保存/恢复片段状态android

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【中文标题】保存/恢复片段状态android【英文标题】:Save/Restore fragments state android 【发布时间】:2013-04-04 15:00:47 【问题描述】:

我正在尝试创建一个使用 Jack Wharton 的 ViewPager 库 (here) 的应用程序,每个页面仅使用图像(类似于 Prixing (here) 主屏幕)。 一切正常,除了片段中的 saveInstance。

在 Jack Wharton 的示例中,他将文本存储在名为 mContent 的 String 变量中,并在 onCreate 中将其恢复,但在我的情况下,我该怎么办?保存/恢复位图?!任何客观的答案将不胜感激!

我对这个使用应用程序的 Fragment 很陌生,因为我看到的每个示例都只提供基础知识,而更复杂的示例则变得越来越困难。

附言。如果知道有用的话,我正在使用 CirclePageIndicator。

这里的当前片段代码:

    public final class SpecialOfferFragment extends Fragment 

    private int imageResourceId;

    public static SpecialOfferFragment newInstance(int i) 

        //probably I'll use a bitmap(downloaded) as parameter instead of using static images
        SpecialOfferFragment fragment = new SpecialOfferFragment();

        fragment.imageResourceId = i;

        return fragment;
    


    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        // if ((savedInstanceState != null)  

    

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) 

        ImageView image = new ImageView(getActivity());
        image.setImageResource(imageResourceId);
        image.setScaleType(ScaleType.FIT_XY);

        LinearLayout layout = new LinearLayout(getActivity());
        layout.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT,
                LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT));

        layout.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
        layout.addView(image);

        return layout;
    

    @Override
    public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) 
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        //smth to save here..
    

在应用程序的当前状态下,我收到以下异常:

04-12 07:28:17.760: E/androidRuntime(31903): FATAL EXCEPTION: main 
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903): java.lang.NullPointerException
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903): at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.saveFragmentBasicState(FragmentManager.java:1576)
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903):    at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.saveAllState(FragmentManager.java:1617)
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903):    at android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity.onSaveInstanceState(FragmentActivity.java:481)
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903):    at android.app.Activity.performSaveInstanceState(Activity.java:1113)
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903):    at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnSaveInstanceState(Instrumentation.java:1188)
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903):    at android.app.ActivityThread.performStopActivityInner(ActivityThread.java:2804)
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903):    at android.app.ActivityThread.handleStopActivity(ActivityThread.java:2862)
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903):    at android.app.ActivityThread.access$900(ActivityThread.java:127)
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903):    at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1175)
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903):    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903):    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:137)
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903):    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4511)
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903):    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903):    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511)
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903):    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:980)
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903):    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:747)
04-12 07:28:17.760: E/AndroidRuntime(31903):    at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)

每当我暂停/停止包含此片段的活动时都会发生这种情况,例如按下主页按钮。

**

用代码编辑:

**

 public class MainMenu extends FragmentActivity 

    //private List<CategoriesHolder> categoriesList = new ArrayList<CategoriesHolder>();
    //private CategoriesAdapter categoriesAdapter = null;
    //private GridView gv_mainmenu_categories;

    SpecialOfferFragmentAdapter mAdapter;
    ViewPager mPager;
    PageIndicator mIndicator;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_mainmenu);

        linkUI();
        setAction();

        // just for testing
        String[] imagesUrls = null;

        mAdapter = new SpecialOfferFragmentAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager(),
                this, imagesUrls);

        //categoriesAdapter = new CategoriesAdapter(this, categoriesList);

        // used for Categories GridView
        //gv_mainmenu_categories.setAdapter(categoriesAdapter);

        // used for ViewPager
        mPager.setAdapter(mAdapter);
        mIndicator.setViewPager(mPager);

    

    private void linkUI() 
        mPager = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.vp_mainmenu_special_offers);
        mIndicator = (CirclePageIndicator) findViewById(R.id.indicator);

        //gv_mainmenu_categories = (GridView) findViewById(R.id.gv_mainmenu_categories);

    

    private void setAction() 

    
 

    public class SpecialOfferFragmentAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter implements
        IconPagerAdapter 

    private int[] mCarouselImages = new int[]  R.drawable.pic1,
            R.drawable.pic2, R.drawable.pic3, R.drawable.pic4, R.drawable.pic5

    ;

    private String[] imagesUrls;
    private Context context;

    public static final int[] ICONS = new int[] 
            R.drawable.perm_group_calendar, R.drawable.perm_group_camera,
            R.drawable.perm_group_device_alarms, R.drawable.perm_group_location ;

    private int mCount = mCarouselImages.length;

    public SpecialOfferFragmentAdapter(FragmentManager fm, Context context,
            String[] imagesUrls) 
        super(fm);
        this.context = context;
        this.imagesUrls = imagesUrls;
    

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int position) 

        return SpecialOfferFragment.newInstance(mCarouselImages[position]);
    

    @Override
    public int getCount() 
        return mCount;
    

    @Override
    public int getIconResId(int index) 
        return ICONS[index % ICONS.length];
    

    public void setCount(int count) 
        if (count > 0 && count <= 10) 
            mCount = count;
            notifyDataSetChanged();
        
    

【问题讨论】:

你想通过保存实例实现什么? 我编辑了我的问题,所以它也有例外。当我阅读 Android 文档时,我了解到我必须每次都保存片段的状态并在 OnCreate 中恢复它(也许我错过了,如果是这样,我该如何解决该异常?)。 请提供有关代码中抛出异常的信息。 我不能这样做,因为当我双击日志 (Eclipse) 时,异常日志不会向我发送应用程序代码中的任何位置。 - 也许它与 android.support.v4 jar 有关,所以它不能将我重定向到“问题代码”。我用完整的代码重新编辑问题。 所以基本上只是为了清楚,你想要实现的事情是在 ViewPager 中加载图像,如果用户例如转到横向/纵向(或转到另一个活动/片段)模式停留在当前图像,而不是从头开始,对吗? 【参考方案1】:

为了实现你想要的东西,你应该使用整数值将当前位置存储在你的ViewPager 中,然后使用这个值将正确的位置设置为你的ViewPager

例如,在您的 FragmentActivity 中执行类似的操作:

@Override
public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
  super.onSaveInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
  savedInstanceState.putInt("mMyCurrentPosition", mPager.getPosition());


@Override
public void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
  super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
  mMyCurrentPosition = savedInstanceState.getInt("mMyCurrentPosition");
  // where mMyCurrentPosition should be a public value in your activity.

这将保存您的 ViewPager 的最后位置。然后在您的onResume() 中,例如,您可以检查

if(mMyCurrentPosition != 0)
    mPager.setCurrentItem(mMyCurrentPosition);

我认为这应该可行,将图像/位图保存在包中不是一个好习惯(而且我认为你做不到)。

【讨论】:

好的,这可能会解决在 PageViewer 暂停/停止后获取最后状态的问题,但是每当我暂停/停止我的应用程序时,我仍然会遇到这个烦人的错误(登录我的问题)。 暂停/停止我的应用是什么意思? 我的意思是打开另一个活动/应用程序,切换方向,任何可能触发此活动暂停或停止操作的事情。它不断触发该异常。 尝试使用FragmentStatePagerAdapter 而不是FragmentPagerAdapter 哦,天哪,终于成功了。非常感谢您花时间在这个问题上!最后一个请求,你可以忍受我多一点时间xD。我尝试了保存最后一个位置的答案,但 ViewPager 似乎没有 getPosition() 方法。有任何关于获得该职位的提示吗?【参考方案2】:

好的,首先我想澄清一些可能解决您对已保存实例状态的困惑的东西。 Savedinstancestate 只能处理原语(int、double、float、byte..)和 String 对象。这应该是您所需要的,但在某些情况下,您还想保存其他对象的实例。为此,您需要一些其他模式来完成这项工作,例如一个工厂模式,其中包含所有位图的数组。 例如,创建一个类 ImageFactory 来保存位图的静态 ArrayList。 每当您旋转设备时,都会再次调用 oncreateview 和 onactivitycreated 方法,这是检查您是否要从工厂检索信息的时刻。例如

if(savedInstanceState != null) //我们有一个 savedinstancestate 所以 可能有保存的图像 ImageFactory.getBMPs();

希望您可以利用这些信息做点什么。祝你好运

【讨论】:

感谢您的回答。所以,你的意思是为这些位图创建一个类持有者,在我的 Fragment 中的 onCreate 中保存和恢复它们,会解决这个问题吗?【参考方案3】:

这在你的主要活动中对我来说很容易和简单

 @Override
    protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
        super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
        onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    

在你的清单中

 <activity
            android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize"/>

【讨论】:

【参考方案4】:

我创建了我自己的方法来保存片段数据,同时使用 SharedPreference 更改选项卡:

方法如下:

  public void saveData() 

    Log.d("msg", "Save Instance");
    SharedPreferences.Editor outState = getActivity().getSharedPreferences("order", Context.MODE_APPEND).edit();

    orderDate = orderDateEditText.getText().toString();
    orderBy = orderByEditText.getText().toString();
    orderMobileNo = orderMobileNoEditText.getText().toString();
    orderTransport = orderTransportEditText.getText().toString();
    orderInvoicePer = orderInvoicePerEditText.getText().toString(); 
    orderCharge = orderChargeEditText.getText().toString();
    orderGoodsDispatch = orderGoodsDispatchEditText.getText().toString();
    orderOthers = orderOthersEditText.getText().toString();
    orderIsDirect = orderIsDirectCheckBox.isChecked() ? 1 : 0;

    outState.putBoolean("saved", true);

    outState.putString("orderDate", orderDate);
    outState.putString("orderBy", orderBy);
    outState.putString("orderMobileNo", orderMobileNo);
    outState.putString("orderTransport", orderTransport);
    outState.putString("orderInvoicePer", orderInvoicePer);
    outState.putString("orderCharge", orderCharge);
    outState.putString("orderGoodsDispatch", orderGoodsDispatch);
    outState.putString("orderOthers", orderOthers);
    outState.putInt("orderIsDirect", orderIsDirect);

    outState.commit();

调用这个方法时

    @Override
    public void onStop() 
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.onStop();

        saveData();

EditText 替换保存的数据:

@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);

    /***** PUT DATA IN EDITTEXT is ITS AVAILABLE IN BUNDLE *****/
    SharedPreferences orderData = getActivity().getSharedPreferences("order", Context.MODE_APPEND);
    Log.d("msg", ""+orderData.getBoolean("saved", false));

    if(orderData.getBoolean("saved", false))
    
        orderDate = orderData.getString("orderDate", "");
        orderBy = orderData.getString("orderBy", "");
        orderMobileNo = orderData.getString("orderMobileNo", "");
        orderTransport = orderData.getString("orderTransport", "");
        orderInvoicePer = orderData.getString("orderInvoicePer", ""); 
        orderCharge = orderData.getString("orderCharge", "");
        orderGoodsDispatch = orderData.getString("orderGoodsDispatch", "");
        orderOthers = orderData.getString("orderOthers", "");
        orderIsDirect = orderData.getInt("orderIsDirect", 0);

        orderDateEditText.setText(orderDate);
        orderByEditText.setText(orderBy);
        orderMobileNoEditText.setText(orderMobileNo);
        orderTransportEditText.setText(orderTransport);
        orderInvoicePerEditText.setText(orderInvoicePer);
        orderChargeEditText.setText(orderCharge);
        orderGoodsDispatchEditText.setText(orderGoodsDispatch);
        orderOthersEditText.setText(orderOthers);
        if(orderIsDirect == 0)
            orderIsDirectCheckBox.setChecked(false);
        else
            orderIsDirectCheckBox.setChecked(true);
    

希望这段代码对你有帮助...

谢谢...

【讨论】:

【参考方案5】:

我不太确定这个问题是否仍然困扰着您,因为它已经过去了几个月。但我想分享一下我是如何处理这个问题的。 以下是源代码:

int FLAG = 0;
private View rootView;
private LinearLayout parentView;

/**
 * The fragment argument representing the section number for this fragment.
 */
private static final String ARG_SECTION_NUMBER = "section_number";

/**
 * Returns a new instance of this fragment for the given section number.
 */
public static Fragment2 newInstance(Bundle bundle) 
    Fragment2 fragment = new Fragment2();
    Bundle args = bundle;
    fragment.setArguments(args);
    return fragment;


public Fragment2() 



@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) 
    super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
    Log.e("onCreateView","onCreateView");
    if(FLAG!=12321)
        rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_create_new_album, container, false);
        changeFLAG(12321);
           
    parentView=new LinearLayout(getActivity());
    parentView.addView(rootView);

    return parentView;


/* (non-Javadoc)
 * @see android.support.v4.app.Fragment#onDestroy()
 */
@Override
public void onDestroy() 
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    super.onDestroy();
    Log.e("onDestroy","onDestroy");


/* (non-Javadoc)
 * @see android.support.v4.app.Fragment#onStart()
 */
@Override
public void onStart() 
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    super.onStart();
    Log.e("onstart","onstart");


/* (non-Javadoc)
 * @see android.support.v4.app.Fragment#onStop()
 */
@Override
public void onStop() 
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    super.onStop();
    if(false)
        Bundle savedInstance=getArguments();
        LinearLayout viewParent;

        viewParent= (LinearLayout) rootView.getParent();
        viewParent.removeView(rootView);

    
    parentView.removeView(rootView);

    Log.e("onStop","onstop");

@Override
public void onPause() 
    super.onPause();
    Log.e("onpause","onpause");


@Override
public void onResume() 
    super.onResume();
    Log.e("onResume","onResume");

这里是 MainActivity:

/**
 * Fragment managing the behaviors, interactions and presentation of the
 * navigation drawer.
 */
private NavigationDrawerFragment mNavigationDrawerFragment;

/**
 * Used to store the last screen title. For use in
 * @link #restoreActionBar().
 */

public static boolean fragment2InstanceExists=false;
public static Fragment2 fragment2=null;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    mNavigationDrawerFragment = (NavigationDrawerFragment) getSupportFragmentManager()
            .findFragmentById(R.id.navigation_drawer);
    mTitle = getTitle();

    // Set up the drawer.
    mNavigationDrawerFragment.setUp(R.id.navigation_drawer,
            (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout));


@Override
public void onNavigationDrawerItemSelected(int position) 
    // update the main content by replacing fragments
    FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
    FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction=fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
    switch(position)
    case 0:
        fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.container, Fragment1.newInstance(position+1)).commit();
        break;
    case 1:

        Bundle bundle=new Bundle();
        bundle.putInt("source_of_create",CommonMethods.CREATE_FROM_ACTIVITY);

        if(!fragment2InstanceExists)
            fragment2=Fragment2.newInstance(bundle);
            fragment2InstanceExists=true;
        
        fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.container, fragment2).commit();

        break;
    case 2:
        fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.container, FolderExplorerFragment.newInstance(position+1)).commit();
        break;
    default: 
        break;
    

parentView 是关键点。 通常,在onCreateView时,我们只使用return rootView。但是现在,我将rootView添加到parentView,然后返回parentView。为防止出现“The specified child has a parent. You must call removeView() on the ...”错误,我们需要调用“parentView.removeView(rootView)”,否则我提供的方法没有用。 我也想分享我是如何找到它的。首先,我设置了一个布尔值来指示实例是否存在。当实例存在时,rootView 不会再次膨胀。但是后来,logcat给了child已经有了parent的东西,所以我决定用另一个parent作为中间的Parent View。这就是它的工作原理。 希望对你有帮助。

【讨论】:

【参考方案6】:

让我写下我处理这个问题的方法。我在 Activity 中保留了一个片段对象变量,以供以后交互。在 onCreate() 方法中,我检查是否存在 savedInstanceState(由屏幕旋转或其他原因引起)。

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity 
PlaceAddFragment mFragment;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    if(savedInstanceState == null) 
        mFragment = new PlaceAddFragment();
        mFragment.setProfileImages(incomingPics);

        getSupportFragmentManager()
                .beginTransaction()
                .replace(R.id.form_fragment_holder, mFragment, PlaceAddFragment.TAG)
                .commit();
    else
        mFragment = (PlaceAddFragment) getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(PlaceAddFragment.TAG);
    

在我的片段类中,我重写了 onSaveInstanceState 方法,并在其中添加了 setRetainInstance(true),如下所示:

public class PlaceAddFragment extends Fragment 
public static final String TAG = ".PlaceAddFragment";
private ProfileImageAdapter mAdapter;
private List<ProfileImage> mProfileImages;
private Context mContext;

public PlaceAddFragment() 
    // Required empty public constructor


@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                         Bundle savedInstanceState) 

    mContext = getContext();
    View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_place_add, container, false);

    RecyclerView mRecyclerView = (RecyclerView) view.findViewById(R.id.hw_pictures_holder);
    mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(mContext, LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL, false));
    mAdapter = new ProfileImageAdapter(mContext, mProfileImages);
    mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);

    return view;


@Override
public void onSaveInstanceState(final Bundle outState) 
    super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
    setRetainInstance(true);


@Override
public void onDestroy() 
    super.onDestroy();
    mAdapter = null;
    mProfileImages = null;


public void setProfileImages(List<ProfileImage> incomingPics) 
    this.mProfileImages = incomingPics;


public List<ProfileImage> getProfileImages() 
    return this.mProfileImages;


如果您希望此代码正常工作,您应该实现 ProfileImageAdapter mAdapter、ProfileImage 对象和所有这些的 xml 布局。

【讨论】:

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