如何在 Swift 中发出 HTTP 请求 + 基本身份验证
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【中文标题】如何在 Swift 中发出 HTTP 请求 + 基本身份验证【英文标题】：How to make an HTTP request + basic auth in Swift 【发布时间】：2014-08-14 07:12:53 【问题描述】：我有一个带有基本身份验证的 RESTFull 服务，我想从 ios+swift 调用它。我必须如何以及在何处为此请求提供凭据？
我的代码（对不起，我刚开始学习iOS/obj-c/swift）：
class APIProxy: NSObject
var data: NSMutableData = NSMutableData()
func connectToWebApi()
var urlPath = "http://xx.xx.xx.xx/BP3_0_32/ru/hs/testservis/somemethod"
NSLog("connection string \(urlPath)")
var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)
var request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)
let username = "hs"
let password = "1"
let loginString = NSString(format: "%@:%@", username, password)
let loginData: NSData = loginString.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)
let base64LoginString = loginData.base64EncodedStringWithOptions(NSDataBase64EncodingOptions.fromMask(0))
request.setValue(base64LoginString, forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization")
var connection: NSURLConnection = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate: self)
connection.start()
//NSURLConnection delegate method
func connection(connection: NSURLConnection!, didFailWithError error: NSError!)
println("Failed with error:\(error.localizedDescription)")
//NSURLConnection delegate method
func connection(didReceiveResponse: NSURLConnection!, didReceiveResponse response: NSURLResponse!)
//New request so we need to clear the data object
self.data = NSMutableData()
//NSURLConnection delegate method
func connection(connection: NSURLConnection!, didReceiveData data: NSData!)
//Append incoming data
self.data.appendData(data)
//NSURLConnection delegate method
func connectionDidFinishLoading(connection: NSURLConnection!)
NSLog("connectionDidFinishLoading");
【问题讨论】：
顺便说一句，NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate: self) 将为您提供start 连接。不要自己显式调用start 方法，有效地再次启动它。
NSURLConnection 已弃用。你真的应该切换到 NSURLSession。
【参考方案1】：
您在 URLRequest 实例中提供凭据，例如在 Swift 3 中：
let username = "user"
let password = "pass"
let loginString = String(format: "%@:%@", username, password)
let loginData = loginString.data(using: String.Encoding.utf8)!
let base64LoginString = loginData.base64EncodedString()
// create the request
let url = URL(string: "http://www.example.com/")!
var request = URLRequest(url: url)
request.httpMethod = "POST"
request.setValue("Basic \(base64LoginString)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization")
// fire off the request
// make sure your class conforms to NSURLConnectionDelegate
let urlConnection = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate: self)
或者在 Swift 2 中使用 NSMutableURLRequest：
// set up the base64-encoded credentials
let username = "user"
let password = "pass"
let loginString = NSString(format: "%@:%@", username, password)
let loginData: NSData = loginString.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!
let base64LoginString = loginData.base64EncodedStringWithOptions([])
// create the request
let url = NSURL(string: "http://www.example.com/")
let request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)
request.HTTPMethod = "POST"
request.setValue("Basic \(base64LoginString)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization")
// fire off the request
// make sure your class conforms to NSURLConnectionDelegate
let urlConnection = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate: self)
【讨论】：
request.setValue(base64LoginString, forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization") => request.setValue("Basic (base64LoginString)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization") 我添加了单词“Basic”，它适用于我很好 好收获！更新了答案。 'NSDataBase64EncodingOptions.Type' 没有名为 'fromMask' 的成员。这是我在 Xcode 6.1 中遇到的错误。请帮忙。什么是 mask(0) 我在 xCode 中也看到了与 @BalaVishnu 相同的消息，但我只是使用了 .allZeros Swift 的选项集语法在 Xcode 1.1 中发生了变化。您可以使用NSDataBase64EncodingOptions(0) 或nil 不作任何选择。更新了答案。【参考方案2】：
迅速 4：
let username = "username"
let password = "password"
let loginString = "\(username):\(password)"
guard let loginData = loginString.data(using: String.Encoding.utf8) else
return
let base64LoginString = loginData.base64EncodedString()
request.httpMethod = "GET"
request.setValue("Basic \(base64LoginString)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization")
【讨论】：
如果你改用Data(loginString.utf8)，你就不需要保护声明了。【参考方案3】：
//创建认证base 64编码字符串
let PasswordString = "\(txtUserName.text):\(txtPassword.text)"
let PasswordData = PasswordString.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)
let base64EncodedCredential = PasswordData!.base64EncodedStringWithOptions(NSDataBase64EncodingOptions.Encoding64CharacterLineLength)
//let base64EncodedCredential = PasswordData!.base64EncodedStringWithOptions(nil)
//创建认证url
let urlPath: String = "http://...../auth"
var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)
//创建并初始化基本认证请求
var request: NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)
request.setValue("Basic \(base64EncodedCredential)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization")
request.HTTPMethod = "GET"
//您可以使用以下方法之一
//1 带有 NSURLConnectionDataDelegate 的 URL 请求
let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
let urlConnection = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate: self)
urlConnection.start()
//2 带有异步请求的 URL 请求
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request, queue: NSOperationQueue.mainQueue()) (response, data, error) in
println(NSString(data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding))
//2 带有 json 输出的 AsynchronousRequest 的 URL 请求
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request, queue: NSOperationQueue.mainQueue(), completionHandler: (response: NSURLResponse!, data: NSData!, error: NSError!) -> Void in
var err: NSError
var jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: nil) as NSDictionary
println("\(jsonResult)")
)
//3 带有 SynchronousRequest 的 URL 请求
var response: AutoreleasingUnsafePointer<NSURLResponse?>=nil
var dataVal: NSData = NSURLConnection.sendSynchronousRequest(request, returningResponse: response, error:nil)
var err: NSError
var jsonResult: NSDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(dataVal, options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: nil) as NSDictionary
println("\(jsonResult)")
//4 使用 NSURLSession 的 URL 请求
let config = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
let authString = "Basic \(base64EncodedCredential)"
config.HTTPAdditionalHeaders = ["Authorization" : authString]
let session = NSURLSession(configuration: config)
session.dataTaskWithURL(url)
(let data, let response, let error) in
if let httpResponse = response as? NSHTTPURLResponse
let dataString = NSString(data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
println(dataString)
.resume()
//如果你在服务器请求GET请求时更改了request.HTTPMethod = "POST"，你可能会遇到致命错误
【讨论】：
顺便说一句，这重复了 OP 代码中的错误：NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate: self) 启动请求。你不应该再start它。【参考方案4】：
在 Swift 2 中：
extension NSMutableURLRequest
func setAuthorizationHeader(username username: String, password: String) -> Bool
guard let data = "\(username):\(password)".dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding) else return false
let base64 = data.base64EncodedStringWithOptions([])
setValue("Basic \(base64)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization")
return true
【讨论】：
我不确定在将其转换为 base64 之前是否需要转义任何内容【参考方案5】：SWIFT 3 和 APACHE 简单身份验证：
func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, task: URLSessionTask,
didReceive challenge: URLAuthenticationChallenge,
completionHandler: @escaping (URLSession.AuthChallengeDisposition, URLCredential?) -> Void)
let credential = URLCredential(user: "test",
password: "test",
persistence: .none)
completionHandler(.useCredential, credential)
【讨论】：
【参考方案6】：我在尝试将一些在应用程序中实现的自动电子邮件发布到 MailGun 时遇到了类似的问题。
我能够通过大型 HTTP 响应使其正常工作。我将完整路径放入 Keys.plist，以便我可以将代码上传到 github，并将一些参数分解为变量，以便以后以编程方式设置它们。
// Email the FBO with desired information
// Parse our Keys.plist so we can use our path
var keys: NSDictionary?
if let path = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("Keys", ofType: "plist")
keys = NSDictionary(contentsOfFile: path)
if let dict = keys
// variablize our https path with API key, recipient and message text
let mailgunAPIPath = dict["mailgunAPIPath"] as? String
let emailRecipient = "bar@foo.com"
let emailMessage = "Testing%20email%20sender%20variables"
// Create a session and fill it with our request
let session = NSURLSession.sharedSession()
let request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: mailgunAPIPath! + "from=FBOGo%20Reservation%20%3Cscheduler@<my domain>.com%3E&to=reservations@<my domain>.com&to=\(emailRecipient)&subject=A%20New%20Reservation%21&text=\(emailMessage)")!)
// POST and report back with any errors and response codes
request.HTTPMethod = "POST"
let task = session.dataTaskWithRequest(request, completionHandler: (data, response, error) in
if let error = error
print(error)
if let response = response
print("url = \(response.URL!)")
print("response = \(response)")
let httpResponse = response as! NSHTTPURLResponse
print("response code = \(httpResponse.statusCode)")
)
task.resume()
Mailgun 路径在 Keys.plist 中作为名为 mailgunAPIPath 的字符串，其值为：
https://API:key-<my key>@api.mailgun.net/v3/<my domain>.com/messages?
希望这有助于为那些试图避免在 POST 请求中使用 3rd 方代码的人提供解决方案！
【讨论】：
【参考方案7】：我的解决方案如下：
import UIKit
class LoginViewController: UIViewController, NSURLConnectionDataDelegate
@IBOutlet var usernameTextField: UITextField
@IBOutlet var passwordTextField: UITextField
@IBAction func login(sender: AnyObject)
var url = NSURL(string: "YOUR_URL")
var request = NSURLRequest(URL: url)
var connection = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate: self, startImmediately: true)
func connection(connection:NSURLConnection!, willSendRequestForAuthenticationChallenge challenge:NSURLAuthenticationChallenge!)
if challenge.previousFailureCount > 1
else
let creds = NSURLCredential(user: usernameTextField.text, password: passwordTextField.text, persistence: NSURLCredentialPersistence.None)
challenge.sender.useCredential(creds, forAuthenticationChallenge: challenge)
func connection(connection:NSURLConnection!, didReceiveResponse response: NSURLResponse)
let status = (response as NSHTTPURLResponse).statusCode
println("status code is \(status)")
// 200? Yeah authentication was successful
override func viewDidLoad()
super.viewDidLoad()
override func didReceiveMemoryWarning()
super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
您可以将此类用作 ViewController 的实现。将您的字段连接到带注释的 IBOutlet 变量，并将您的按钮连接到带注释的 IBAction 函数。
说明： 在函数登录中，您使用 NSURL、NSURLRequest 和 NSURLConnection 创建您的请求。 这里必不可少的是引用此类（self）的委托。 要接收代表电话，您需要
将协议 NSURLConnectionDataDelegate 添加到类中 实现协议的功能“connection:willSendRequestForAuthenticationChallenge” 这用于将凭据添加到请求中 实现协议的功能“connection:didReceiveResponse” 这将检查http响应状态代码【讨论】：
有没有办法检查同步请求的http响应状态码？ NSURLConnection 已弃用。 Apple 强烈建议您使用 NSURLSession。【参考方案8】：我在登录按钮点击时调用 json
@IBAction func loginClicked(sender : AnyObject)
var request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: kLoginURL)) // Here, kLogin contains the Login API.
var session = NSURLSession.sharedSession()
request.HTTPMethod = "POST"
var err: NSError?
request.HTTPBody = NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(self.criteriaDic(), options: nil, error: &err) // This Line fills the web service with required parameters.
request.addValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
request.addValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Accept")
var task = session.dataTaskWithRequest(request, completionHandler: data, response, error -> Void in
// println("Response: \(response)")
var strData = NSString(data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
println("Body: \(strData)")
var err1: NSError?
var json2 = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(strData.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding), options: .MutableLeaves, error:&err1 ) as NSDictionary
println("json2 :\(json2)")
if(err)
println(err!.localizedDescription)
else
var success = json2["success"] as? Int
println("Succes: \(success)")
)
task.resume()
在这里，我为参数制作了一个单独的字典。
var params = ["format":"json", "MobileType":"IOS","MIN":"f8d16d98ad12acdbbe1de647414495ec","UserName":emailTxtField.text,"PWD":passwordTxtField.text,"SigninVia":"SH"]as NSDictionary
return params
【讨论】：
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