prometheus snmp_exporter使用

Posted 2021-10-11 梦想不遥远

一. 交换机开启SNMP协议

snmp-agent sys-info version v2 #v2为snmp协议版本
snmp-agent community read ci test1234 #团体名
snmp-agent trap enable
snmp-agent target-host trap address udp-domain 192.168.1.9 params securityname Public123456 #允许向snmp服务器发送trap报文

二. 部署snmp_exporter

1、下载snmp_exporter

wget https://github.com/prometheus/snmp_exporter/releases/download/v0.19.0/snmp_exporter-0.19.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xf snmp_exporter-0.19.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt/

2、编译安装generator，生成snmp_exporter配置文件snmp.yml

2.1 安装Go环境

wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.11.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xf go1.11.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
vim /etc/profile
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin
EOF
source /etc/profile
go version #显示版本号即安装成功

2.2 编译安装generator

yum install gcc gcc-g++ make net-snmp net-snmp-utils net-snmp-libs net-snmp-devel -y
go get github.com/prometheus/snmp_exporter/generator
cd ${GOPATH-$HOME/go}/src/github.com/prometheus/snmp_exporter/generator
go build
make mibs #如果已下载相关设备厂家提供的mib文件则无需再次生成mib库，跳过此步

2.3 获取需要监控的硬件设备mib库

2.4 编写generator配置文件

modules:
  module_name:  # The module name. You can have as many modules as you want.
    walk:       # List of OIDs to walk. Can also be SNMP object names or specific instances.
      - 1.3.6.1.2.1.2              # Same as "interfaces"
      - sysUpTime                  # Same as "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3"
      - 1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.6.40  # Instance of "ifHCInOctets" with index "40"

    version: 2  # SNMP version to use. Defaults to 2.
                # 1 will use GETNEXT, 2 and 3 use GETBULK.
    max_repetitions: 25  # How many objects to request with GET/GETBULK, defaults to 25.
                         # May need to be reduced for buggy devices.
    retries: 3   # How many times to retry a failed request, defaults to 3.
    timeout: 5s  # Timeout for each individual SNMP request, defaults to 5s.

    auth:
      # Community string is used with SNMP v1 and v2. Defaults to "public".
      community: public

      # v3 has different and more complex settings.
      # Which are required depends on the security_level.
      # The equivalent options on NetSNMP commands like snmpbulkwalk
      # and snmpget are also listed. See snmpcmd(1).
      username: user  # Required, no default. -u option to NetSNMP.
      security_level: noAuthNoPriv  # Defaults to noAuthNoPriv. -l option to NetSNMP.
                                    # Can be noAuthNoPriv, authNoPriv or authPriv.
      password: pass  # Has no default. Also known as authKey, -A option to NetSNMP.
                      # Required if security_level is authNoPriv or authPriv.
      auth_protocol: MD5  # MD5, SHA, SHA224, SHA256, SHA384, or SHA512. Defaults to MD5. -a option to NetSNMP.
                          # Used if security_level is authNoPriv or authPriv.
      priv_protocol: DES  # DES, AES, AES192, or AES256. Defaults to DES. -x option to NetSNMP.
                          # Used if security_level is authPriv.
      priv_password: otherPass # Has no default. Also known as privKey, -X option to NetSNMP.
                               # Required if security_level is authPriv.
      context_name: context # Has no default. -n option to NetSNMP.
                            # Required if context is configured on the device.

    lookups:  # Optional list of lookups to perform.
              # The default for `keep_source_indexes` is false. Indexes must be unique for this option to be used.

      # If the index of a table is bsnDot11EssIndex, usually that\'d be the label
      # on the resulting metrics from that table. Instead, use the index to
      # lookup the bsnDot11EssSsid table entry and create a bsnDot11EssSsid label
      # with that value.
      - source_indexes: [bsnDot11EssIndex]
        lookup: bsnDot11EssSsid
        drop_source_indexes: false  # If true, delete source index labels for this lookup.
                                    # This avoids label clutter when the new index is unique.

     overrides: # Allows for per-module overrides of bits of MIBs
       metricName:
         ignore: true # Drops the metric from the output.
         regex_extracts:
           Temp: # A new metric will be created appending this to the metricName to become metricNameTemp.
             - regex: \'(.*)\' # Regex to extract a value from the returned SNMP walks\'s value.
               value: \'$1\' # The result will be parsed as a float64, defaults to $1.
           Status:
             - regex: \'.*Example\'
               value: \'1\' # The first entry whose regex matches and whose value parses wins.
             - regex: \'.*\'
               value: \'0\'
         type: DisplayString # Override the metric type, possible types are:
                             #   gauge:   An integer with type gauge.
                             #   counter: An integer with type counter.
                             #   OctetString: A bit string, rendered as 0xff34.
                             #   DateAndTime: An RFC 2579 DateAndTime byte sequence. If the device has no time zone data, UTC is used.
                             #   DisplayString: An ASCII or UTF-8 string.
                             #   PhysAddress48: A 48 bit MAC address, rendered as 00:01:02:03:04:ff.
                             #   Float: A 32 bit floating-point value with type gauge.
                             #   Double: A 64 bit floating-point value with type gauge.
                             #   InetAddressIPv4: An IPv4 address, rendered as 1.2.3.4.
                             #   InetAddressIPv6: An IPv6 address, rendered as 0102:0304:0506:0708:090A:0B0C:0D0E:0F10.
                             #   InetAddress: An InetAddress per RFC 4001. Must be preceded by an InetAddressType.
                             #   InetAddressMissingSize: An InetAddress that violates section 4.1 of RFC 4001 by
                             #       not having the size in the index. Must be preceded by an InetAddressType.
                             #   EnumAsInfo: An enum for which a single timeseries is created. Good for constant values.
                             #   EnumAsStateSet: An enum with a time series per state. Good for variable low-cardinality enums.
                             #   Bits: An RFC 2578 BITS construct, which produces a StateSet with a time series per bit.

snmpwalk -v "snmp版本" -c "coummunity" IP oid(可选)

#通过snmpwalk查询过滤出有值的数据，获取子节点值
snmpwalk -v 2c -c test1234 192.168.1.100 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.31.1.1.1.1.11|grep -v 0$

2.5 运行generator生成snmp.yml

export MIBDIRS=mibs #指定mib库路径
./generator generate
cp snmp.yml /usr/local/snmp_exporter/ #将生成的snmp配置移到snmp_exporter目录下

3、运行snmp_exporter

./snmp_exporter --config.file=/usr/local/snmp_exporter/snmp.yml

4、测试

访问192.168.1.9:9116

三、配置prometheus

1、修改prometheus.yml

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: \'snmp\'
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - 192.168.1.222  # SNMP device.
    metrics_path: /snmp
    params:
      module: [if_mib]
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 192.168.1.9:9116  # The SNMP exporter\'s real hostname:port.

2、重启prometheus

curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/-/reload #如果prometheus启动参数有--web.enable-lifecycle，可通过此命令平滑重启

四、grafana数据可视化