使用 Maven 生成一个可运行的 jar 并在其中包含库
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【中文标题】使用 Maven 生成一个可运行的 jar 并在其中包含库【英文标题】：Generate a runnable jar and include libraries in it with Maven 【发布时间】：2014-12-19 00:55:47 【问题描述】：我正在尝试使用 Maven 和 Eclipse 编译一个 Java 项目，但我尝试了很多在网上看到的解决方案，但似乎都没有。我只想构建应用程序，创建一个可运行的 jar 并包含所需的库。我尝试了 maven-dependency 或 maven-assembly 但我肯定会错过一些东西，因为我每次都失败了。
这是我的 pom.xml，可以吗？还是漏掉了什么？
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<!-- Project Description -->
<groupId>org.awax</groupId>
<artifactId>toolbox</artifactId>
<version>0.1.0</version>
<name>ToolBox</name>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<description>Custom library containing useful code</description>
<!-- Project Properties -->
<properties>
<jdk.version>1.7</jdk.version>
<!-- Libraries Version -->
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<jdom.version>2.0.5</jdom.version>
<miglayout.version>3.7.4</miglayout.version>
<jfreechart.version>1.0.19</jfreechart.version>
<bounce.version>0.18</bounce.version>
<!-- Maven Plugins Version -->
<eclipse.version>2.9</eclipse.version>
<compiler.version>3.2</compiler.version>
<jar.version>2.5</jar.version>
<assembly.version>2.4.1</assembly.version>
<dependency.version>2.5.1</dependency.version>
</properties>
<!-- Project Libraries -->
<dependencies>
<!-- LOG4J -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>$log4j.version</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Jdom -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jdom</groupId>
<artifactId>jdom2</artifactId>
<version>$jdom.version</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MigLayout -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.miglayout</groupId>
<artifactId>miglayout</artifactId>
<version>$miglayout.version</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JFreeChart -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jfree</groupId>
<artifactId>jfreechart</artifactId>
<version>$jfreechart.version</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Bounce -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.bounce</groupId>
<artifactId>bounce</artifactId>
<version>$bounce.version</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- Build Options -->
<build>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<!-- Attach source code and Javadoc -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-eclipse-plugin</artifactId>
<version>$eclipse.version</version>
<configuration>
<downloadSources>true</downloadSources>
<downloadJavadocs>false</downloadJavadocs>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- Set a JDK compiler level -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>$compiler.version</version>
<configuration>
<source>$jdk.version</source>
<target>$jdk.version</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- Copy project dependencies -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<version>$dependency.version</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>copy-dependencies</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<includeScope>provided</includeScope>
<outputDirectory>$project.build.directory/dependency</outputDirectory>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!-- Create the Jar -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<version>$jar.version</version>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<!-- Jar file entry point -->
<mainClass>$project.groupId.$project.artifactId.tools.WaveformGenerator</mainClass>
</manifest>
</archive>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- Add dependencies to generated Jar -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<version>$assembly.version</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>single</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<descriptorRefs>
<descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
</descriptorRefs>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
【问题讨论】：
删除标签pluginManagemen 并保留其余部分...除此之外，请检查您的构建命令，而不是在 Eclipse 中。
【参考方案1】：
使用maven-assembly-plugin 生成带有依赖关系的可执行jar
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<version>2.4.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>make-executable-jar-with-dependencies</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>single</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
<mainClass>com.coderplus.sample.MainClass</mainClass>
</manifest>
</archive>
<descriptorRefs>
<descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
</descriptorRefs>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
它不适合你，因为你已经在 pluginManagement 部分添加了插件执行。 pluginManagement 应该用于管理插件版本和配置。
构建标签的最小版本：
<build>
<!-- if you have a multimodule project, I will probably manage this in the
parent pom -->
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<version>$assembly.version</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>make-executable-jar-with-dependencies</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>single</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
<mainClass>com.coderplus.sample.MainClass</mainClass>
</manifest>
</archive>
<descriptorRefs>
<descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
</descriptorRefs>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
【讨论】：
是的，它有效！谢谢 ！但是我得到了两个 jar，一个 toolbox-0.1.0 和 toolbox-0.1.0-jar-with-dependencies，为什么？ 这就是它应该做的：生成一个包含依赖项的可执行 jar 和一个常规 jar。如果您不需要常规的，则将 appendAssemblyId 设置为 false。 maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/…以上是关于使用 Maven 生成一个可运行的 jar 并在其中包含库的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
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