如何使用最新的 Azure SDK .NET API v12 在 Blob 上获取共享访问签名?

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【中文标题】如何使用最新的 Azure SDK .NET API v12 在 Blob 上获取共享访问签名?【英文标题】:How to get a Shared Access Signature on a Blob using the latest Azure SDK .NET API v12? 【发布时间】:2020-03-25 20:26:12 【问题描述】:

我曾经能够使用 v11 Azure SDK API 在 Blob 上创建共享访问签名,如下所示:

var containerName = "mycontainer";
var blobName = "myblob";

CloudStorageAccount storageAccount 
 = CloudStorageAccount.Parse(<StorageConnectionString>);

CloudBlobClient blobClient = storageAccount.CreateCloudBlobClient();

CloudBlobContainer container = blobClient.GetContainerReference(containerName);


SharedAccessBlobPermissions permission = SharedAccessBlobPermissions.Read;

TimeSpan clockSkew = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(15d);
TimeSpan accessDuration = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(15d);

var blobSAS = new SharedAccessBlobPolicy

    SharedAccessStartTime = DateTime.UtcNow.Subtract(clockSkew),
    SharedAccessExpiryTime = DateTime.UtcNow.Add(accessDuration) + clockSkew,
    Permissions = permissions
;

CloudBlockBlob blob = container.GetBlockBlobReference(blobName);

string sasBlobToken = blob.GetSharedAccessSignature(blobSAS);

...

我想使用最新的 v12 .NET API,它似乎将 CloudBlobClient 替换为 BlobServiceClientCloudBlobContainer 替换为 BlobContainerClientCloudBlockBlob 替换为 BlobClient

但是CloudBlockBlob 实例上可用的方法GetSharedAccessSignatureBlobClient 实例上不可用。

问题

如何使用最新的 Azure SDK .NET API v12 从BlobClient 实例获取共享访问签名?

【问题讨论】:

【参考方案1】:

Sajeetharan 的回答让我寻找一个实际存在的 BlobSasBuilder 类。

这是我如何在服务器上构建一个:

//  Creates a client to the BlobService using the connection string.
var blobServiceClient = new BlobServiceClient(storageConnectionString);

//  Gets a reference to the container.
var blobContainerClient = blobServiceClient.GetBlobContainerClient(<ContainerName>);

//  Gets a reference to the blob in the container
BlobClient blobClient = containerClient.GetBlobClient(<BlobName>);

//  Defines the resource being accessed and for how long the access is allowed.
var blobSasBuilder = new BlobSasBuilder

    StartsOn = DateTime.UtcNow.Subtract(clockSkew), 
    ExpiresOn = DateTime.UtcNow.Add(accessDuration) + clockSkew,
    BlobContainerName = <ContainerName>,
    BlobName = <BlobName>,
;
    
//  Defines the type of permission.
blobSasBuilder.SetPermissions(BlobSasPermissions.Write);
       
//  Builds an instance of StorageSharedKeyCredential      
var storageSharedKeyCredential = new StorageSharedKeyCredential(<AccountName>, <AccountKey>);

//  Builds the Sas URI.
BlobSasQueryParameters sasQueryParameters = blobSasBuilder.ToSasQueryParameters(storageSharedKeyCredential);

这里是如何在客户端使用它:

//  Builds the URI to the blob storage.
UriBuilder fullUri = new UriBuilder()

    Scheme = "https",
    Host = string.Format("0.blob.core.windows.net", <AccountName>),
    Path = string.Format("0/1", <ContainerName>, <BlobName>),
    Query = sasQueryParameters.ToString()
;

//  Get an instance of BlobClient using the URI.
var blobClient = new BlobClient(fullUri.Uri, null);

//  Upload stuff in the blob.
await blobClient.UploadAsync(stream);

附录

正如@one2012 在 cmets 中提到的,a page has been put up few months later 在此答案之后展示了 Azure.Storage 命名空间中的所有功能。该链接可用于获取更多信息。

更新

在服务器端,我有一个 Azure 函数,它现在将 Azure 存储与函数的托管标识连接起来。当我连接存储时,我不再使用帐户,只使用存储的端点:

BlobContainerClient blobContainerClient = new(new Uri(containerEndpoint), new DefaultAzureCredential());  

这使得初始服务器代码的以下部分有点棘手,因为我曾经使用CloudStorageAccount.Credentials.GetExportKeys() 方法来获取帐户的密钥。使用托管身份时,我似乎无法再访问它了:

//  Builds an instance of StorageSharedKeyCredential      
    var storageSharedKeyCredential = new StorageSharedKeyCredential(<AccountName>, <AccountKey>);

事实证明我必须使用 User Delegation 来构建 SAS Uri:

...
BlobServiceClient blobServiceClient = blobClient.GetParentBlobContainerClient().GetParentBlobServiceClient();

UserDelegationKey userDelegationKey = await blobServiceClient.GetUserDelegationKeyAsync
(
    DateTimeOffset.UtcNow,
    DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddMinutes(5d)
);
            
BlobUriBuilder blobUriBuilder = new (blobClient.Uri)

    // Specify the user delegation key.
    Sas = blobSasBuilder.ToSasQueryParameters(userDelegationKey, blobServiceClient.AccountName)
;

string uri = blobUriBuilder.ToUri();

    

【讨论】:

我找不到从连接字符串而不是使用 AccountName 和 AccountKey 获取 storageSharedKeyCredential 的方法。你知道吗? @benjamin var csBuilder = new DbConnectionStringBuilder(); csBuilder.ConnectionString = _configuration.GetConnectionString("MyCS"); var storageSharedKeyCredential = new StorageSharedKeyCredential( (string)csBuilder["AccountName"], (string)csBuilder["AccountKey"]); 如果你要迁移到 Azure.Storage 命名空间,这个页面是我发现的最有用的东西craftedforeveryone.com/… 您,先生,救了我的命和我的心理健康 我花了一段时间才发现我的 SDK 已经过时了。此版本或更高版本支持此答案中的所有功能:【参考方案2】:

经过大量搜索,我找到了一些关于此的 Microsoft 文档:https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/storage-blob-user-delegation-sas-create-dotnet

此详细信息使用用户委托密钥生成 SAS 而不是帐户密钥,但更改只是对 .ToSasQueryParameters() 的不同重载,如其他答案中所述。

文章中的一些关键 sn-ps 可以将其连接起来。首先创建你的 BlobServiceClient:

// Construct the blob endpoint from the account name.
string blobEndpoint = string.Format("https://0.blob.core.windows.net", accountName);

// Create a new Blob service client with Azure AD credentials.
BlobServiceClient blobClient = new BlobServiceClient(new Uri(blobEndpoint),
                                                     new DefaultAzureCredential());

获取用户委托密钥,这将用于生成 SAS:

// Get a user delegation key for the Blob service that's valid for seven days.
// You can use the key to generate any number of shared access signatures over the lifetime of the key.
UserDelegationKey key = await blobClient.GetUserDelegationKeyAsync(DateTimeOffset.UtcNow,
                                                                   DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(7));

最后创建 SAS URI:

// Create a SAS token that's valid for one hour.
BlobSasBuilder sasBuilder = new BlobSasBuilder()

    BlobContainerName = containerName,
    BlobName = blobName,
    Resource = "b",
    StartsOn = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow,
    ExpiresOn = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddHours(1)
;

// Specify read permissions for the SAS.
sasBuilder.SetPermissions(BlobSasPermissions.Read);

// Use the key to get the SAS token.
string sasToken = sasBuilder.ToSasQueryParameters(key, accountName).ToString();

// Construct the full URI, including the SAS token.
UriBuilder fullUri = new UriBuilder()

    Scheme = "https",
    Host = string.Format("0.blob.core.windows.net", accountName),
    Path = string.Format("0/1", containerName, blobName),
    Query = sasToken
;

【讨论】:

【参考方案3】:

使用适用于 .NET 的 Azure Blob 存储客户端库 v12:

BlobSasBuilder blobSasBuilder = new BlobSasBuilder()

    BlobContainerName = blobContainerName,
    BlobName = blobName,
    Resource = "b", //b = blob, c = container
    StartsOn = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow,
    ExpiresOn = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddMinutes(lifetimeMinutes)
;

blobSasBuilder.SetPermissions(BlobSasPermissions.Read);

StorageSharedKeyCredential storageSharedKeyCredential = new StorageSharedKeyCredential(accountName, accountKey);

string sas = blobSasBuilder.ToSasQueryParameters(storageSharedKeyCredential).ToString();

如果必须根据分配给容器的访问策略生成共享访问签名(SAS 令牌),请使用以下方法

BlobSasBuilder blobSasBuilder = new BlobSasBuilder()

    BlobContainerName = blobContainerName,
    BlobName = blobName,
    Resource = "b", //b = blob, c = container
    Identifier = "ReadOnlyPolicy" //string value referees to the access policy created and assigned to the container.
;

StorageSharedKeyCredential storageSharedKeyCredential = new StorageSharedKeyCredential(accountName, accountKey);

string sas = blobSasBuilder.ToSasQueryParameters(storageSharedKeyCredential).ToString();

注意:当 SAS 令牌生成基于分配给容器的访问策略时,您将无法在 BlobSasBuilder 中定义权限、开始时间或结束时间。您将收到运行时异常,因为“访问策略字段可以与签名或 SAS 标识符相关联,但不能同时与两者相关联”

参考:https://www.craftedforeveryone.com/beginners-guide-and-reference-to-azure-blob-storage-sdk-v12-dot-net-csharp/

https://www.craftedforeveryone.com/beginners-guide-and-reference-to-azure-blob-storage-sdk-v12-dot-net-csharp/#generate_access_policy_based_sas_token_for_a_blob

【讨论】:

【参考方案4】:

在此处:https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/storageservices/delegate-access-with-shared-access-signature 表示 Azure 存储支持三种不同类型的共享访问签名 (SAS):

    帐户级别 SAS,这是您在 v11 SDK 中使用的。详细信息和示例:https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-account-sas-create-dotnet 服务级别 SAS,使用 v12 (& V11) SDK。详细信息和示例:https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/sas-service-create?tabs=dotnet 用户委托 SAS,这是 Microsoft 推荐的方法,前提是您可以使用 Azure Active Directory 用户使用 v12 SDK 进行签名。详细信息和示例:https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/storage-blob-user-delegation-sas-create-dotnet

1 和 2 都使用帐户的共享密钥来生成 SAS 令牌,而 3 使用从 AAD 帐户用户生成的密钥,因此在需要时(理论上)更安全且更易于撤销目标。见https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/storageservices/create-user-delegation-sas#:~:text=Authorization%20of%20a%20user%20delegation%20SAS,-When%20a%20client&text=This%20approach%20provides%20an%20additional,is%20a%20security%20best%20practice。有关为什么这样更安全的更多详细信息(“这种方法提供了额外的安全级别,并且避免了将帐户访问密钥与应用程序代码一起存储的需要。出于这些原因,使用 Azure 创建 SAS AD 凭据是一种安全最佳实践。”)

现在存储帐户都支持使用,但我得到的印象是v12 SDK中实施不支持帐户级别(我是推测 - 所以不要引用我,但我也找不到这个)或者有其他隐藏的方法可以做到这一点(当然 BlobSasBuilder.ToSasQueryParameters() 方法只有两个重载),我猜这会让用户委派或服务级别的方法是您现在打算实现的。

【讨论】:

【参考方案5】:

使用适用于 .NET 的 Azure Blob 存储客户端库 v12:

        BlobSasBuilder blobSasBuilder = new BlobSasBuilder()
        
            BlobContainerName = blobContainerName,
            BlobName = blobName,
            Resource = "b", //b = blob, c = container
            StartsOn = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow,
            ExpiresOn = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddMinutes(lifetimeMinutes)
        ;

        blobSasBuilder.SetPermissions(BlobSasPermissions.Read);

        StorageSharedKeyCredential storageSharedKeyCredential = new StorageSharedKeyCredential(accountName, accountKey);

        string sas = blobSasBuilder.ToSasQueryParameters(storageSharedKeyCredential).ToString();

【讨论】:

【参考方案6】:
private string BuildSASUri(BlobClient blob)

    // Create a user SAS that only allows reading for a minute
    BlobSasBuilder sas = new BlobSasBuilder 
    
        BlobContainerName = blob.BlobContainerName,
        BlobName = blob.Name,
        Resource = "b",
        ExpiresOn = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddMinutes(1)
    ;
    // Allow read access
    sas.SetPermissions(BlobSasPermissions.Read);
    var storageSharedKeyCredential = new StorageSharedKeyCredential(
        _iconfiguration.GetValue<string>("StorageAccount:AccountName"),
        _iconfiguration.GetValue<string>("StorageAccount:AccountKey")
    );

    return sas.ToSasQueryParameters(storageSharedKeyCredential).ToString();

以上是我的工作代码。

但是,我不知道如何使用 V12 创建存储访问策略。应该是这样的:https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/azure.storage.blobs.blobcontainerclient.setaccesspolicy?view=azure-dotnet

但我认为微软完全忘记了提供一种创建 BlobSignedIdentifier 的方法。

文档已过期:https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-stored-access-policy-define-dotnet?toc=%2fazure%2fstorage%2fblobs%2ftoc.json

其中使用了 Microsoft.Azure.Storage.Blob,但 https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.Azure.Storage.Blob/ 说不要再使用它了。

【讨论】:

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