Win32 API 函数以编程方式启用/禁用设备
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【中文标题】Win32 API 函数以编程方式启用/禁用设备【英文标题】：Win32 API function to programmatically enable/disable device 【发布时间】：2010-11-29 03:08:20 【问题描述】：我正在编写一个小型 C# 应用程序，以在检测到另一个鼠标设备时禁用设备（我的笔记本电脑触摸板），并在未检测到鼠标时再次启用触摸板。我什至无法在设备管理器中禁用触摸板（它在默认鼠标类驱动程序上运行）。
我正在开发设备驱动程序，所以我想也许我可以编写一个小过滤器驱动程序，它只接受 IOCTL 来启用和禁用将鼠标事件消息向上传递到设备堆栈，并通过原始 PDO 从用户模式获取消息。但是，I asked that question 和有人建议我可以通过 SetupDi.. 函数在用户模式下执行此操作。那真的很好，因为这种原始 PDO 通信方法是可以使用的 PITA。
我之前只使用过 SetupDiGetClassDevs，而且其中有很多，对这部分 Win32 API 有更多经验的人能否快速告诉我应该调用什么来停止/禁用鼠标设备或其界面，或者框架的黑暗角落中的某处可以执行此操作（可能在 WMI 中？）。
更新 (24/9/09) 我想出了如何使用过滤器驱动程序来做到这一点，并在my original question 上发布了我是如何做到的。我仍然想知道是否可以直接从 Win32 启用或禁用设备，如果可以，如何 - 所以我将保留这个问题。
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：您可以使用 SetupDi API 从 Win32（以及因此从 C# 通过 P/Invoke）启用/禁用设备，但并非所有设备都可以通过这种方式“禁用”。
您在尝试从 Win32（或 WMI 或任何其他调用 SetupDi* 系列函数的 API）禁用触摸板时遇到的问题是大多数带触摸板的笔记本电脑中的默认鼠标驱动程序（ “PS/2 兼容鼠标”）不支持使用 SetupDi API 禁用。我怀疑这可能是因为使用 PS/2 连接器的实际旧鼠标无法在不使用硬件的情况下进行热分离。
要验证您无法禁用，请进入设备管理器并右键单击鼠标驱动程序。如果您看到禁用选项，您可以使用 SetupDi 将其禁用。如果没有禁用选项，那么您就不走运了...欢迎来到 IOCTL-land！
如果您确实看到禁用选项，那么下面的代码（从我发现的here 的 VB 示例移植到 C#）应该可以让您禁用和重新启用设备。
这是调用库的代码：
public static void EnableMouse(bool enable)
// every type of device has a hard-coded GUID, this is the one for mice
Guid mouseGuid = new Guid("4d36e96f-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318");
// get this from the properties dialog box of this device in Device Manager
string instancePath = @"ACPI\PNP0F03\4&3688D3F&0";
DeviceHelper.SetDeviceEnabled(mouseGuid, instancePath, enable);
这是库本身，改编自 here。
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using DisableDevice;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.ComponentModel;
using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
using System.Security;
using System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution;
using System.Management;
namespace DisableDevice
[Flags()]
internal enum SetupDiGetClassDevsFlags
Default = 1,
Present = 2,
AllClasses = 4,
Profile = 8,
DeviceInterface = (int)0x10
internal enum DiFunction
SelectDevice = 1,
InstallDevice = 2,
AssignResources = 3,
Properties = 4,
Remove = 5,
FirstTimeSetup = 6,
FoundDevice = 7,
SelectClassDrivers = 8,
ValidateClassDrivers = 9,
InstallClassDrivers = (int)0xa,
CalcDiskSpace = (int)0xb,
DestroyPrivateData = (int)0xc,
ValidateDriver = (int)0xd,
Detect = (int)0xf,
InstallWizard = (int)0x10,
DestroyWizardData = (int)0x11,
PropertyChange = (int)0x12,
EnableClass = (int)0x13,
DetectVerify = (int)0x14,
InstallDeviceFiles = (int)0x15,
UnRemove = (int)0x16,
SelectBestCompatDrv = (int)0x17,
AllowInstall = (int)0x18,
RegisterDevice = (int)0x19,
NewDeviceWizardPreSelect = (int)0x1a,
NewDeviceWizardSelect = (int)0x1b,
NewDeviceWizardPreAnalyze = (int)0x1c,
NewDeviceWizardPostAnalyze = (int)0x1d,
NewDeviceWizardFinishInstall = (int)0x1e,
Unused1 = (int)0x1f,
InstallInterfaces = (int)0x20,
DetectCancel = (int)0x21,
RegisterCoInstallers = (int)0x22,
AddPropertyPageAdvanced = (int)0x23,
AddPropertyPageBasic = (int)0x24,
Reserved1 = (int)0x25,
Troubleshooter = (int)0x26,
PowerMessageWake = (int)0x27,
AddRemotePropertyPageAdvanced = (int)0x28,
UpdateDriverUI = (int)0x29,
Reserved2 = (int)0x30
internal enum StateChangeAction
Enable = 1,
Disable = 2,
PropChange = 3,
Start = 4,
Stop = 5
[Flags()]
internal enum Scopes
Global = 1,
ConfigSpecific = 2,
ConfigGeneral = 4
internal enum SetupApiError
NoAssociatedClass = unchecked((int)0xe0000200),
ClassMismatch = unchecked((int)0xe0000201),
DuplicateFound = unchecked((int)0xe0000202),
NoDriverSelected = unchecked((int)0xe0000203),
KeyDoesNotExist = unchecked((int)0xe0000204),
InvalidDevinstName = unchecked((int)0xe0000205),
InvalidClass = unchecked((int)0xe0000206),
DevinstAlreadyExists = unchecked((int)0xe0000207),
DevinfoNotRegistered = unchecked((int)0xe0000208),
InvalidRegProperty = unchecked((int)0xe0000209),
NoInf = unchecked((int)0xe000020a),
NoSuchHDevinst = unchecked((int)0xe000020b),
CantLoadClassIcon = unchecked((int)0xe000020c),
InvalidClassInstaller = unchecked((int)0xe000020d),
DiDoDefault = unchecked((int)0xe000020e),
DiNoFileCopy = unchecked((int)0xe000020f),
InvalidHwProfile = unchecked((int)0xe0000210),
NoDeviceSelected = unchecked((int)0xe0000211),
DevinfolistLocked = unchecked((int)0xe0000212),
DevinfodataLocked = unchecked((int)0xe0000213),
DiBadPath = unchecked((int)0xe0000214),
NoClassInstallParams = unchecked((int)0xe0000215),
FileQueueLocked = unchecked((int)0xe0000216),
BadServiceInstallSect = unchecked((int)0xe0000217),
NoClassDriverList = unchecked((int)0xe0000218),
NoAssociatedService = unchecked((int)0xe0000219),
NoDefaultDeviceInterface = unchecked((int)0xe000021a),
DeviceInterfaceActive = unchecked((int)0xe000021b),
DeviceInterfaceRemoved = unchecked((int)0xe000021c),
BadInterfaceInstallSect = unchecked((int)0xe000021d),
NoSuchInterfaceClass = unchecked((int)0xe000021e),
InvalidReferenceString = unchecked((int)0xe000021f),
InvalidMachineName = unchecked((int)0xe0000220),
RemoteCommFailure = unchecked((int)0xe0000221),
MachineUnavailable = unchecked((int)0xe0000222),
NoConfigMgrServices = unchecked((int)0xe0000223),
InvalidPropPageProvider = unchecked((int)0xe0000224),
NoSuchDeviceInterface = unchecked((int)0xe0000225),
DiPostProcessingRequired = unchecked((int)0xe0000226),
InvalidCOInstaller = unchecked((int)0xe0000227),
NoCompatDrivers = unchecked((int)0xe0000228),
NoDeviceIcon = unchecked((int)0xe0000229),
InvalidInfLogConfig = unchecked((int)0xe000022a),
DiDontInstall = unchecked((int)0xe000022b),
InvalidFilterDriver = unchecked((int)0xe000022c),
NonWindowsNTDriver = unchecked((int)0xe000022d),
NonWindowsDriver = unchecked((int)0xe000022e),
NoCatalogForOemInf = unchecked((int)0xe000022f),
DevInstallQueueNonNative = unchecked((int)0xe0000230),
NotDisableable = unchecked((int)0xe0000231),
CantRemoveDevinst = unchecked((int)0xe0000232),
InvalidTarget = unchecked((int)0xe0000233),
DriverNonNative = unchecked((int)0xe0000234),
InWow64 = unchecked((int)0xe0000235),
SetSystemRestorePoint = unchecked((int)0xe0000236),
IncorrectlyCopiedInf = unchecked((int)0xe0000237),
SceDisabled = unchecked((int)0xe0000238),
UnknownException = unchecked((int)0xe0000239),
PnpRegistryError = unchecked((int)0xe000023a),
RemoteRequestUnsupported = unchecked((int)0xe000023b),
NotAnInstalledOemInf = unchecked((int)0xe000023c),
InfInUseByDevices = unchecked((int)0xe000023d),
DiFunctionObsolete = unchecked((int)0xe000023e),
NoAuthenticodeCatalog = unchecked((int)0xe000023f),
AuthenticodeDisallowed = unchecked((int)0xe0000240),
AuthenticodeTrustedPublisher = unchecked((int)0xe0000241),
AuthenticodeTrustNotEstablished = unchecked((int)0xe0000242),
AuthenticodePublisherNotTrusted = unchecked((int)0xe0000243),
SignatureOSAttributeMismatch = unchecked((int)0xe0000244),
OnlyValidateViaAuthenticode = unchecked((int)0xe0000245)
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
internal struct DeviceInfoData
public int Size;
public Guid ClassGuid;
public int DevInst;
public IntPtr Reserved;
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
internal struct PropertyChangeParameters
public int Size;
// part of header. It's flattened out into 1 structure.
public DiFunction DiFunction;
public StateChangeAction StateChange;
public Scopes Scope;
public int HwProfile;
internal class NativeMethods
private const string setupapi = "setupapi.dll";
private NativeMethods()
[DllImport(setupapi, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Winapi, SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
public static extern bool SetupDiCallClassInstaller(DiFunction installFunction, SafeDeviceInfoSetHandle deviceInfoSet, [In()]
ref DeviceInfoData deviceInfoData);
[DllImport(setupapi, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Winapi, SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
public static extern bool SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(SafeDeviceInfoSetHandle deviceInfoSet, int memberIndex, ref DeviceInfoData deviceInfoData);
[DllImport(setupapi, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Winapi, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern SafeDeviceInfoSetHandle SetupDiGetClassDevs([In()]
ref Guid classGuid, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
string enumerator, IntPtr hwndParent, SetupDiGetClassDevsFlags flags);
/*
[DllImport(setupapi, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Winapi, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
public static extern bool SetupDiGetDeviceInstanceId(SafeDeviceInfoSetHandle deviceInfoSet, [In()]
ref DeviceInfoData did, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)]
StringBuilder deviceInstanceId, int deviceInstanceIdSize, [Out()]
ref int requiredSize);
*/
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
public static extern bool SetupDiGetDeviceInstanceId(
IntPtr DeviceInfoSet,
ref DeviceInfoData did,
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)] StringBuilder DeviceInstanceId,
int DeviceInstanceIdSize,
out int RequiredSize
);
[SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity()]
[ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
[DllImport(setupapi, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Winapi, SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
public static extern bool SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(IntPtr deviceInfoSet);
[DllImport(setupapi, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Winapi, SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
public static extern bool SetupDiSetClassInstallParams(SafeDeviceInfoSetHandle deviceInfoSet, [In()]
ref DeviceInfoData deviceInfoData, [In()]
ref PropertyChangeParameters classInstallParams, int classInstallParamsSize);
internal class SafeDeviceInfoSetHandle : SafeHandleZeroOrMinusOneIsInvalid
public SafeDeviceInfoSetHandle()
: base(true)
protected override bool ReleaseHandle()
return NativeMethods.SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(this.handle);
public sealed class DeviceHelper
private DeviceHelper()
/// <summary>
/// Enable or disable a device.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="classGuid">The class guid of the device. Available in the device manager.</param>
/// <param name="instanceId">The device instance id of the device. Available in the device manager.</param>
/// <param name="enable">True to enable, False to disable.</param>
/// <remarks>Will throw an exception if the device is not Disableable.</remarks>
public static void SetDeviceEnabled(Guid classGuid, string instanceId, bool enable)
SafeDeviceInfoSetHandle diSetHandle = null;
try
// Get the handle to a device information set for all devices matching classGuid that are present on the
// system.
diSetHandle = NativeMethods.SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref classGuid, null, IntPtr.Zero, SetupDiGetClassDevsFlags.Present);
// Get the device information data for each matching device.
DeviceInfoData[] diData = GetDeviceInfoData(diSetHandle);
// Find the index of our instance. i.e. the touchpad mouse - I have 3 mice attached...
int index = GetIndexOfInstance(diSetHandle, diData, instanceId);
// Disable...
EnableDevice(diSetHandle, diData[index], enable);
finally
if (diSetHandle != null)
if (diSetHandle.IsClosed == false)
diSetHandle.Close();
diSetHandle.Dispose();
private static DeviceInfoData[] GetDeviceInfoData(SafeDeviceInfoSetHandle handle)
List<DeviceInfoData> data = new List<DeviceInfoData>();
DeviceInfoData did = new DeviceInfoData();
int didSize = Marshal.SizeOf(did);
did.Size = didSize;
int index = 0;
while (NativeMethods.SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(handle, index, ref did))
data.Add(did);
index += 1;
did = new DeviceInfoData();
did.Size = didSize;
return data.ToArray();
// Find the index of the particular DeviceInfoData for the instanceId.
private static int GetIndexOfInstance(SafeDeviceInfoSetHandle handle, DeviceInfoData[] diData, string instanceId)
const int ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER = 122;
for (int index = 0; index <= diData.Length - 1; index++)
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(1);
int requiredSize = 0;
bool result = NativeMethods.SetupDiGetDeviceInstanceId(handle.DangerousGetHandle(), ref diData[index], sb, sb.Capacity, out requiredSize);
if (result == false && Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
sb.Capacity = requiredSize;
result = NativeMethods.SetupDiGetDeviceInstanceId(handle.DangerousGetHandle(), ref diData[index], sb, sb.Capacity, out requiredSize);
if (result == false)
throw new Win32Exception();
if (instanceId.Equals(sb.ToString()))
return index;
// not found
return -1;
// enable/disable...
private static void EnableDevice(SafeDeviceInfoSetHandle handle, DeviceInfoData diData, bool enable)
PropertyChangeParameters @params = new PropertyChangeParameters();
// The size is just the size of the header, but we've flattened the structure.
// The header comprises the first two fields, both integer.
@params.Size = 8;
@params.DiFunction = DiFunction.PropertyChange;
@params.Scope = Scopes.Global;
if (enable)
@params.StateChange = StateChangeAction.Enable;
else
@params.StateChange = StateChangeAction.Disable;
bool result = NativeMethods.SetupDiSetClassInstallParams(handle, ref diData, ref @params, Marshal.SizeOf(@params));
if (result == false) throw new Win32Exception();
result = NativeMethods.SetupDiCallClassInstaller(DiFunction.PropertyChange, handle, ref diData);
if (result == false)
int err = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
if (err == (int)SetupApiError.NotDisableable)
throw new ArgumentException("Device can't be disabled (programmatically or in Device Manager).");
else if (err >= (int)SetupApiError.NoAssociatedClass && err <= (int)SetupApiError.OnlyValidateViaAuthenticode)
throw new Win32Exception("SetupAPI error: " + ((SetupApiError)err).ToString());
else
throw new Win32Exception();
请注意，当您在 int index = GetIndexOfInstance(diSetHandle, diData, instanceId); 行上遇到 Index-Out-Of-Bounds 异常时，您可能为设备使用了错误的 classGuid 或错误的 instanceId。
另外请注意，当您在 64 位 Windows 平台上运行此代码时，您应该在构建应用程序时以 64 位平台为目标。否则 - 即在 64 位 Windows 平台上将应用程序作为 32 位进程运行时 - 您将收到 SetupAPI 错误 InWow64 (ERROR_IN_WOW64)。
以 64 位 Windows 平台为目标时，您可能还需要对应用程序的其他部分进行更改，例如在做指针运算时，为了防止溢出。
【讨论】：
谢谢，这是我需要知道的。 if (err = (int)SetupApiError.OnlyValidateViaAuthenticode) 应该翻转 (>= ... && ... @Edwin Evans - 不错的收获！我用你的修复更新了上面的代码。 @JustinGrant 我在 SetDeviceEnabled 函数中运行了这些代码。我在索引变量中得到 -1 值。在这方面你能帮我吗？ 我收到未经授权的异常，基于docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/setupapi/… 我猜您需要管理员权限才能使用该功能。有人可以确认该解决方案在 Windows 10 上是否适用于/不适用于正常用户权限？【参考方案2】：一种方法可能是使用Windows Management Instrumentation 层。这一层似乎定义了一些设备相关类。
【讨论】：
【参考方案3】：您可以考虑下面提到的 Win API CM_Request_Device_EjectW 函数： CM_Request_Device_Eject 函数准备一个本地设备实例以进行安全移除。如果设备是可移动的。 CM_Query_And_Remove_SubTreeW 函数： CM_Query_And_Remove_SubTree 函数检查是否可以删除设备实例及其子项，如果可以，则将其删除。
同样可以在这里找到：CM_Request_Device_EjectW 和 CM_Query_And_Remove_SubTreeW
【讨论】：
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