使用 pip 安装软件包时缺少头文件

Posted 2023-02-24

【中文标题】使用 pip 安装软件包时缺少头文件

【英文标题】：Missing header files while installing packages using pip

【发布时间】：2015-02-19 14:39:16

【问题描述】：

我试图让 mysql 与 django 一起工作。使用 pip 在 vi​​rtualenv 中安装所需的绑定会产生错误。

pip install MySQL-python

软件包已下载，但我收到以下错误消息，指出缺少头文件 my_config.h。

    (django)[jmathews@localhost pollsys]$ pip install MySQL-python
Downloading/unpacking MySQL-python
  Downloading MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip (108kB): 108kB downloaded
  Running setup.py (path:/home/jmathews/.virtualenvs/django/build/MySQL-python/setup.py) egg_info for package MySQL-python

Installing collected packages: MySQL-python
  Running setup.py install for MySQL-python
    building '_mysql' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Werror=format-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Werror=format-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,2,5,'final',1) -D__version__=1.2.5 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.o -g -pipe -Werror=format-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -fPIC -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -DMY_PTHREAD_FASTMUTEX=1
    _mysql.c:44:23: fatal error: my_config.h: No such file or directory
     #include "my_config.h"
                           ^
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    Complete output from command /home/jmathews/.virtualenvs/django/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/home/jmathews/.virtualenvs/django/build/MySQL-python/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-Qa0mhq-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/jmathews/.virtualenvs/django/include/site/python2.7:
    running install

running build

running build_py

creating build

creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7

copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7

creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb

copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb

copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb

copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb

copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb

copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb

copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb

creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants

copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants

copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants

copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants

copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants

copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants

copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants

copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants

running build_ext

building '_mysql' extension

creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7

gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Werror=format-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Werror=format-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,2,5,'final',1) -D__version__=1.2.5 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.o -g -pipe -Werror=format-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -fPIC -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -DMY_PTHREAD_FASTMUTEX=1

_mysql.c:44:23: fatal error: my_config.h: No such file or directory

 #include "my_config.h"

                       ^

compilation terminated.

error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Command /home/jmathews/.virtualenvs/django/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/home/jmathews/.virtualenvs/django/build/MySQL-python/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-Qa0mhq-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/jmathews/.virtualenvs/django/include/site/python2.7 failed with error code 1 in /home/jmathews/.virtualenvs/django/build/MySQL-python
Storing debug log for failure in /home/jmathews/.pip/pip.log

以下软件包已安装和更新。

yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ libxml2-devel libxslt-devel

我也跑了

yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Development Libraries"

问题仍然存在。是包有问题还是缺少任何依赖项？

【问题讨论】：

yum install mysql-devel

是的。它解决了这个问题。谢谢。

【参考方案1】：

你需要安装mysql库的头文件。 我不知道你的发行版，在 Ubuntu 上，包名是 libmysqlclient-dev。

顺便说一句，如果开始一个新项目，我会推荐 PostgreSQL 而不是 MySQL，因为对 MySQL 的支持充其量是不确定的。

编辑：原来事情发生了变化，现在有bindings for Python 3

【讨论】：

是的，安装 yum 对应的 mysql-devel 解决了这个问题。我正在运行 MySQL，因为我的项目涉及许多读取操作和 PostgreSQL，我了解到读取操作较慢。

【参考方案2】：

yum info mysql-devel

如果没有安装，请安装

yum install mysql-devel

现在试试

sudo pip install mysql-python

【参考方案3】：

安装 mysql-dev 也解决了我的问题。非常感谢！

【参考方案4】：

yum install mysql-devel 

然后

pip install MySQL-python