如何编辑使用 openssl xampp 创建的自签名证书？

Posted 2023-02-25

【中文标题】如何编辑使用 openssl xampp 创建的自签名证书？

【英文标题】：How do I edit a self signed certificate created using openssl xampp?

【发布时间】：2014-11-19 03:03:09

【问题描述】：

我使用 xampp 中内置的 openssl 创建了自己的自签名证书。但是，我想编辑通用名称，这可能吗？有谁知道我可以如何覆盖证书？

【参考方案1】：

但是，我想编辑公用名，这可能吗？有谁知道我可以如何覆盖证书？

这是不可能的本身。公用名 (CN) 位于已签名的证书部分，因此您不能简单地删除它而不使签名失效。

但是，您可以使用主题备用名称 (SAN)（而不是通用名称 (CN)）中的 DNS 名称生成新的证书请求或自签名证书。

在 SAN 中使用 DNS 名称创建自签名证书的技巧是您需要使用自定义配置文件。您无法仅使用命令行生成一个，因为 SAN 中的 DNS 名称没有复制。下面是我使用的自定义 CONF 文件（称为 example-com.conf）。

---

example-com.conf：

# Self Signed (note the addition of -x509):
#     openssl req -config example-com.conf -new -x509 -sha256 -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout example-com.key.pem -days 365 -out example-com.cert.pem
# Signing Request (note the lack of -x509):
#     openssl req -config example-com.conf -new -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout example-com.key.pem -days 365 -out example-com.req.pem
# Print it:
#     openssl x509 -in example-com.cert.pem -text -noout
#     openssl req -in example-com.req.pem -text -noout

[ req ]
default_bits        = 2048
default_keyfile     = server-key.pem
distinguished_name  = subject
req_extensions      = req_ext
x509_extensions     = x509_ext
string_mask         = utf8only

# The Subject DN can be formed using X501 or RFC 4514 (see RFC 4519 for a description).
#   Its sort of a mashup. For example, RFC 4514 does not provide emailAddress.
[ subject ]
countryName         = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default     = US

stateOrProvinceName     = State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default = NY

localityName            = Locality Name (eg, city)
localityName_default        = New York

organizationName         = Organization Name (eg, company)
organizationName_default    = Example, LLC

# Use a friendly name here because its presented to the user. The server's DNS
#   names are placed in Subject Alternate Names. Plus, DNS names here is deprecated
#   by both IETF and CA/Browser Forums. If you place a DNS name here, then you 
#   must include the DNS name in the SAN too (otherwise, Chrome and others that
#   strictly follow the CA/Browser Baseline Requirements will fail).
commonName          = Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name)
commonName_default      = Example Company

emailAddress            = Email Address
emailAddress_default        = [e-mail]

# Section x509_ext is used when generating a self-signed certificate. I.e., openssl req -x509 ...
[ x509_ext ]

subjectKeyIdentifier        = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier  = keyid,issuer

basicConstraints        = CA:FALSE
keyUsage            = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName          = @alternate_names
nsComment           = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"

# RFC 5280, Section 4.2.1.12 makes EKU optional
# CA/Browser Baseline Requirements, Appendix (B)(3)(G) makes me confused
# extendedKeyUsage  = serverAuth, clientAuth

# Section req_ext is used when generating a certificate signing request. I.e., openssl req ...
[ req_ext ]

subjectKeyIdentifier        = hash

basicConstraints        = CA:FALSE
keyUsage            = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName          = @alternate_names
nsComment           = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"

# RFC 5280, Section 4.2.1.12 makes EKU optional
# CA/Browser Baseline Requirements, Appendix (B)(3)(G) makes me confused
# extendedKeyUsage  = serverAuth, clientAuth

[ alternate_names ]

DNS.1       = example.com
DNS.2       = www.example.com
DNS.3       = mail.example.com
DNS.4       = ftp.example.com

# Add these if you need them. But usually you don't want them or
#   need them in production. You may need them for development.
# DNS.5       = localhost
# DNS.6       = localhost.localdomain
# DNS.7       = 127.0.0.1

# IPv6 localhost
# DNS.8     = ::1

【讨论】：

对不起，我的意思是“编辑”/更改证书的通用名称。不能创建一个新的来覆盖现有的吗？我想知道重新安装 xampp 然后再次创建证书是否会更容易..？

@fondillusions - 是的，您可以覆盖现有证书。只需确保更改 XAMPP 配置文件中的证书和私钥即可。无需重新安装 XAMPP。这就像在需要更换机油时购买新车一样。

太好了，谢谢！如何更改 XAMPP 配置文件中的证书和私钥？对不起，有点新手。我再次按照相同的步骤创建自签名证书..（肯定不对？）我收到一个错误 - 系统库：fopen：未知错误......

@fondillusions - 请参阅How do I use https (SSL) in XAMPP while using virtual hosts、Setting up SSL on a local xampp/apache server 和其他相关问题。