VRRP实验
Posted 可能再无晚安
tags:
篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了VRRP实验相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。
VRRP的理解
VRRP：虚拟路由冗余协议
作用：在一个网段的 多个网关之间，形成一个虚拟路由器，从而实现增强网关的稳定性。
原理：在多个真实的网关（接口）上运行VRRP 以后，多个网关之间会互相发送VRRP的（通告）报文，从而进行网关设备角色的选举。
角色
master：主网关
用来真正的转发用户发送的数据包；
在一个网段中，永远只有一个。
backup: 备份网关
平时不转发用户数据， 仅仅是监控（被动监控）主网关设备的状态。
如果主网关挂掉，则直接将自己升级为主网关；如果主网关没有挂掉，则一直保持backup状态；在一个网段中，可以有多个。
相关术语
- VRRP路由
运行VRRP协议的路由。一台VRRP路由器（的接口）可以同时参与到多个VRRP组中，在不同的组中，一台VRRP路由器可以充当不同的角色。 - VRRP组
一个VRRP组由多个VRRP路由器组成，使用相同的VRID进行标识，属于同一VRRP组的VRRP路由器相互交换信息，每一个VRRP组中只能有一个Master。 - 虚拟MAC地址
即虚拟路由器根据VRID生成的MAC地址。
一个虚拟路由器拥有一个虚拟MAC地址，格式为：00-00-5E-00-01-{VRID}。
当虚拟路由器回应ARP请求时，使用虚拟MAC地址，而不是接口的真实MAC地址。 - 优先级
用来标识虚拟路由器中各成员路由器的优先级。
虚拟路由器根据优先级选举出Master和Backup。
VRRP工作流程
- Master选举：从VRRP组中选举一个Master，其余为Backup。
- 各设备协调工作：Master负责虚拟路由器的工作，Backup负责监听Master的状态。
- 故障转移：Master出现故障，回到步骤1。
VRRP状态机
VRRP协议的状态共有三种， 分别为初始状态（Initialize）、活动状态（Master）、备份状态（Backup）。
::: hljs-center
:::
- Initialize（初始状态）： 设备启动时进入此状态，当收到接口 Startup的消息，将转入Backup或Master状态(IP地址拥有者的接口优先级为255，直接转为Master)。在此状态时，不会对VRRP报**任何处理。
- Master（活动状态）：此状态的路由器会 定期发送 VRRP报文。以虚拟MAC地址响应对虚拟IP地址的ARP请求。转发目的MAC地址为虚拟MAC地址的IP报文。 如果它是虚拟 IP地址的拥有者，则接收目的IP地址为这个虚拟IP地址的IP报文。否则，丢弃这个IP报文。
- Backup（备状态）：此状态的路由器会接收Master发送的VRRP报文，判断Master的状态是否正常。它对虚拟IP地址的ARP请求，不做响应。且丢弃目的MAC地址为虚拟MAC地址的IP报文。丢弃目的IP地址为虚拟IP地址的IP报文。
VRRP配置实验
::: hljs-center
:::
AR1配置
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]us
[Huawei]user-in
[Huawei]user-interface con
[Huawei]user-interface console 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]i
[Huawei-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]q
[Huawei]sys R1
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 13.0.0.2 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]un shu
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 23.0.0.2 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un shu
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R1]int l
[R1]int LoopBack 1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 30.0.0.1 24
[R1-LoopBack1]q
[R1]dis ip br
^
Error: Unrecognized command found at \'^\' position.
[R1]dis ip int b
[R1]dis ip int brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 13.0.0.2/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 23.0.0.2/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack1 30.0.0.1/24 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[R1]q
<R1>sa
The current configuration will be written to the device.
Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
Configuration file had been saved successfully
Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated
<R1>SW1配置
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]us
[Huawei]user-in
[Huawei]user-interface con
[Huawei]user-interface console 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]i
[Huawei-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]q
[Huawei]sys SW1
[SW1]v b 10 20
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[SW1]int e0/0/1
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]p l a
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]p d v 10
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]un shu
Info: Interface Ethernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]int e0/0/2
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]p l a
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]p d v 20
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]un shu
Info: Interface Ethernet0/0/2 is not shutdown.
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]int e0/0/3
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]p l t
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]p t a v a
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]int e0/0/4
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/4]p l t
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/4]p t a v a
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/4]un shu
Info: Interface Ethernet0/0/4 is not shutdown.
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/4]int e0/0/3
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]un shu
Info: Interface Ethernet0/0/3 is not shutdown.
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]q
[SW1]q
<SW1>sa
The current configuration will be written to the device.
Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]y
Info: Please input the file name ( *.cfg, *.zip ) [vrpcfg.zip]:
Now saving the current configuration to the slot 0.
Save the configuration successfully.
<SW1>SW2配置
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]us
[Huawei]user-in
[Huawei]user-interface con
[Huawei]user-interface console 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]i
[Huawei-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]q
[Huawei]sys SW2
[SW2]v b 10 20 100
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[SW2]int g0/0/1
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l t
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p t a v a
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un shu
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dis th
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
port link-type trunk
port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
#
return
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p l a
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p d v 100
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]un shu
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 is not shutdown.
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dis th
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
port link-type access
port default vlan 100
#
return
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[SW2]int v
[SW2]int Vlanif 10
[SW2-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.10.100 24
[SW2-Vlanif10]un shu
Info: Interface Vlanif10 is not shutdown.
[SW2-Vlanif10]int Vlanif 20
[SW2-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.20.100 24
[SW2-Vlanif20]un shu
Info: Interface Vlanif20 is not shutdown.
[SW2-Vlanif20]int v
[SW2-Vlanif20]int vl
[SW2-Vlanif20]int vl
[SW2-Vlanif20]int vlanif 100
[SW2-Vlanif100]ip add 13.0.0.1 24
[SW2-Vlanif100]un shu
Info: Interface Vlanif100 is not shutdown.
[SW2-Vlanif100]q
[SW2]int v
[SW2]int Vlanif 10
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrr
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp v
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 vi
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.10.1
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrr
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp v
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 p
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 pri
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 priority 120
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp v
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 pr
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 pree
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 preempt-mode ti
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 preempt-mode timer de
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 preempt-mode timer delay 3
[SW2-Vlanif10]vr
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrpv
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp v
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 t
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 tr
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 track int
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 track interface g0/0/2 re
[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 track interface g0/0/2 reduced 30
[SW2-Vlanif10]q
[SW2]int vl
[SW2]int Vlanif 20
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrr
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp v
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 vi
[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.1
[SW2-Vlanif20]q
[SW2]q
<SW2>sa
The current configuration will be written to the device.
Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]y
Info: Please input the file name ( *.cfg, *.zip ) [vrpcfg.zip]:
Now saving the current configuration to the slot 0.
Save the configuration successfully.
<SW2>SW3配置
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]us
[Huawei]user-in
[Huawei]user-interface con
[Huawei]user-interface console 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]i
[Huawei-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]q
[Huawei]sys SW3
[SW3]int g0/0/1
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[SW3]v b 10 20 100
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[SW3]int g0/0/1
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l a
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p t a v a
^
Error:Ambiguous command found at \'^\' position.
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l t
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p t a v a
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p l a
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p d v 100
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]un shu
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 is not shutdown.
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[SW3]int v
[SW3]int Vlanif 10
[SW3-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.10.200 24
[SW3-Vlanif10]un shu
Info: Interface Vlanif10 is not shutdown.
[SW3-Vlanif10]int Vlanif 20
[SW3-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.20.200 24
[SW3-Vlanif20]un shu
Info: Interface Vlanif20 is not shutdown.
[SW3-Vlanif20]int vlan
[SW3-Vlanif20]int vlanif 100
[SW3-Vlanif100]ip add 23.0.0.1 24
[SW3-Vlanif100]un shu
Info: Interface Vlanif100 is not shutdown.
[SW3-Vlanif100]di in br
PHY: Physical
*down: administratively down
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
(b): BFD down
(e): ETHOAM down
(dl): DLDP down
(d): Dampening Suppressed
InUti/OutUti: input utility/output utility
Interface PHY Protocol InUti OutUti inErrors outErrors
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 up up 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 up up 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/3 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/4 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/5 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/6 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/7 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/8 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/9 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/10 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/11 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/12 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/13 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/14 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/15 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/16 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/17 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/18 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/19 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/20 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/21 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/22 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/23 down down 0% 0% 0 0
GigabitEthernet0/0/24 down down 0% 0% 0 0
MEth0/0/1 down down 0% 0% 0 0
NULL0 up up(s) 0% 0% 0 0
Vlanif1 up down -- -- 0 0
Vlanif10 up up -- -- 0 0
Vlanif20 up up -- -- 0 0
Vlanif100 up up -- -- 0 0
[SW3-Vlanif100]q
[SW3]int v
[SW3]int Vlanif 10
[SW3-Vlanif10]vrr
[SW3-Vlanif10]vrrp v
[SW3-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 v
[SW3-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.10.1
[SW3-Vlanif10]vr
[SW3-Vlanif10]vrrp v
[SW3-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 p
[SW3-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 pri
[SW3-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 priority 115
[SW3-Vlanif10]q
[SW3]in
[SW3]int
[SW3]int vl
[SW3]int Vlanif 20
[SW3-Vlanif20]vrr
[SW3-Vlanif20]vrrp v
[SW3-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 v
[SW3-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.1
[SW3-Vlanif20]v
[SW3-Vlanif20]vrrp v
[SW3-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 pri
[SW3-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 priority 120
[SW3-Vlanif20]v
[SW3-Vlanif20]vrrp v
[SW3-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 tr
[SW3-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 track in
[SW3-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 track interface g0/0/2 re
[SW3-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 track interface g0/0/2 reduced 30
[SW3-Vlanif20]q
[SW3]dis vr
[SW3]dis vrrp
Vlanif10 | Virtual Router 10
State : Backup
Virtual IP : 192.168.10.1
Master IP : 192.168.10.100
PriorityRun : 115
PriorityConfig : 115
MasterPriority : 120
Preempt : YES Delay Time : 0 s
TimerRun : 1 s
TimerConfig : 1 s
Auth type : NONE
Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-010a
Check TTL : YES
Config type : normal-vrrp
Create time : 2021-10-19 15:32:11 UTC-08:00
Last change time : 2021-10-19 15:32:11 UTC-08:00
Vlanif20 | Virtual Router 20
State : Master
Virtual IP : 192.168.20.1
Master IP : 192.168.20.200
PriorityRun : 120
PriorityConfig : 120
MasterPriority : 120
Preempt : YES Delay Time : 0 s
TimerRun : 1 s
TimerConfig : 1 s
Auth type : NONE
Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0114
Check TTL : YES
Config type : normal-vrrp
Track IF : GigabitEthernet0/0/2 Priority reduced : 30
IF state : UP
Create time : 2021-10-19 15:32:51 UTC-08:00
Last change time : 2021-10-19 15:33:03 UTC-08:00
[SW3]q
<SW3>sa
The current configuration will be written to the device.
Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]y
Info: Please input the file name ( *.cfg, *.zip ) [vrpcfg.zip]:
Now saving the current configuration to the slot 0.
Save the configuration successfully.
<SW3>以上是关于VRRP实验的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章