elasticsearch之mappings的其他设置：indexcopy_to对象属性settings

Posted 2020-11-24 陌维

前言

上一小节中，根据dynamic的状态不同，我们对字段有了更多可自定义的操作。现在再来补充一个参数，使自定义的属性更加的灵活。

 

index

首先来创建一个mappings:

PUT m4
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc": {
      "dynamic": false,
      "properties": {
        "name": {
          "type": "text",
          "index": true
        },
        "age": {
          "type": "long",
          "index": false
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

 

我们在创建索引的时候，为每个属性添加一个index参数

先来添加一篇文档

PUT m4/doc/1
{
  "name": "小黑",
  "age": 18
}

再来查询看效果

GET m4/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "小黑"
    }
  }
}

GET m4/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "age": 18
    }
  }
}

以name查询没问题，但是，以age作为查询条件就有问题了

{
  "error": {
    "root_cause": [
      {
        "type": "query_shard_exception",
        "reason": "failed to create query: {
  "match" : {
    "age" : {
      "query" : 18,
      "operator" : "OR",
      "prefix_length" : 0,
      "max_expansions" : 50,
      "fuzzy_transpositions" : true,
      "lenient" : false,
      "zero_terms_query" : "NONE",
      "auto_generate_synonyms_phrase_query" : true,
      "boost" : 1.0
    }
  }
}",
        "index_uuid": "GHBPeT5pRnSi3g6DkpIkow",
        "index": "m4"
      }
    ],
    "type": "search_phase_execution_exception",
    "reason": "all shards failed",
    "phase": "query",
    "grouped": true,
    "failed_shards": [
      {
        "shard": 0,
        "index": "m4",
        "node": "dhkqLLTsRemm7qEgRdpvTg",
        "reason": {
          "type": "query_shard_exception",
          "reason": "failed to create query: {
  "match" : {
    "age" : {
      "query" : 18,
      "operator" : "OR",
      "prefix_length" : 0,
      "max_expansions" : 50,
      "fuzzy_transpositions" : true,
      "lenient" : false,
      "zero_terms_query" : "NONE",
      "auto_generate_synonyms_phrase_query" : true,
      "boost" : 1.0
    }
  }
}",
          "index_uuid": "GHBPeT5pRnSi3g6DkpIkow",
          "index": "m4",
          "caused_by": {
            "type": "illegal_argument_exception",
            "reason": "Cannot search on field [age] since it is not indexed."
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "status": 400
}

 

返回的是报错结果，这其中就是index参数在起作用。

小结：index属性默认为true，如果该属性设置为false，那么，elasticsearch不会为该属性创建索引，也就是说无法当做主查询条件。

 

copy_to

再来学习一个copy_to属性，该属性允许我们将多个字段的值复制到组字段中，然后将组字段作为单个字段进行查询。

PUT m5
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc": {
      "dynamic":false,
      "properties": {
        "first_name":{
          "type": "text",
          "copy_to": "full_name"
        },
        "last_name": {
          "type": "text",
          "copy_to": "full_name"
        },
        "full_name": {
          "type": "text"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT m5/doc/1
{
  "first_name":"tom",
  "last_name":"ben"
}
PUT m5/doc/2
{
  "first_name":"john",
  "last_name":"smith"
}

GET m5/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "first_name": "tom"
    }
  }
}

GET m5/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "full_name": "tom"
    }
  }
}

 

我们将first_name和last_name都复制到full_name中。并且使用full_name查询也返回了结果

{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 5,
    "successful" : 5,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "m5",
        "_type" : "doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "first_name" : "tom",
          "last_name" : "ben"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

返回结果表示查询成功。那么想要查询tom或者smith该怎么办？

GET m5/doc/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "full_name": {
        "query": "tom smith",
        "operator": "or"
      }
    }
  }
}