生成 SEO 友好的 URL（slug）[关闭]
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【中文标题】生成 SEO 友好的 URL（slug）[关闭]【英文标题】：Generate SEO friendly URLs (slugs) [closed] 【发布时间】：2011-07-15 10:06:31 【问题描述】：定义
来自Wikipedia：
slug 是 URL 的一部分，它使用 人类可读的关键字。
为了方便用户键入 URL，通常会使用特殊字符 删除或更换为好。例如，重音字符是 通常用英文字母代替；标点 标记通常被去除；和空格（必须编码为 %20 或 +) 被破折号 (-) 或下划线 (_) 替换，它们是 更美观。
上下文
我开发了一个照片分享网站，用户可以在上面上传、分享和查看照片。
所有页面都是自动生成的，无需我掌握标题。因为照片的标题或用户名可能包含重音字符或空格，所以我需要一个函数来自动创建 slug 并保持可读的 URL。
我创建了以下函数，它替换重音字符 (âèêëçî)、删除标点符号和坏字符 (#@&~^!) 并转换破折号中的空格。
问题
你觉得这个功能怎么样？ 您知道创建 slug 的其他函数吗？代码
php:
function sluggable($str)
$before = array(
'àáâãäåòóôõöøèéêëðçìíîïùúûüñšž',
'/[^a-z0-9\s]/',
array('/\s/', '/--+/', '/---+/')
);
$after = array(
'aaaaaaooooooeeeeeciiiiuuuunsz',
'',
'-'
);
$str = strtolower($str);
$str = strtr($str, $before[0], $after[0]);
$str = preg_replace($before[1], $after[1], $str);
$str = trim($str);
$str = preg_replace($before[2], $after[2], $str);
return $str;
【问题讨论】：
法国人喜欢蜗牛a' la escargot 喜欢使用已经完成的代码：code.google.com/p/php-slugs ? 您可能想在此处删除此问题并在codereview.stackexchange.com 上重新发布，因为那里的反馈和改进更主题化。 @maniator: wiki: Slug 法语中没有 áâãäåòóõöøðìíñšž。 （瑞典、捷克等，但不是法语。） 【参考方案1】：我喜欢谷歌代码解决方案中的 php-slugs 代码。但如果你想要一个更简单的支持 UTF-8 的：
function format_uri( $string, $separator = '-' )
$accents_regex = '~&([a-z]1,2)(?:acute|cedil|circ|grave|lig|orn|ring|slash|th|tilde|uml);~i';
$special_cases = array( '&' => 'and', "'" => '');
$string = mb_strtolower( trim( $string ), 'UTF-8' );
$string = str_replace( array_keys($special_cases), array_values( $special_cases), $string );
$string = preg_replace( $accents_regex, '$1', htmlentities( $string, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8' ) );
$string = preg_replace("/[^a-z0-9]/u", "$separator", $string);
$string = preg_replace("/[$separator]+/u", "$separator", $string);
return $string;
所以
echo format_uri("#@&~^!âèêëçî");
输出
-and-aeeeci
【讨论】：
Here's 被转换为here-039-s。更好的选择是简单地删除撇号。【参考方案2】：
有些人已经链接到 google.com 上的“php-slugs”，但现在他们的页面看起来有点乱，所以如果有人需要，这里是：
// source: https://code.google.com/archive/p/php-slugs/
function my_str_split($string)
$slen=strlen($string);
for($i=0; $i<$slen; $i++)
$sArray[$i]=$string$i;
return $sArray;
function noDiacritics($string)
//cyrylic transcription
$cyrylicFrom = array('А', 'Б', 'В', 'Г', 'Д', 'Е', 'Ё', 'Ж', 'З', 'И', 'Й', 'К', 'Л', 'М', 'Н', 'О', 'П', 'Р', 'С', 'Т', 'У', 'Ф', 'Х', 'Ц', 'Ч', 'Ш', 'Щ', 'Ъ', 'Ы', 'Ь', 'Э', 'Ю', 'Я', 'а', 'б', 'в', 'г', 'д', 'е', 'ё', 'ж', 'з', 'и', 'й', 'к', 'л', 'м', 'н', 'о', 'п', 'р', 'с', 'т', 'у', 'ф', 'х', 'ц', 'ч', 'ш', 'щ', 'ъ', 'ы', 'ь', 'э', 'ю', 'я');
$cyrylicTo = array('A', 'B', 'W', 'G', 'D', 'Ie', 'Io', 'Z', 'Z', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'F', 'Ch', 'C', 'Tch', 'Sh', 'Shtch', '', 'Y', '', 'E', 'Iu', 'Ia', 'a', 'b', 'w', 'g', 'd', 'ie', 'io', 'z', 'z', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'f', 'ch', 'c', 'tch', 'sh', 'shtch', '', 'y', '', 'e', 'iu', 'ia');
$from = array("Á", "À", "Â", "Ä", "Ă", "Ā", "Ã", "Å", "Ą", "Æ", "Ć", "Ċ", "Ĉ", "Č", "Ç", "Ď", "Đ", "Ð", "É", "È", "Ė", "Ê", "Ë", "Ě", "Ē", "Ę", "Ə", "Ġ", "Ĝ", "Ğ", "Ģ", "á", "à", "â", "ä", "ă", "ā", "ã", "å", "ą", "æ", "ć", "ċ", "ĉ", "č", "ç", "ď", "đ", "ð", "é", "è", "ė", "ê", "ë", "ě", "ē", "ę", "ə", "ġ", "ĝ", "ğ", "ģ", "Ĥ", "Ħ", "I", "Í", "Ì", "İ", "Î", "Ï", "Ī", "Į", "IJ", "Ĵ", "Ķ", "Ļ", "Ł", "Ń", "Ň", "Ñ", "Ņ", "Ó", "Ò", "Ô", "Ö", "Õ", "Ő", "Ø", "Ơ", "Œ", "ĥ", "ħ", "ı", "í", "ì", "i", "î", "ï", "ī", "į", "ij", "ĵ", "ķ", "ļ", "ł", "ń", "ň", "ñ", "ņ", "ó", "ò", "ô", "ö", "õ", "ő", "ø", "ơ", "œ", "Ŕ", "Ř", "Ś", "Ŝ", "Š", "Ş", "Ť", "Ţ", "Þ", "Ú", "Ù", "Û", "Ü", "Ŭ", "Ū", "Ů", "Ų", "Ű", "Ư", "Ŵ", "Ý", "Ŷ", "Ÿ", "Ź", "Ż", "Ž", "ŕ", "ř", "ś", "ŝ", "š", "ş", "ß", "ť", "ţ", "þ", "ú", "ù", "û", "ü", "ŭ", "ū", "ů", "ų", "ű", "ư", "ŵ", "ý", "ŷ", "ÿ", "ź", "ż", "ž");
$to = array("A", "A", "A", "AE", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "AE", "C", "C", "C", "C", "C", "D", "D", "D", "E", "E", "E", "E", "E", "E", "E", "E", "G", "G", "G", "G", "G", "a", "a", "a", "ae", "ae", "a", "a", "a", "a", "ae", "c", "c", "c", "c", "c", "d", "d", "d", "e", "e", "e", "e", "e", "e", "e", "e", "g", "g", "g", "g", "g", "H", "H", "I", "I", "I", "I", "I", "I", "I", "I", "IJ", "J", "K", "L", "L", "N", "N", "N", "N", "O", "O", "O", "OE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "CE", "h", "h", "i", "i", "i", "i", "i", "i", "i", "i", "ij", "j", "k", "l", "l", "n", "n", "n", "n", "o", "o", "o", "oe", "o", "o", "o", "o", "o", "R", "R", "S", "S", "S", "S", "T", "T", "T", "U", "U", "U", "UE", "U", "U", "U", "U", "U", "U", "W", "Y", "Y", "Y", "Z", "Z", "Z", "r", "r", "s", "s", "s", "s", "ss", "t", "t", "b", "u", "u", "u", "ue", "u", "u", "u", "u", "u", "u", "w", "y", "y", "y", "z", "z", "z");
$from = array_merge($from, $cyrylicFrom);
$to = array_merge($to, $cyrylicTo);
$newstring=str_replace($from, $to, $string);
return $newstring;
function makeSlugs($string, $maxlen=0)
$newStringTab=array();
$string=strtolower(noDiacritics($string));
if(function_exists('str_split'))
$stringTab=str_split($string);
else
$stringTab=my_str_split($string);
$numbers=array("0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","-");
//$numbers=array("0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9");
foreach($stringTab as $letter)
if(in_array($letter, range("a", "z")) || in_array($letter, $numbers))
$newStringTab[]=$letter;
elseif($letter==" ")
$newStringTab[]="-";
if(count($newStringTab))
$newString=implode($newStringTab);
if($maxlen>0)
$newString=substr($newString, 0, $maxlen);
$newString = removeDuplicates('--', '-', $newString);
else
$newString='';
return $newString;
function checkSlug($sSlug)
if(preg_match("/^[a-zA-Z0-9]+[a-zA-Z0-9\-]*$/", $sSlug) == 1)
return true;
return false;
function removeDuplicates($sSearch, $sReplace, $sSubject)
$i=0;
do
$sSubject=str_replace($sSearch, $sReplace, $sSubject);
$pos=strpos($sSubject, $sSearch);
$i++;
if($i>100)
die('removeDuplicates() loop error');
while($pos!==false);
return $sSubject;
【讨论】：
与其提供大量可怕且不完整的替换列表，不如规范化字符串，然后删除非 ascii 字符 @BlueRaja-DannyPflughoeft 由于这是 Google 的原始代码，我不打算对其进行编辑。我鼓励您通过改进此代码添加另一个答案。 我编辑了德语变音符号的匹配。我认为 Ä 应该是 AE、Ü UE 等等。 @SirDerpington 我想知道这个答案是否应该是可编辑的，因为它实际上是code.google.com/archive/p/php-slugs的复制粘贴 @rybo111 是的，我知道你的意思。我认为应该是因为 - 我不知道为什么 - $to 和 $from 数组中的某些字符丢失了。它只是说“？”而不是实际的字符。【参考方案3】： setlocale(LC_ALL, 'en_US.UTF8');
function slugify($text)
// replace non letter or digits by -
$text = preg_replace('~[^\\pL\d]+~u', '-', $text);
// trim
$text = trim($text, '-');
// transliterate
$text = iconv('utf-8', 'us-ascii//TRANSLIT', $text);
// lowercase
$text = strtolower($text);
// remove unwanted characters
$text = preg_replace('~[^-\w]+~', '', $text);
if (empty($text))
return 'n-a';
return $text;
$slug = slugify($var);
【讨论】：
【参考方案4】：我在网上找到了这个，完全按照你的意愿做，但保留了情况。
function sluggable($p)
$ts = array("/[À-Å]/","/Æ/","/Ç/","/[È-Ë]/","/[Ì-Ï]/","/Ð/","/Ñ/","/[Ò-ÖØ]/","/×/","/[Ù-Ü]/","/[Ý-ß]/","/[à-å]/","/æ/","/ç/","/[è-ë]/","/[ì-ï]/","/ð/","/ñ/","/[ò-öø]/","/÷/","/[ù-ü]/","/[ý-ÿ]/");
$tn = array("A","AE","C","E","I","D","N","O","X","U","Y","a","ae","c","e","i","d","n","o","x","u","y");
return preg_replace($ts,$tn, $p);
source
【讨论】：
这不是很健壮，因为它只能处理列出的字符。西里尔文呢？希伯来语？其他晦涩的非 ASCII 符号，例如²、º、‘ 等？
但是 preg_replace() 比 strtr() 慢。【参考方案5】：
这真的很好用。返回正确的干净 url slug。
$string = '(1234) S*m@#ith S)&+*t `Exam)ple?>land - - 1!_2)#3)(*4""5';
// remove all non alphanumeric characters except spaces
$clean = preg_replace('/[^a-zA-Z0-9\s]/', '', strtolower($string));
// replace one or multiple spaces into single dash (-)
$clean = preg_replace('!\s+!', '-', $clean);
echo $clean; // 1234-smith-st-exampleland-12345
【讨论】：
这段代码会导致消除所有不在正则表达式中的字符，它就像一个白名单解决方案。但要小心，因为大多数国际程序员都需要一种将“cafe”转换为“cafe”而不是像这段代码那样转换为“caf”的解决方案。【参考方案6】：function seourl($phrase, $maxLength = 100000000000000)
$result = strtolower($phrase);
$result = preg_replace("~[^A-Za-z0-9-\s]~", "", $result);
$result = trim(preg_replace("~[\s-]+~", " ", $result));
$result = trim(substr($result, 0, $maxLength));
$result = preg_replace("~\s~", "-", $result);
return $result;
【讨论】：
【参考方案7】：function remove_accents($string)
$a = 'ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõöøùúûýýþÿŔŕ';
$b = 'aaaaaaaceeeeiiiidnoooooouuuuybsaaaaaaaceeeeiiiidnoooooouuuyybyRr';
$string = strtr(utf8_decode($string), utf8_decode($a), $b);
return utf8_encode($string);
function format_slug($title)
$title = remove_accents($title);
$title = trim(strtolower($title));
$title = preg_replace('#[^a-z0-9\\-/]#i', '_', $title);
return trim(preg_replace('/-+/', '-', $title), '-/');
使用：回显 format_slug($var);
【讨论】：
【参考方案8】：这是我们使用的类，虽然它可以执行单独的操作，但它也能够将字符串（或路径）转换为 slug 版本（只有 a-z、0-9 和 - 在最终版本中输出）。它还做了一些额外的事情，例如将 & 符号 (&) 转换为单词 and。
用法：
echo (new Str('My Cover Letter & Résumé'))->slugify()->__toString();
我的求职信和简历
Str类：
<?php
use RuntimeException;
use Transliterator;
class Str
/**
* Will hold an instance of Transliterator
* for removing accents from characters.
* Same instance for all instances of this class is fine.
*/
private static $accent_transliterator;
private $string;
public function __construct(string $string)
$this->string = $string;
public function __toString()
return $this->string;
public function cleanForUrlPath(): self
$path = '';
// Loop through path sections (separated by `/`)
// and slugify each section.
foreach (explode('/', $this->string) as $section)
$section = (new static($section))->slugify()->__toString();
if ($section !== '')
$path .= "/$section";
// Save the cleaned path
$this->string = "$path/";
return $this;
public function cleanUpSlugDashes(): self
// Remove extra dashes
$this->string = preg_replace('/--+/', '-', $this->string);
// Remove leading and trailing dashes
$this->string = trim($this->string, '-');
return $this;
/**
* Replace symbols with word replacements.
* Eg, `&` becomes ` and `.
*/
public function convertSymbolsToWords(): self
$this->string = strtr($this->string, [
'@' => ' at ',
'%' => ' percent ',
'&' => ' and ',
]);
return $this;
public static function getSpacerCharacters(
array $with = [],
array $without = []
): array
return array_unique(array_diff(array_merge([
' ', // space
'…', // ellipsis
'–', // en dash
'—', // em dash
'/', // slash
'\\', // backslash
':', // colon
';', // semi-colon
'.', // period
'+', // plus sign
'#', // pound sign
'~', // tilde
'_', // underscore
'|', // pipe
], array_values($with)), array_values($without)));
public function lower(): self
$this->string = strtolower($this->string);
return $this;
/**
* Replaces all accented characters
* with similar ASCII characters.
*/
public function removeAccents(): self
// If no accented characters are found,
// return the given string as-is.
if (!preg_match('/[\x80-\xff]/', $this->string))
return $this;
// Instantiate Transliterator if we haven't already
if (!isset(self::$accent_transliterator))
self::$accent_transliterator = Transliterator::create(
'Any-Latin; Latin-ASCII;'
);
if (self::$accent_transliterator === null)
// @codeCoverageIgnoreStart
throw new RuntimeException(
'Could not create a transliterator'
);
// @codeCoverageIgnoreEnd
// Save transliterated string
$this->string = (self::$accent_transliterator)->transliterate(
$this->string
);
return $this;
public function replace($search, $replace)
$this->string = str_replace($search, $replace, $this->string);
return $this;
public function replaceRegex($pattern, $replacement): self
$this->string = preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $this->string);
return $this;
/**
* @param int $length number of bytes to shorten the string to
*/
public function shorten(int $length): self
// If the string is already `$length` or shorter,
// return it as-is.
if (strlen($this->string) <= $length)
return $this;
// Shorten by 2 additional characters
// to account for the three periods that are appended.
// Only need to shorten by 2
// as there's always at least one character (space) removed
// when the last word is popped off of the array.
$length -= 2;
// Shorten the string to `$length` and split into words
$words = explode(' ', substr($this->string, 0, $length));
// Discard the last word as it's a partial word,
// or empty if the last character happened to be a space.
// If there's only one word,
// then it was longer than `$length`
// and the truncated version should be returned.
if (count($words) > 1)
array_pop($words);
// Save the shortened string with "..." appended
$this->string = rtrim(implode(' ', $words), ':').'...';
return $this;
public function slugify(): self
// If the string is already a slug
if (preg_match('/^[a-z0-9\\-]+$/', $this->string))
return $this;
// - Normalize accents
// - Normalize symbols
// - Lowercase
// - Replace space characters with dashes
// - Remove non-slug characters
// - Clean up leading, trailing, and consecutive dashes
return $this
->removeAccents()
->convertSymbolsToWords()
->lower()
->spacersToDashes()
->replaceRegex('/([^a-z0-9\\-]+)/', '')
->cleanUpSlugDashes();
public function spacersToDashes(): self
return $this->replace(static::getSpacerCharacters(), '-');
【讨论】：
@NorbertBoros 我发布这篇文章已经 7 年多了，虽然大部分内容保持不变（一些清理并将其放入一个独立的类中），但最大的变化是remove_accents() 已被完全重写以利用 PHP's Transliterator class。保留第一个if 语句，然后函数的其余部分可以替换为$transliterator = Transliterator::create('Any-Latin; Latin-ASCII;'); return $transliterator->transliterate($string);。我也会尝试更新答案。
我实际上将$transliterator 保存到班级以避免每次都重建它。
@NorbertBoros 回答更新如果你想要清理版本。乍一看，我认为它适用于 PHP 7.0+。
谢谢！我会尽快测试它。以上是关于生成 SEO 友好的 URL（slug）[关闭]的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
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