修改MySQL字符编码

Posted 2023-02-14 BaldWinf

windows环境

查看mysql数据库默认编码

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                           |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | gbk                                             |
| character_set_connection | gbk                                             |
| character_set_database   | latin1                                          |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                          |
| character_set_results    | gbk                                             |
| character_set_server     | latin1                                          |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                            |
| character_sets_dir       | E:\\0Develop\\mysql-5.7.15-winx64\\share\\charsets\\ |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql>

设置mysql数据库编码

在mysql安装目录下，将 my-default.ini 复制一分保存为 my.ini
做如下修改

    [mysqld]
    character-set-server=utf8 
    collation-server=utf8_general_ci 

    [client]
    default-character-set = utf8

然后删除你当前的mysql服务，再重新注册mysql服务。

注：一定要以管理员的权限运行dos命令，且cd到mysql安装目录下的bin目录，再注册mysql服务

我将mysql的路径配置到了path环境变量中，如果不是，需要到程序目录下执行命令

C:\\WINDOWS\\system32>net stop mysql
mysql 服务正在停止.
mysql 服务已成功停止。

C:\\Windows\\system32>sc delete mysql
[SC] DeleteService 成功

C:\\WINDOWS\\system32>mysqld -install mysql --defaults-file="D:\\develops\\mysql-5.7.17-winx64\\my.ini"
Service successfully installed.

C:\\WINDOWS\\system32>net start mysql
mysql 服务正在启动 .
mysql 服务已经启动成功。

C:\\WINDOWS\\system32>

再次查看

C:\\WINDOWS\\system32>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\\h' for help. Type '\\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                           |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                                            |
| character_set_connection | utf8                                            |
| character_set_database   | utf8                                            |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                          |
| character_set_results    | utf8                                            |
| character_set_server     | utf8                                            |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                            |
| character_sets_dir       | D:\\develops\\mysql-5.7.17-winx64\\share\\charsets\\ |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql>

修改数据库实例编码

修改是永久的，重启mysql依然有效
mysql> show create database test;
±---------±----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
±---------±----------------------------------------------------------------+
| test | CREATE DATABASE test /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ |
±---------±----------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter database test default character set utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show create database test;
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database                                               |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| test     | CREATE DATABASE `test` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

查看字符集sql语句

查看mysql数据库默认编码

show variables like '%char%';

查看数据库实例编码

show create database mysql_db;

修改全局字符集sql语句

注：下面方式修改字符集 是临时的，mysql重启后无效

set character_set_connection=gb2312;

set character_set_database=gb2312;

set character_set_results=gb2312;

set character_set_server=gb2312;

set character_set_system=gb2312;

set collation_connection=gb2312;

set collation_database=gb2312;

set collation_server=gb2312;

Linux环境

查看默认编码

mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

设置默认编码

1. 备份配置文件

    sudo cp  /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf_2
    sudo vim  /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
   

2. 修改内容

    [mysqld]
    character-set-server=utf8 
    collation-server=utf8_general_ci 
   
    [client]
    default-character-set = utf8
   

3. 重启mysql

    service mysql restart
   

4. 查看字符集

    mysql> show variables like "%char%";
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | Variable_name            | Value                      |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | character_set_client     | utf8                       |
    | character_set_connection | utf8                       |
    | character_set_database   | utf8                       |
    | character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
    | character_set_results    | utf8                       |
    | character_set_server     | utf8                       |
    | character_set_system     | utf8                       |
    | character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
   

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作者：书霖

wx：yy82801