linux之curl命令

Posted 2021-10-21 wx580ec8c84ec69

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命令语法

> curl (选项)(参数)

命令选项

-A/--user-agent <string>              设置用户代理发送给服务器
-b/--cookie <name=string/file>    cookie字符串或文件读取位置
-c/--cookie-jar <file>                    操作结束后把cookie写入到这个文件中
-C/--continue-at <offset>            断点续转
-D/--dump-header <file>              把header信息写入到该文件中
-e/--referer                                  来源网址
-f/--fail                                          连接失败时不显示http错误
-o/--output                                  把输出写到该文件中
-O/--remote-name                      把输出写到该文件中，保留远程文件的文件名
-r/--range <range>                      检索来自HTTP/1.1或FTP服务器字节范围
-s/--silent                                    静音模式。不输出任何东西
-T/--upload-file <file>                  上传文件
-u/--user <user[:password]>      设置服务器的用户和密码
-w/--write-out [format]                什么输出完成后
-x/--proxy <host[:port]>              在给定的端口上使用HTTP代理
-#/--progress-bar                        进度条显示当前的传送状态

文件下载

curl命令可以用来执行下载、发送各种HTTP请求，指定HTTP头部等操作
curl是将下载文件输出到stdout，将进度信息输出到stderr，不显示进度信息使用--silent选项。

> curl https://rumenz.com --silent

下载文件到指定的文件小写`-o`,大写`-O` 保存文件和它的原始文件名

> curl https://rumenz.com/1.html -o 2.html

> curl https://rumenz.com/1.html -O

> curl https://rumenz.com/2.html -o 2.html --progress

断点续传

> curl -O -u \'rumenz\':\'test\' ftp://rumenz.com/jdk.tar.gz

伪造请求来源

> curl -e https://json.im https://rumenz.com

> curl -H \'Referer: https://json.im\' https://rumenz.com

设置请求header

> curl -H "Host:rumenz.com" -H "accept-language:zh-cn" URL

curl的带宽控制

> curl --limit-rate 200k  https://rumenz.com/1.html

用curl进行认证

> curl -u user:pwd https://rumenz.com
> curl -u user https://rumenz.com

只打印响应头

> curl -I https://rumenz.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: openresty/1.19.3.1
Date: Wed, 02 Jun 2021 13:37:41 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Connection: keep-alive

使用curl模拟get请求

> curl https://json.im/1.txt
123
456

> curl -i https://json.im/1.txt
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: openresty
Date: Wed, 02 Jun 2021 14:02:30 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 8
Last-Modified: Wed, 02 Jun 2021 14:00:57 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "60b78f19-8"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

123
456

> curl -l https://json.im/1.txt

> curl -v https://json.im/1.txt

使用curl模拟post请求

> curl -d "param1=value1&param2=value2" https://json.im/login
> curl -d\'login=rumenz＆password=123\' -X POST https://json.im/login
> curl -d \'login=rumenz\' -d \'password=123\' -X POST  https://json.im/login

> curl --data-urlencode \'comment=hello world\' https://json.im/login

上传文本文件

> curl -d \'@data.txt\' https://json.im/upload

post json格式的数据

> curl -l -H \'Content-type: application/json\' -X POST -d \'{"rumenz":"123"}\' https://json.im/123.json

向服务器发送 Cookie

> curl https://json.im --cookie "user=rumenz&pass=123456"

Cookie写入到一个文件

> curl -c cookies.txt https://json.im

上传二进制文件

> curl -F "file=@123.png" https://json.im/uploadfile

> curl -F \'file=@123.png;type=image/png\'  https://json.im/uploadfile

> curl -F \'file=@123.png;filename=rumenz.png\' https://json.im/uploadfile

请求跟随服务器的重定向

> curl -L -d \'rumenz=123\' https://json.im/

调试参数

> curl -v https://json.im/1.txt
*   Trying 150.109.147.28...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to json.im (150.109.147.28) port 443 (#0)
* ALPN, offering h2
* ALPN, offering http/1.1
* Cipher selection: ALL:!EXPORT:!EXPORT40:!EXPORT56:!aNULL:!LOW:!RC4:@STRENGTH
* successfully set certificate verify locations:
*   CAfile: /etc/ssl/cert.pem
  CApath: none
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server finished (14):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS change cipher, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* SSL connection using TLSv1.2 / ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
* ALPN, server accepted to use http/1.1
* Server certificate:
*  subject: CN=json.im
*  start date: Apr 27 14:50:23 2021 GMT
*  expire date: Jul 26 14:50:23 2021 GMT
*  subjectAltName: host "json.im" matched cert\'s "json.im"
*  issuer: C=US; O=Let\'s Encrypt; CN=R3
*  SSL certificate verify ok.
> GET /1.txt HTTP/1.1
> Host: json.im
> User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Server: openresty
< Date: Wed, 02 Jun 2021 14:31:36 GMT
< Content-Type: text/plain
< Content-Length: 8
< Last-Modified: Wed, 02 Jun 2021 14:00:57 GMT
< Connection: keep-alive
< ETag: "60b78f19-8"
< Accept-Ranges: bytes
<
123
456
* Connection #0 to host json.im left intact