使用 SMTP 从 Python 发送邮件
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【中文标题】使用 SMTP 从 Python 发送邮件【英文标题】:Sending mail from Python using SMTP 【发布时间】:2010-09-09 00:49:43 【问题描述】:我正在使用以下方法通过 SMTP 从 Python 发送邮件。这是正确的使用方法还是我遗漏了一些问题?
from smtplib import SMTP
import datetime
debuglevel = 0
smtp = SMTP()
smtp.set_debuglevel(debuglevel)
smtp.connect('YOUR.MAIL.SERVER', 26)
smtp.login('USERNAME@DOMAIN', 'PASSWORD')
from_addr = "John Doe <john@doe.net>"
to_addr = "foo@bar.com"
subj = "hello"
date = datetime.datetime.now().strftime( "%d/%m/%Y %H:%M" )
message_text = "Hello\nThis is a mail from your server\n\nBye\n"
msg = "From: %s\nTo: %s\nSubject: %s\nDate: %s\n\n%s"
% ( from_addr, to_addr, subj, date, message_text )
smtp.sendmail(from_addr, to_addr, msg)
smtp.quit()
【问题讨论】:
确保日期/时间正确。我发现以下函数非常有用,它为您提供了一个完美格式化的 Date-Header 值:docs.python.org/py3k/library/… 这是一个允许send email with Unicode text in subject and/or in body的代码示例 这是一个演示如何send images inline (plus email with both html and plain text parts) 的代码示例。它还展示了如何在旧 Python 版本上配置 ssl 参数。 请注意,有一些可用的包装库可以减少发送电子邮件的代码(例如yagmail) 这能回答你的问题吗? How to send an email with Python? 【参考方案1】:我使用的脚本非常相似;我在这里发布它作为如何使用 email.* 模块生成 MIME 消息的示例;所以这个脚本可以很容易地修改为附加图片等。
我依靠我的 ISP 添加日期时间标头。
我的 ISP 要求我使用安全的 smtp 连接来发送邮件,我依赖 smtplib 模块(可在 http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~db2501/ssmtplib.py 下载)
与您的脚本一样,用于在 SMTP 服务器上进行身份验证的用户名和密码(下面给出虚拟值)在源代码中以纯文本形式显示。这是一个安全漏洞;但最好的选择取决于您需要(想要?)保护这些。
========================================
#! /usr/local/bin/python
SMTPserver = 'smtp.att.yahoo.com'
sender = 'me@my_email_domain.net'
destination = ['recipient@her_email_domain.com']
USERNAME = "USER_NAME_FOR_INTERNET_SERVICE_PROVIDER"
PASSWORD = "PASSWORD_INTERNET_SERVICE_PROVIDER"
# typical values for text_subtype are plain, html, xml
text_subtype = 'plain'
content="""\
Test message
"""
subject="Sent from Python"
import sys
import os
import re
from smtplib import SMTP_SSL as SMTP # this invokes the secure SMTP protocol (port 465, uses SSL)
# from smtplib import SMTP # use this for standard SMTP protocol (port 25, no encryption)
# old version
# from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
try:
msg = MIMEText(content, text_subtype)
msg['Subject']= subject
msg['From'] = sender # some SMTP servers will do this automatically, not all
conn = SMTP(SMTPserver)
conn.set_debuglevel(False)
conn.login(USERNAME, PASSWORD)
try:
conn.sendmail(sender, destination, msg.as_string())
finally:
conn.quit()
except:
sys.exit( "mail failed; %s" % "CUSTOM_ERROR" ) # give an error message
【讨论】:
@Vincent:邮件失败; 'module' 对象没有属性 'SSLFakeSocket' - 使用 Gmail :( 这听起来像是版本或导入问题,以帮助追踪它:您运行的是哪个版本的 Python? -- 您是否需要通过 SSL 连接到您的 SMTP 服务器(如果需要,您是否需要导入 ssmtplib,如上所述)?你可以直接从 python 交互导入 smtplib,如果可以,是否定义了 smtplib.SSLFakeSocket 类?希望我能帮忙 使用 smtplib.SMTP_SSL(Python 最新版本中的标准)来创建连接,而不是 ssmtplib.STMP_SSL(上面提到的第三方模块)。请注意,标准模块以单个“s”开头。这对我有用。 将from ssmtplib import SMTP_SSL as SMTP
替换为from smtplib import SMTP_SSL as SMTP
,此示例可在标准Python 库中运行。
添加msg['To'] = ','.join(destination)
,否则在gmail中看不到目的地【参考方案2】:
我常用的方法...没有太大区别,但有点
import smtplib
from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = 'me@gmail.com'
msg['To'] = 'you@gmail.com'
msg['Subject'] = 'simple email in python'
message = 'here is the email'
msg.attach(MIMEText(message))
mailserver = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com',587)
# identify ourselves to smtp gmail client
mailserver.ehlo()
# secure our email with tls encryption
mailserver.starttls()
# re-identify ourselves as an encrypted connection
mailserver.ehlo()
mailserver.login('me@gmail.com', 'mypassword')
mailserver.sendmail('me@gmail.com','you@gmail.com',msg.as_string())
mailserver.quit()
就是这样
【讨论】:
如果您使用两步验证,您必须先创建一个应用专用密码,然后用它替换您的正常密码。见Sign in using App Passwords 我同意,这是最好的答案,应该被接受。真正被接受的是劣等的。 对于python3,使用:from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.text import MIMEText
【参考方案3】:
此外,如果您想使用 TLS 而不是 SSL 进行 smtp 身份验证,那么您只需更改端口(使用 587)并执行 smtp.starttls()。这对我有用:
...
smtp.connect('YOUR.MAIL.SERVER', 587)
smtp.ehlo()
smtp.starttls()
smtp.ehlo()
smtp.login('USERNAME@DOMAIN', 'PASSWORD')
...
【讨论】:
【参考方案4】:确保您没有任何防火墙阻止 SMTP。我第一次尝试发送电子邮件时,它被 Windows 防火墙和 McAfee 阻止 - 花了很长时间才找到它们。
【讨论】:
【参考方案5】:这个呢?
import smtplib
SERVER = "localhost"
FROM = "sender@example.com"
TO = ["user@example.com"] # must be a list
SUBJECT = "Hello!"
TEXT = "This message was sent with Python's smtplib."
# Prepare actual message
message = """\
From: %s
To: %s
Subject: %s
%s
""" % (FROM, ", ".join(TO), SUBJECT, TEXT)
# Send the mail
server = smtplib.SMTP(SERVER)
server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
server.quit()
【讨论】:
【参考方案6】:我看到的主要问题是您没有处理任何错误:.login()
和 .sendmail()
都有可以抛出的documented exceptions,似乎.connect()
必须有某种方式来表明它无法连接 - 可能是底层套接字代码引发的异常。
【讨论】:
【参考方案7】:以下代码对我来说工作正常:
import smtplib
to = 'mkyong2002@yahoo.com'
gmail_user = 'mkyong2002@gmail.com'
gmail_pwd = 'yourpassword'
smtpserver = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com",587)
smtpserver.ehlo()
smtpserver.starttls()
smtpserver.ehlo() # extra characters to permit edit
smtpserver.login(gmail_user, gmail_pwd)
header = 'To:' + to + '\n' + 'From: ' + gmail_user + '\n' + 'Subject:testing \n'
print header
msg = header + '\n this is test msg from mkyong.com \n\n'
smtpserver.sendmail(gmail_user, to, msg)
print 'done!'
smtpserver.quit()
参考:http://www.mkyong.com/python/how-do-send-email-in-python-via-smtplib/
【讨论】:
Flask 有一个邮件框架:从 flask.ext.mail 导入邮件。我正在对其进行故障排除,并认为我会回到 Python 代码,看看我是否可以得到一些工作。我喜欢这个答案,因为它是赤裸裸的。哦,是的,它奏效了! 注意: 上一版本的答案中包含:smtpserver.close()
必须是:smtpserver.quit()
,因为close()
不会正确终止 TLS 连接! close()
将在 quit()
期间被调用。
嗨,我在运行上述命令时遇到问题。当我使用 smtpserver.starttls() 时,我收到一个 SMTP 错误“SMTPServerDisconnected:连接意外关闭:[Errno 10054]”.. 报告在***.com/questions/46094175/…【参考方案8】:
我使用 SMTP 发送邮件的示例代码。
import smtplib, ssl
smtp_server = "smtp.gmail.com"
port = 587 # For starttls
sender_email = "sender@email"
receiver_email = "receiver@email"
password = "<your password here>"
message = """ Subject: Hi there
This message is sent from Python."""
# Create a secure SSL context
context = ssl.create_default_context()
# Try to log in to server and send email
server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server,port)
try:
server.ehlo() # Can be omitted
server.starttls(context=context) # Secure the connection
server.ehlo() # Can be omitted
server.login(sender_email, password)
server.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, message)
except Exception as e:
# Print any error messages to stdout
print(e)
finally:
server.quit()
【讨论】:
【参考方案9】:您应该确保以正确的格式格式化日期 - RFC2822。
【讨论】:
【参考方案10】:看到所有这些冗长的答案了吗?请允许我通过几行代码来进行自我宣传。
导入和连接:
import yagmail
yag = yagmail.SMTP('john@doe.net', host = 'YOUR.MAIL.SERVER', port = 26)
那么它只是一个单行:
yag.send('foo@bar.com', 'hello', 'Hello\nThis is a mail from your server\n\nBye\n')
当它超出范围时它实际上会关闭(或者可以手动关闭)。此外,它将允许您在密钥环中注册您的用户名,这样您就不必在脚本中写出您的密码(在写 yagmail
之前真的很困扰我!)
有关包/安装、提示和技巧,请查看git 或pip,适用于 Python 2 和 3。
【讨论】:
@PascalvKoolen 我安装了 yagmail,并尝试通过提供我的电子邮件 ID 和密码进行连接。但它给了我一个身份验证错误【参考方案11】:基于this example我做了以下函数:
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
def send_email(host, port, user, pwd, recipients, subject, body, html=None, from_=None):
""" copied and adapted from
https://***.com/questions/10147455/how-to-send-an-email-with-gmail-as-provider-using-python#12424439
returns None if all ok, but if problem then returns exception object
"""
PORT_LIST = (25, 587, 465)
FROM = from_ if from_ else user
TO = recipients if isinstance(recipients, (list, tuple)) else [recipients]
SUBJECT = subject
TEXT = body.encode("utf8") if isinstance(body, unicode) else body
HTML = html.encode("utf8") if isinstance(html, unicode) else html
if not html:
# Prepare actual message
message = """From: %s\nTo: %s\nSubject: %s\n\n%s
""" % (FROM, ", ".join(TO), SUBJECT, TEXT)
else:
# https://***.com/questions/882712/sending-html-email-using-python#882770
msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['Subject'] = SUBJECT
msg['From'] = FROM
msg['To'] = ", ".join(TO)
# Record the MIME types of both parts - text/plain and text/html.
# utf-8 -> https://***.com/questions/5910104/python-how-to-send-utf-8-e-mail#5910530
part1 = MIMEText(TEXT, 'plain', "utf-8")
part2 = MIMEText(HTML, 'html', "utf-8")
# Attach parts into message container.
# According to RFC 2046, the last part of a multipart message, in this case
# the HTML message, is best and preferred.
msg.attach(part1)
msg.attach(part2)
message = msg.as_string()
try:
if port not in PORT_LIST:
raise Exception("Port %s not one of %s" % (port, PORT_LIST))
if port in (465,):
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host, port)
else:
server = smtplib.SMTP(host, port)
# optional
server.ehlo()
if port in (587,):
server.starttls()
server.login(user, pwd)
server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
server.close()
# logger.info("SENT_EMAIL to %s: %s" % (recipients, subject))
except Exception, ex:
return ex
return None
如果您只传递body
,则将发送纯文本邮件,但如果您将html
参数与body
参数一起传递,则将发送html 电子邮件(对于不这样做的电子邮件客户端,回退到文本内容) t 支持 html/mime 类型)。
示例用法:
ex = send_email(
host = 'smtp.gmail.com'
#, port = 465 # OK
, port = 587 #OK
, user = "xxx@gmail.com"
, pwd = "xxx"
, from_ = 'xxx@gmail.com'
, recipients = ['yyy@gmail.com']
, subject = "Test from python"
, body = "Test from python - body"
)
if ex:
print("Mail sending failed: %s" % ex)
else:
print("OK - mail sent"
顺便说一句。如果您想使用 gmail 作为测试或生产 SMTP 服务器, 启用对安全性较低的应用的临时或永久访问权限:
登录谷歌邮件/帐户 转至:https://myaccount.google.com/lesssecureapps 启用 使用此功能或类似功能发送电子邮件 (推荐)转至:https://myaccount.google.com/lesssecureapps (推荐)禁用【讨论】:
【参考方案12】:或者
import smtplib
from email.message import EmailMessage
from getpass import getpass
password = getpass()
message = EmailMessage()
message.set_content('Message content here')
message['Subject'] = 'Your subject here'
message['From'] = "USERNAME@DOMAIN"
message['To'] = "you@mail.com"
try:
smtp_server = None
smtp_server = smtplib.SMTP("YOUR.MAIL.SERVER", 587)
smtp_server.ehlo()
smtp_server.starttls()
smtp_server.ehlo()
smtp_server.login("USERNAME@DOMAIN", password)
smtp_server.send_message(message)
except Exception as e:
print("Error: ", str(e))
finally:
if smtp_server is not None:
smtp_server.quit()
如果您想使用端口 465,您必须创建一个 SMTP_SSL
对象。
【讨论】:
【参考方案13】:你可以这样做
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
server = smtplib.SMTP('mail.servername.com', 25)
server.ehlo()
server.starttls()
server.login('username', 'password')
from = 'me@servername.com'
to = 'mygfriend@servername.com'
body = 'That A Message For My Girl Friend For tell Him If We will go to eat Something This Nigth'
subject = 'Invite to A Diner'
msg = MIMEText(body,'plain','utf-8')
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
msg['From'] = Header(from, 'utf-8')
msg['To'] = Header(to, 'utf-8')
message = msg.as_string()
server.sendmail(from, to, message)
【讨论】:
【参考方案14】:这是 Python 3.x 的一个工作示例
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from email.message import EmailMessage
from getpass import getpass
from smtplib import SMTP_SSL
from sys import exit
smtp_server = 'smtp.gmail.com'
username = 'your_email_address@gmail.com'
password = getpass('Enter Gmail password: ')
sender = 'your_email_address@gmail.com'
destination = 'recipient_email_address@gmail.com'
subject = 'Sent from Python 3.x'
content = 'Hello! This was sent to you via Python 3.x!'
# Create a text/plain message
msg = EmailMessage()
msg.set_content(content)
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = sender
msg['To'] = destination
try:
s = SMTP_SSL(smtp_server)
s.login(username, password)
try:
s.send_message(msg)
finally:
s.quit()
except Exception as E:
exit('Mail failed: '.format(str(E)))
【讨论】:
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