JavaFX 中的图形可视化(如 yFiles)
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【中文标题】JavaFX 中的图形可视化(如 yFiles)【英文标题】:Graph Visualisation (like yFiles) in JavaFX 【发布时间】:2015-08-21 03:23:55 【问题描述】:类似于 Graphviz,但更具体地说,是 yFiles。
我想要一个节点/边类型的图形可视化。
我正在考虑将节点设为Circle
,将边设为Line
。问题是在节点/边缘出现的区域使用什么。我应该使用ScrollPane
、常规Pane
、Canvas
等...
我将添加滚动功能、缩放、选择节点和拖动节点。
感谢您的帮助。
【问题讨论】:
你有你想要的东西,但你的问题是什么?您应该使用 ScrollPane,但这只是一项非常复杂的任务中的一个非常小的决定,因此这不是一般问题标题的答案,这对于 *** 问题来说过于宽泛。顺便说一句,yFiles for JavaFX 可从 yWorks 获得,但总的来说,库推荐超出了 *** 的范围,这是 *** 的一组限制性规则 ;-) @jewelsea 问题是我将如何为项目选择组件。 您可以在 ScrollPane 中将圆和线添加到组中并创建一个基本的图形查看器。无论如何,它都不是 yFiles,它可以让您查看节点图。但是您可能需要节点中的一些信息(如文本),因此不要使用 Circle,而是使用 Label。缩放很棘手,所以您可能想要这样做:***.com/questions/16680295/javafx-correct-scaling。获得适合布局的几何图形也很棘手,您可能需要使用一些库来帮助解决这个问题。不确定这是评论还是对您问题的实际回答。 @jewelsea 正是我想要的。谢谢!不过我不得不问 - 为什么要把它们放在Group
中?
阅读ScrollPane documentation:“ScrollPane 布局计算是基于 layoutBounds 而不是滚动节点的 boundsInParent(视觉边界)。如果应用程序希望滚动基于视觉边界节点(对于缩放的内容等),他们需要将滚动节点包装在一个组中。”您想根据视觉范围滚动缩放的内容,因此您需要一个 Group...
【参考方案1】:
我有 2 个小时的时间要杀,所以我想我会试一试。事实证明,想出一个原型很容易。
这是你需要的:
使用您创建的图形库的主类 带有数据模型的图表 轻松添加和删除节点和边(事实证明,最好命名节点单元格,以避免在编程过程中与 JavaFX 节点混淆) zoomable scrollpane 图形的布局算法在SO上问的实在是太多了,所以我就加几个cmets的代码吧。
应用程序实例化图表,添加单元格并通过边连接它们。
应用程序/Main.java
package application;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import com.fxgraph.graph.CellType;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Graph;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Model;
import com.fxgraph.layout.base.Layout;
import com.fxgraph.layout.random.RandomLayout;
public class Main extends Application
Graph graph = new Graph();
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage)
BorderPane root = new BorderPane();
graph = new Graph();
root.setCenter(graph.getScrollPane());
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 1024, 768);
scene.getStylesheets().add(getClass().getResource("application.css").toExternalForm());
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
addGraphComponents();
Layout layout = new RandomLayout(graph);
layout.execute();
private void addGraphComponents()
Model model = graph.getModel();
graph.beginUpdate();
model.addCell("Cell A", CellType.RECTANGLE);
model.addCell("Cell B", CellType.RECTANGLE);
model.addCell("Cell C", CellType.RECTANGLE);
model.addCell("Cell D", CellType.TRIANGLE);
model.addCell("Cell E", CellType.TRIANGLE);
model.addCell("Cell F", CellType.RECTANGLE);
model.addCell("Cell G", CellType.RECTANGLE);
model.addEdge("Cell A", "Cell B");
model.addEdge("Cell A", "Cell C");
model.addEdge("Cell B", "Cell C");
model.addEdge("Cell C", "Cell D");
model.addEdge("Cell B", "Cell E");
model.addEdge("Cell D", "Cell F");
model.addEdge("Cell D", "Cell G");
graph.endUpdate();
public static void main(String[] args)
launch(args);
滚动窗格应具有白色背景。
应用程序/application.css
.scroll-pane > .viewport
-fx-background-color: white;
可缩放的滚动窗格,我得到了code base from pixel duke:
ZoomableScrollPane.java
package com.fxgraph.graph;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Node;
import javafx.scene.control.ScrollPane;
import javafx.scene.input.ScrollEvent;
import javafx.scene.transform.Scale;
public class ZoomableScrollPane extends ScrollPane
Group zoomGroup;
Scale scaleTransform;
Node content;
double scaleValue = 1.0;
double delta = 0.1;
public ZoomableScrollPane(Node content)
this.content = content;
Group contentGroup = new Group();
zoomGroup = new Group();
contentGroup.getChildren().add(zoomGroup);
zoomGroup.getChildren().add(content);
setContent(contentGroup);
scaleTransform = new Scale(scaleValue, scaleValue, 0, 0);
zoomGroup.getTransforms().add(scaleTransform);
zoomGroup.setOnScroll(new ZoomHandler());
public double getScaleValue()
return scaleValue;
public void zoomToActual()
zoomTo(1.0);
public void zoomTo(double scaleValue)
this.scaleValue = scaleValue;
scaleTransform.setX(scaleValue);
scaleTransform.setY(scaleValue);
public void zoomActual()
scaleValue = 1;
zoomTo(scaleValue);
public void zoomOut()
scaleValue -= delta;
if (Double.compare(scaleValue, 0.1) < 0)
scaleValue = 0.1;
zoomTo(scaleValue);
public void zoomIn()
scaleValue += delta;
if (Double.compare(scaleValue, 10) > 0)
scaleValue = 10;
zoomTo(scaleValue);
/**
*
* @param minimizeOnly
* If the content fits already into the viewport, then we don't
* zoom if this parameter is true.
*/
public void zoomToFit(boolean minimizeOnly)
double scaleX = getViewportBounds().getWidth() / getContent().getBoundsInLocal().getWidth();
double scaleY = getViewportBounds().getHeight() / getContent().getBoundsInLocal().getHeight();
// consider current scale (in content calculation)
scaleX *= scaleValue;
scaleY *= scaleValue;
// distorted zoom: we don't want it => we search the minimum scale
// factor and apply it
double scale = Math.min(scaleX, scaleY);
// check precondition
if (minimizeOnly)
// check if zoom factor would be an enlargement and if so, just set
// it to 1
if (Double.compare(scale, 1) > 0)
scale = 1;
// apply zoom
zoomTo(scale);
private class ZoomHandler implements EventHandler<ScrollEvent>
@Override
public void handle(ScrollEvent scrollEvent)
// if (scrollEvent.isControlDown())
if (scrollEvent.getDeltaY() < 0)
scaleValue -= delta;
else
scaleValue += delta;
zoomTo(scaleValue);
scrollEvent.consume();
每个单元格都表示为窗格,您可以将任何节点作为视图(矩形、标签、图像视图等)放入其中
Cell.java
package com.fxgraph.graph;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javafx.scene.Node;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
public class Cell extends Pane
String cellId;
List<Cell> children = new ArrayList<>();
List<Cell> parents = new ArrayList<>();
Node view;
public Cell(String cellId)
this.cellId = cellId;
public void addCellChild(Cell cell)
children.add(cell);
public List<Cell> getCellChildren()
return children;
public void addCellParent(Cell cell)
parents.add(cell);
public List<Cell> getCellParents()
return parents;
public void removeCellChild(Cell cell)
children.remove(cell);
public void setView(Node view)
this.view = view;
getChildren().add(view);
public Node getView()
return this.view;
public String getCellId()
return cellId;
细胞应该是通过某种工厂创建的,所以它们是按类型分类的:
CellType.java
package com.fxgraph.graph;
public enum CellType
RECTANGLE,
TRIANGLE
;
实例化它们非常容易:
矩形单元格.java
package com.fxgraph.cells;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Cell;
public class RectangleCell extends Cell
public RectangleCell( String id)
super( id);
Rectangle view = new Rectangle( 50,50);
view.setStroke(Color.DODGERBLUE);
view.setFill(Color.DODGERBLUE);
setView( view);
TriangleCell.java
package com.fxgraph.cells;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Polygon;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Cell;
public class TriangleCell extends Cell
public TriangleCell( String id)
super( id);
double width = 50;
double height = 50;
Polygon view = new Polygon( width / 2, 0, width, height, 0, height);
view.setStroke(Color.RED);
view.setFill(Color.RED);
setView( view);
那么你当然需要边缘。你可以使用任何你喜欢的连接,甚至三次曲线。为简单起见,我使用一行:
Edge.java
package com.fxgraph.graph;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.shape.Line;
public class Edge extends Group
protected Cell source;
protected Cell target;
Line line;
public Edge(Cell source, Cell target)
this.source = source;
this.target = target;
source.addCellChild(target);
target.addCellParent(source);
line = new Line();
line.startXProperty().bind( source.layoutXProperty().add(source.getBoundsInParent().getWidth() / 2.0));
line.startYProperty().bind( source.layoutYProperty().add(source.getBoundsInParent().getHeight() / 2.0));
line.endXProperty().bind( target.layoutXProperty().add( target.getBoundsInParent().getWidth() / 2.0));
line.endYProperty().bind( target.layoutYProperty().add( target.getBoundsInParent().getHeight() / 2.0));
getChildren().add( line);
public Cell getSource()
return source;
public Cell getTarget()
return target;
对此的扩展是将边缘绑定到单元的端口(北/南/东/西)。
然后你想拖动节点,所以你必须添加一些鼠标手势。重要的部分是考虑缩放系数,以防图形画布被缩放
MouseGestures.java
package com.fxgraph.graph;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.scene.Node;
import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
public class MouseGestures
final DragContext dragContext = new DragContext();
Graph graph;
public MouseGestures( Graph graph)
this.graph = graph;
public void makeDraggable( final Node node)
node.setOnMousePressed(onMousePressedEventHandler);
node.setOnMouseDragged(onMouseDraggedEventHandler);
node.setOnMouseReleased(onMouseReleasedEventHandler);
EventHandler<MouseEvent> onMousePressedEventHandler = new EventHandler<MouseEvent>()
@Override
public void handle(MouseEvent event)
Node node = (Node) event.getSource();
double scale = graph.getScale();
dragContext.x = node.getBoundsInParent().getMinX() * scale - event.getScreenX();
dragContext.y = node.getBoundsInParent().getMinY() * scale - event.getScreenY();
;
EventHandler<MouseEvent> onMouseDraggedEventHandler = new EventHandler<MouseEvent>()
@Override
public void handle(MouseEvent event)
Node node = (Node) event.getSource();
double offsetX = event.getScreenX() + dragContext.x;
double offsetY = event.getScreenY() + dragContext.y;
// adjust the offset in case we are zoomed
double scale = graph.getScale();
offsetX /= scale;
offsetY /= scale;
node.relocate(offsetX, offsetY);
;
EventHandler<MouseEvent> onMouseReleasedEventHandler = new EventHandler<MouseEvent>()
@Override
public void handle(MouseEvent event)
;
class DragContext
double x;
double y;
然后您需要一个模型来存储单元格和边缘。任何时候都可以添加新单元格并删除现有单元格。您需要处理它们与现有的区别(例如,添加鼠标手势,添加它们时为它们设置动画等)。当您实现布局算法时,您将面临根节点的确定。所以你应该创建一个不可见的根节点(graphparent),它不会被添加到图本身,但所有没有父节点的节点都从该节点开始。
模型.java
package com.fxgraph.graph;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import com.fxgraph.cells.TriangleCell;
import com.fxgraph.cells.RectangleCell;
public class Model
Cell graphParent;
List<Cell> allCells;
List<Cell> addedCells;
List<Cell> removedCells;
List<Edge> allEdges;
List<Edge> addedEdges;
List<Edge> removedEdges;
Map<String,Cell> cellMap; // <id,cell>
public Model()
graphParent = new Cell( "_ROOT_");
// clear model, create lists
clear();
public void clear()
allCells = new ArrayList<>();
addedCells = new ArrayList<>();
removedCells = new ArrayList<>();
allEdges = new ArrayList<>();
addedEdges = new ArrayList<>();
removedEdges = new ArrayList<>();
cellMap = new HashMap<>(); // <id,cell>
public void clearAddedLists()
addedCells.clear();
addedEdges.clear();
public List<Cell> getAddedCells()
return addedCells;
public List<Cell> getRemovedCells()
return removedCells;
public List<Cell> getAllCells()
return allCells;
public List<Edge> getAddedEdges()
return addedEdges;
public List<Edge> getRemovedEdges()
return removedEdges;
public List<Edge> getAllEdges()
return allEdges;
public void addCell(String id, CellType type)
switch (type)
case RECTANGLE:
RectangleCell rectangleCell = new RectangleCell(id);
addCell(rectangleCell);
break;
case TRIANGLE:
TriangleCell circleCell = new TriangleCell(id);
addCell(circleCell);
break;
default:
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported type: " + type);
private void addCell( Cell cell)
addedCells.add(cell);
cellMap.put( cell.getCellId(), cell);
public void addEdge( String sourceId, String targetId)
Cell sourceCell = cellMap.get( sourceId);
Cell targetCell = cellMap.get( targetId);
Edge edge = new Edge( sourceCell, targetCell);
addedEdges.add( edge);
/**
* Attach all cells which don't have a parent to graphParent
* @param cellList
*/
public void attachOrphansToGraphParent( List<Cell> cellList)
for( Cell cell: cellList)
if( cell.getCellParents().size() == 0)
graphParent.addCellChild( cell);
/**
* Remove the graphParent reference if it is set
* @param cellList
*/
public void disconnectFromGraphParent( List<Cell> cellList)
for( Cell cell: cellList)
graphParent.removeCellChild( cell);
public void merge()
// cells
allCells.addAll( addedCells);
allCells.removeAll( removedCells);
addedCells.clear();
removedCells.clear();
// edges
allEdges.addAll( addedEdges);
allEdges.removeAll( removedEdges);
addedEdges.clear();
removedEdges.clear();
然后是包含可缩放滚动窗格、模型等的图表本身。在图表中处理添加和删除的节点(鼠标手势、添加到滚动窗格的单元格和边缘等)。
Graph.java
package com.fxgraph.graph;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.control.ScrollPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
public class Graph
private Model model;
private Group canvas;
private ZoomableScrollPane scrollPane;
MouseGestures mouseGestures;
/**
* the pane wrapper is necessary or else the scrollpane would always align
* the top-most and left-most child to the top and left eg when you drag the
* top child down, the entire scrollpane would move down
*/
CellLayer cellLayer;
public Graph()
this.model = new Model();
canvas = new Group();
cellLayer = new CellLayer();
canvas.getChildren().add(cellLayer);
mouseGestures = new MouseGestures(this);
scrollPane = new ZoomableScrollPane(canvas);
scrollPane.setFitToWidth(true);
scrollPane.setFitToHeight(true);
public ScrollPane getScrollPane()
return this.scrollPane;
public Pane getCellLayer()
return this.cellLayer;
public Model getModel()
return model;
public void beginUpdate()
public void endUpdate()
// add components to graph pane
getCellLayer().getChildren().addAll(model.getAddedEdges());
getCellLayer().getChildren().addAll(model.getAddedCells());
// remove components from graph pane
getCellLayer().getChildren().removeAll(model.getRemovedCells());
getCellLayer().getChildren().removeAll(model.getRemovedEdges());
// enable dragging of cells
for (Cell cell : model.getAddedCells())
mouseGestures.makeDraggable(cell);
// every cell must have a parent, if it doesn't, then the graphParent is
// the parent
getModel().attachOrphansToGraphParent(model.getAddedCells());
// remove reference to graphParent
getModel().disconnectFromGraphParent(model.getRemovedCells());
// merge added & removed cells with all cells
getModel().merge();
public double getScale()
return this.scrollPane.getScaleValue();
单元层的包装器。您可能需要添加多个图层(例如,突出显示选定单元格的选择图层)
CellLayer.java
package com.fxgraph.graph;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
public class CellLayer extends Pane
现在您需要一个单元格布局。我建议创建一个简单的抽象类,它会随着您开发图形而得到扩展。
package com.fxgraph.layout.base;
public abstract class Layout
public abstract void execute();
为简单起见,这里有一个使用随机坐标的简单布局算法。当然,您必须做更复杂的事情,例如树形布局等。
RandomLayout.java
package com.fxgraph.layout.random;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Cell;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Graph;
import com.fxgraph.layout.base.Layout;
public class RandomLayout extends Layout
Graph graph;
Random rnd = new Random();
public RandomLayout(Graph graph)
this.graph = graph;
public void execute()
List<Cell> cells = graph.getModel().getAllCells();
for (Cell cell : cells)
double x = rnd.nextDouble() * 500;
double y = rnd.nextDouble() * 500;
cell.relocate(x, y);
示例如下所示:
您可以使用鼠标按钮拖动单元格并使用鼠标滚轮放大和缩小。
添加新的单元格类型就像创建 Cell 的子类一样简单:
package com.fxgraph.cells;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Cell;
public class ButtonCell extends Cell
public ButtonCell(String id)
super(id);
Button view = new Button(id);
setView(view);
package com.fxgraph.cells;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Cell;
public class ImageCell extends Cell
public ImageCell(String id)
super(id);
ImageView view = new ImageView("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Siberischer_tiger_de_edit02.jpg/800px-Siberischer_tiger_de_edit02.jpg");
view.setFitWidth(100);
view.setFitHeight(80);
setView(view);
package com.fxgraph.cells;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Cell;
public class LabelCell extends Cell
public LabelCell(String id)
super(id);
Label view = new Label(id);
setView(view);
package com.fxgraph.cells;
import javafx.scene.control.TitledPane;
import com.fxgraph.graph.Cell;
public class TitledPaneCell extends Cell
public TitledPaneCell(String id)
super(id);
TitledPane view = new TitledPane();
view.setPrefSize(100, 80);
setView(view);
并创建类型
package com.fxgraph.graph;
public enum CellType
RECTANGLE,
TRIANGLE,
LABEL,
IMAGE,
BUTTON,
TITLEDPANE
;
并根据类型创建实例:
...
public void addCell(String id, CellType type)
switch (type)
case RECTANGLE:
RectangleCell rectangleCell = new RectangleCell(id);
addCell(rectangleCell);
break;
case TRIANGLE:
TriangleCell circleCell = new TriangleCell(id);
addCell(circleCell);
break;
case LABEL:
LabelCell labelCell = new LabelCell(id);
addCell(labelCell);
break;
case IMAGE:
ImageCell imageCell = new ImageCell(id);
addCell(imageCell);
break;
case BUTTON:
ButtonCell buttonCell = new ButtonCell(id);
addCell(buttonCell);
break;
case TITLEDPANE:
TitledPaneCell titledPaneCell = new TitledPaneCell(id);
addCell(titledPaneCell);
break;
default:
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported type: " + type);
...
你会得到这个
【讨论】:
嗯..你太棒了。非常感谢! 为什么要添加一个图层选定的单元格,以将它们显示在其他所有内容之上? 用于选择矩形和其他不属于图形本身的内容。您不想在图形本身中添加选择 JavaFX Nodes 时乱七八糟。分层解决了这个问题。有了它,您还可以添加 e。 G。直接在矩形的角上调整指示器的大小。 非常好,感谢您的努力。我让它可以很好地处理来自数据库的数据 我为此创建了一个 github 存储库并将其推送到 maven Central。你可以在这里找到它:github.com/sirolf2009/fxgraph【参考方案2】:我遇到了同样的问题,我设法将 javascript vis.js 库与 JavaFX WebView 一起使用。
如果对某人有用,您可以在 github 上查看:https://github.com/arocketman/VisFX
【讨论】:
【参考方案3】:我会试试Prefux。它是Prefuse 项目的一个分支。
从 JavaFX 移植开始的原始存储库是 https://github.com/effrafax/Prefux,但维护最多的 fork 似乎是上面的那个 (https://github.com/jchildress/Prefux)。
另一个移植到 JavaFX 的尝试是在 https://github.com/gedeffe/Prefuse 开始的,但它不再处于活动状态。
【讨论】:
【参考方案4】:您可以使用jfreechart
api 来生成图形可视化
它提供线、饼图、条形图。而且非常好用。
【讨论】:
我会...但我不想为 JavaFX 使用 Swing 库。以上是关于JavaFX 中的图形可视化(如 yFiles)的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章