django & ajax 依赖的 html 选择列表(级联下拉列表)
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【中文标题】django & ajax 依赖的 html 选择列表(级联下拉列表)【英文标题】:django & ajax dependant html select lists (cascade drop down lists) 【发布时间】:2015-02-25 10:52:19 【问题描述】:我是 Django 新手(我使用的是 Django 1.4 和 python 2.7),无法理解如何完成以下问题。
我在 SO 和 Google 上做了很多搜索,到目前为止,我对如何解决这个问题感到非常困惑。
我在表单上有两个 html 选择列表 - 行业和部门。当用户从 Industry html 选择列表中选择 Engineering 时,Sector html 选择列表应该动态填充只有 Engineering 选项。与行业 html 选择列表中的其他选择相同。 Sector html 选择列表应该在不刷新页面的情况下动态填充 - 所以我假设必须使用 JQuery / AJAX。
我不太确定我是否正确设置了下面的 UserProfile 模型。 Industry & Sector html 选择列表出现在表单和工作中,但彼此不依赖 - 它们是单独的模型。PositiveIntegerField 字段。也许 Industry & Sector 值应该是下面 UserProfile 模型上的外键。 我需要一些建议。
这是我的用户 models.py 文件:
class UserProfile(models.Model):
SELECT_INDUSTRY = 0
ACCOUNTING = 1
ADMINISTRATION_OFFICE_SUPPORT = 2
BANKING_FINANCIAL_SERVICES = 3
CALL_CENTRE_CUSTOMER_SERVICE = 4
COMMUNITY_SERVICES_DEVELOPMENT = 5
CONSTRUCTION = 6
CONSULTING_STRATEGY = 7
DESIGN_ARCHITECTURE = 8
EDUCATION_TRAINING = 9
ENGINEERING = 10
EXECUTIVE_GENERAL_MANAGEMENT = 11
FARMING_ANIMALS_CONSERVATION = 12
GOVERNMENT_DEFENCE = 13
GRADUATE_ENTRY_LEVEL = 14
HEALTHCARE_MEDICAL = 15
HOSPITALITY_TRAVEL_TOURISM = 16
HUMAN_RESOURCES_RECRUITMENT = 17
INSURANCE_SUPERANNUATION = 18
INFORMATION_TECHNOLOGY_TELECOMMUNICATIONS = 19
LEGAL = 20
MANUFACTURING = 21
MARKETING_COMMUNICATIONS = 22
MEDIA_ADVERTISING_ARTS_ENTERTAINMENT = 23
MINING_RESOURCES_ENERGY = 24
REAL_ESTATE_PROPERTY = 25
RETAIL_CONSUMER_PRODUCTS = 26
SALES = 27
SCIENCE_TECHNOLOGY = 28
SELF_EMPLOYMENT = 29
SPORT_RECREATION = 30
TRADES_SERVICES = 31
TRANSPORT_LOGISTICS = 32
USER_PROFILE_CURRENT_INDUSTRY_TYPES = (
(SELECT_INDUSTRY, _('Select Current Industry')),
(ACCOUNTING, _('Accounting')),
(ADMINISTRATION_OFFICE_SUPPORT, _('Administration & Office Support')),
(BANKING_FINANCIAL_SERVICES, _('Banking & Financial Services')),
(CALL_CENTRE_CUSTOMER_SERVICE, _('Call Centre & Customer Service')),
(COMMUNITY_SERVICES_DEVELOPMENT, _('Community Services & Development')),
(CONSTRUCTION, _('Construction')),
(CONSULTING_STRATEGY, _('Consulting & Strategy')),
(DESIGN_ARCHITECTURE, _('Design & Architecture')),
(EDUCATION_TRAINING, _('Education & Training')),
(ENGINEERING, _('Engineering')),
(EXECUTIVE_GENERAL_MANAGEMENT, _('Executive & General Management')),
(FARMING_ANIMALS_CONSERVATION, _('Farming, Animals & Conservation')),
(GOVERNMENT_DEFENCE, _('Government & Defence')),
(GRADUATE_ENTRY_LEVEL, _('Graduate / Entry Level')),
(HEALTHCARE_MEDICAL, _('Healthcare & Medical')),
(HOSPITALITY_TRAVEL_TOURISM, _('Hospitality, Travel & Tourism')),
(HUMAN_RESOURCES_RECRUITMENT, _('Human Resources & Recruitment')),
(INSURANCE_SUPERANNUATION, _('Insurance & Superannuation')),
(INFORMATION_TECHNOLOGY_TELECOMMUNICATIONS, _('Information Technology & Telecommunications')),
(LEGAL, _('Legal')),
(MANUFACTURING, _('Manufacturing')),
(MARKETING_COMMUNICATIONS, _('Marketing & Communications')),
(MEDIA_ADVERTISING_ARTS_ENTERTAINMENT, _('Media, Advertising, Arts & Entertainment')),
(MINING_RESOURCES_ENERGY, _('Mining, Resources & Energy')),
(REAL_ESTATE_PROPERTY, _('Real Estate & Property')),
(RETAIL_CONSUMER_PRODUCTS, _('Retail & Consumer Products')),
(SALES, _('Sales')),
(SCIENCE_TECHNOLOGY, _('Science & Technology')),
(SELF_EMPLOYMENT, _('Self Employment')),
(SPORT_RECREATION, _('Sport & Recreation')),
(TRADES_SERVICES, _('Trades & Services')),
(TRANSPORT_LOGISTICS, _('Transport & Logistics'))
)
SELECT_SECTOR_TYPE = 0
_ALL_ACCOUNTING_JOBS = 1
....(culled for brevity)
_ALL_ENGINEERING_JOBS = 124
AEROSPACE_ENGINEERING = 125
AUTOMOTIVE_ENGINEERING = 126
BUILDING_SERVICES_ENGINEERING = 127
CHEMICAL_ENGINEERING = 128
CIVIL_STRUCTURAL_ENGINEERING = 129
ELECTRICAL_ELECTRONIC_ENGINEERING = 130
ENGINEERING_DRAFTING = 131
ENVIRONMENTAL_ENGINEERING = 132
FIELD_ENGINEERING = 133
INDUSTRIAL_ENGINEERING = 134
MAINTENANCE = 135
MANAGEMENT = 136
MATERIALS_HANDLING_ENGINEERING = 137
MECHANICAL_ENGINEERING = 138
PROCESS_ENGINEERING = 139
PROJECT_ENGINEERING = 140
PROJECT_MANAGEMENT = 141
SUPERVISORS = 142
SYSTEMS_ENGINEERING = 143
WATER_WASTE_ENGINEERING = 144
OTHER_ENGINEERING_JOBS = 145
_ALL_EXECUTIVE_GENERAL_MANAGEMENT_JOBS = 146
....(culled for brevity)
OTHER_TRANSPORT_LOGISTICS_JOBS = 462
USER_PROFILE_CURRENT_SECTOR_TYPES = (
(SELECT_SECTOR_TYPE, _('Select Current Sector')),
.......(culled for brevity)
(OTHER_TRANSPORT_LOGISTICS_JOBS, _('Other Transport & Logistics Jobs'))
)
user = models.OneToOneField(User)
....(culled for brevity)
current_industry_type = models.PositiveIntegerField(choices=USER_PROFILE_CURRENT_INDUSTRY_TYPES, default=SELECT_INDUSTRY, validators=[MinValueValidator(1)])
current_sector_type = models.PositiveIntegerField(choices=USER_PROFILE_CURRENT_SECTOR_TYPES, default=SELECT_SECTOR_TYPE, validators=[MinValueValidator(1)])
....(culled for brevity)
.
我见过django-smart-selects,但我不确定这是一个动态解决方案,我不确定是否必须为 Industry & Sector 添加单独的模型,然后将 Industry & Sector 的外键添加到上面的 UserProfile 模型。
我希望我可以通过 AJAX 或 JQuery 轻松获得相互依赖的 Industry & Sector html 选择列表。
我们将不胜感激任何建议和帮助。
【问题讨论】:
【参考方案1】:当我遇到这个问题时,我使用 AJAX 来创建 2 个选择依赖项。首先,我使用 Django 表单,例如:
# I avoid the importation of the choices to make answer shorter
class YourForm(forms.Form):
industry = forms.ChoiceField(choices=USER_PROFILE_CURRENT_INDUSTRY_TYPES)
sector = forms.ChoiceField(choices=USER_PROFILE_CURRENT_SECTOR_TYPES)
# ... other fields
我将避免视图的基础知识(如何管理 GET/POST 方法)和基本的 HTML django 表单,我将直接进入 AJAX 功能:
假设选择器 ID 为:#id_sector
和 #id_industry
function get_industry()
jQuery.ajax(
async: false,
type: "POST",
url: "/a/get/industry/",
data: "sector_id=" + $('#id_sector').val(),
success: function(response)
result = JSON.parse(response);
if (result)
// I usually receive a list of items here
// I use this list to replace the dependant select
$('#id_industry').empty() // Use to empty the select
// Now we append the industry options we've received
for(var i=0;i < result.item_list.length;i++)
$('#id_industry').append($('<option>',
value: result.item_list[i]['id'],
text: result.item_list[i]['name']
));
else
console.log('error');
);
function get_sector()
jQuery.ajax(
async: false,
type: "POST",
url: "/a/get/sector/",
data: "industry_id=" + $('#id_industry').val(),
success: function(response)
result = JSON.parse(response);
if (result)
$('#id_sector').empty() // Use to empty the select
// Now we append the sector options we've received
for(var i=0;i < result.item_list.length;i++)
$('#id_sector').append($('<option>',
value: result.item_list[i]['id'],
text: result.item_list[i]['name']
));
else
console.log('error');
);
现在我将展示 AJAX 视图。您可以在名为 ajax.py 的文件中设置 AJAX 视图:
from yourapp.models import USER_PROFILE_CURRENT_SECTOR_TYPES
INDUSTRY_DICT =
4: range(14,36),
5: range(36,58),
6: range(58,80),
7: range(80,102),
8: range(102,124),
10: range(124,146) # This is the only true equivalence that you passed to me
@csrf_exempt
def get_sectors(request):
response = []
industry_id = int(request.POST['industry_id'])
# With the sector_id you know wich sector the user has selected
# You should generate the list based in your needs
data = []
if industry_id:
sectors = INDUSTRY_DICT[industry_id] # This return a list of ID's of sectors
# Then make loop over all sectors
for sector_id in sectors:
# To get the sector name you should use another dict
# I think you already have it in USER_PROFILE_CURRENT_SECTOR_TYPES
# Remember to import it (check above)
sector_name = USER_PROFILE_CURRENT_SECTOR_TYPES[sector_id]
# We append the id and the name to replace options in the HTML
data.append('id':sector_id, 'name':sector_name)
response = 'item_list':data # We send back the list
return HttpResponse(simplejson.dumps(response))
# If we get any error, or cannot get the sector, we send an empty response
response =
return HttpResponse(simplejson.dumps(response))
我将避免添加第二个 AJAX 函数 'get_sectors
' 因为我假设你理解逻辑,它应该与这个函数相同,但你会收到 industry_id
而不是sector_id
,我认为你可以面对第二个功能。
设置 url 之前的最后一步是定义管理选择更改并调用 AJAX 函数的函数:
$("#id_sector").change(function()
get_industry(); // AJAX function call when sector is selected
);
$("#id_industry").change(function()
get_sector(); // AJAX function call when industry is selected
);
您需要在 urls.py 中添加两个网址:
# ... YOUR OTHER URLS
url(r'^a/get/industry/?$', 'yourproject.ajax.get_industries', name='get_industries'),
url(r'^a/get/sector/?$', 'yourproject.ajax.get_sectors', name='get_sectors'),
提示:
当您看到$('#id_industry')
时,这指的是行业选择器ID,与$('#id_sector')
指的是行业选择器ID 相同
我称之为 AJAX 函数进入 HTML 模板
我所说的 AJAX 视图 放在.py
文件中,我通常将 AJAX 视图添加到 ajax.py
文件中
对于这个例子,我在 AJAX 视图 中添加了@csrf_exempt
,如果您想知道如何在 AJAX 函数中管理 CSRF 令牌 ,你可以去:CSRF & AJAX: Official Docs
在 AJAX 视图中有用户选择的 Sector:
您需要生成行业列表
该列表将用于生成 select 的选项
您可以通过多种不同的方式执行此操作,您应该选择更适合您的场景的一种。
我正在发送 ID,但如果对您更有利,您可以发送姓名
编辑:过滤部门/行业
get_industries(request)
改为get_sectors(request)
首先你应该有等价物,你可以用不同的方式拥有它们,你可以有 2 个模型 Industry 和 Sector,并使用外键关联它们,但我认为你没有模型,所以你可以有 2 个字典,一种用于行业,一种用于行业。
我会假设等价,您应该将 dict 的值更改为您需要的值:
INDUSTRY_DICT =
4: range(14,36),
5: range(36,58),
6: range(58,80),
7: range(80,102),
8: range(102,124),
10: range(124,146) # This is the only equivalence that you passed to me
这将生成一个字典,如果您执行INDUSTRY_DICT[industry_id]
,它将返回应该出现在选择中的扇区的 ID 列表。检查上面的函数是否有新的变化。
【讨论】:
Liarez,感谢您提供如此详细的答案。不知道如何编写代码: # 在这里您应该添加代码以获取行业 # 我假设您将使用部门来过滤行业 # 您应该在变量“行业”中获取行业列表。我不确定如何获取行业列表然后过滤行业。如果您能为我提供答案,我可以提出赏金问题。 @user3354539 你应该在这部分做的是过滤基于一个部门的行业。如果您告诉我使用一个部门过滤行业的逻辑,反之亦然,我可以完成该功能 Liarez,如果用户选择行业值 10 - Engineering,则应填充行业选择列表的行业是 124 到 145 的行业值。我不确定如何关联这两个值(10和 124-145) 在一起。 @user3354539 好的!给我几分钟,我会添加剩下的部分,我只是添加一个小例子,你应该多实现一点,但你会知道怎么做 @user3354539 检查答案底部的编辑,以及函数 get_sectors 的更改以上是关于django & ajax 依赖的 html 选择列表(级联下拉列表)的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
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