TypeError：需要一个类似字节的对象，而不是'str'-python 2到3 [重复]

Posted 2023-03-16

【中文标题】TypeError：需要一个类似字节的对象，而不是\'str\'-python 2到3 [重复]

【英文标题】：TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str' - python 2 to 3 [duplicate]TypeError：需要一个类似字节的对象，而不是'str'-python 2到3 [重复]

【发布时间】：2018-01-10 22:39:55

【问题描述】：

您好，我在处理此错误消息时遇到了问题。我是 Python 新手，这个 Python2 和 Python3 很麻烦。我不知道这里该怎么做，错误信息如下所示。

Using Ticker: AAPL
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "realtime.py", line 18, in <module>
        r=requests.get(auth_url, headers="Authorization": "Basic %s" % base64.b64encode(os.environ['INTRINIO_USER'] + ":" + os.environ['INTRINIO_PASSWORD']))
      File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\base64.py", line 58, in b64encode
        encoded = binascii.b2a_base64(s, newline=False)
    TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

我使用的代码如下所示。

import websocket
import _thread
import time
import requests
import base64
import json
import sys
import os
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

try:
    print ("Using Ticker: " + str(sys.argv[1]))
except:
    print ("Please include ticker as first argument")
    sys.exit()

auth_url = "https://realtime.intrinio.com/auth";
r=requests.get(auth_url, headers="Authorization": "Basic %s" % base64.b64encode(os.environ['INTRINIO_USER'] + ":" + os.environ['INTRINIO_PASSWORD']))

socket_target = "wss://realtime.intrinio.com/socket/websocket?token=%s" % (r.text)

def on_message(ws, message):
    try:
        result = json.loads(message)
        print (result["payload"])
    except:
        print (message)

def on_error(ws, error):
    print ("###ERROR### " + error)

def on_close(ws):
    print ("###CONNECTION CLOSED###")

def on_open(ws):
    def run(*args):
        security = "iex:securities:" + str(sys.argv[1]).upper()
        message = json.dumps("topic": security,"event": "phx_join","payload": ,"ref": "1")
        ws.send(message)
    thread.start_new_thread(run, ())


websocket.enableTrace(True)
ws = websocket.WebSocketApp(socket_target, on_message = on_message, on_error = on_error, on_close = on_close)
ws.on_open = on_open
ws.run_forever()

【问题讨论】：

相关：***.com/questions/21689365/…

您正在将字符串os.environ['INTRINIO_USER'] + ":" + os.environ['INTRINIO_PASSWORD'] 传递给base64.b64encode()，对吧？

是的所以 r=requests.get(auth_url, headers="Authorization": "Basic %s" % base64.b64encode(os.environ['INTRINIO_USER'] + ":" + os. environ['INTRINIO_PASSWORD'], 'uft-8'))?

【参考方案1】：

您应该将str 编码为bytes。

data_string = os.environ['INTRINIO_USER'] + ":" + os.environ['INTRINIO_PASSWORD']

data_bytes = data_string.encode("utf-8")

base64.b64encode(data_bytes)

【讨论】：

这是错字吗？ “data_str”和“data_bytes”在哪里使用？

行：r=requests.get(auth_url, headers="Authorization": "Basic %s" % base64.b64encode(os.environ['INTRINIO_USER'] + ":" + os. environ['INTRINIO_PASSWORD'])) 使用 r=requests.get(auth_url, headers="Authorization": "Basic %s" % base64.b64encode((os.environ['INTRINIO_USER'] + ":" + os .environ['INTRINIO_PASSWORD']).encode("utf-8"))) 代替；