如何将复杂的 JSON 字符串放入 SQL Server 列中

Posted 2023-03-24

【中文标题】如何将复杂的 JSON 字符串放入 SQL Server 列中

【英文标题】：How to get complex JSON string into columns SQL Server

【发布时间】：2021-04-22 14:30:02

【问题描述】：

我已将一些数据作为 JSON 字符串存储在表中，如下所示。

[
   
      "firstName":"John",
      "lastName":"Smith",
      "age":25,
      "Address":
         "streetAddress":"21 2nd Street",
         "city":"New York",
         "state":"NY",
         "postalCode":"10021"
      ,
      "PhoneNumbers":
         "home":"212 555-1234",
         "fax":"646 555-4567"
      
   ,
   
      "firstName":"Mike",
      "lastName":"Lee",
      "age":30,
      "Address":
         "streetAddress":"10 Street",
         "city":"New York",
         "state":"NY",
         "postalCode":"10021"
      ,
      "PhoneNumbers":
         "home":"212 555-3265",
         "fax":""
      
   
]

要将这些数据导出到 excel 文件，我需要进行查询以获取这些详细信息，如下所示

使用 CROSS APPLY OPENJSON 我可以获取姓名和年龄，但如何获取地址和联系方式作为列？

【参考方案1】：

您需要使用OPENJSON() 和相应的paths：

JSON：

DECLARE @json nvarchar(max) = N'[
   
      "firstName":"John",
      "lastName":"Smith",
      "age":25,
      "Address":
         "streetAddress":"21 2nd Street",
         "city":"New York",
         "state":"NY",
         "postalCode":"10021"
      ,
      "PhoneNumbers":
         "home":"212 555-1234",
         "fax":"646 555-4567"
      
   ,
   
      "firstName":"Mike",
      "lastName":"Lee",
      "age":30,
      "Address":
         "streetAddress":"10 Street",
         "city":"New York",
         "state":"NY",
         "postalCode":"10021"
      ,
      "PhoneNumbers":
         "home":"212 555-3265",
         "fax":""
      
   
]'

声明：

SELECT *
FROM OPENJSON(@json) WITH (
   FirstName nvarchar(100) '$.firstName',
   LastName nvarchar(100) '$.lastName',
   Age int '$.age',
   Name nvarchar(100) '$.firstName',
   StreetAddress nvarchar(100) '$.Address.streetAddress',
   City nvarchar(100) '$.Address.city',
   State nvarchar(100) '$.Address.state',
   PostalCode nvarchar(100) '$.Address.postalCode',
   HomePhone nvarchar(100) '$.PhoneNumbers.home',
   Fax nvarchar(100) '$.PhoneNumbers.fax'
)

结果：

FirstName LastName Age Name StreetAddress City     State PostalCode HomePhone    Fax
John      Smith     25 John 21 2nd Street New York NY    10021      212 555-1234 646 555-4567
Mike      Lee       30 Mike 10 Street     New York NY    10021      212 555-3265    

【讨论】：

谢谢。我很接近，只是缺少 Address.postalCode 的东西。 :)