SQLDeveloper 运行查询，但从休眠中获得“ORA-00979: Not a Group By expression”

Posted 2023-03-15

【中文标题】SQLDeveloper 运行查询，但从休眠中获得“ORA-00979: Not a Group By expression”

【英文标题】：SQLDeveloper runs query but getting a "ORA-00979: Not a Group By expression" from hibernate

【发布时间】：2012-11-16 22:16:42

【问题描述】：

我的数据看起来像这样：

  sensorid |  sampletime             |  correctedvalue   | qualityflag
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
  4472     | 27-OCT-10 00:00:00.123  |   3.75            | 0
  4472     | 27-OCT-10 00:00:01.324  |   3.85            | 0
  4472     | 27-OCT-10 00:00:02.123  |   3.92            | 0
  4472     | 27-OCT-10 00:00:03.324  |   4.05            | 0

还有一个在 Oracle SQL Developer 中运行良好的查询（它返回平均超过 15 秒的数据）：

select sensorid,
    trunc(sampletime,'hh24') + 
    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,'mi')))/24/60 +
    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,'ss')/15)*15)/24/60/60 as tspan, 
    avg(correctedvalue),
    max(qualityflag)
from scalarsample
group by sensorid, 
    trunc(sampletime,'hh24') + 
    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,'mi')))/24/60 +
    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,'ss')/15)*15)/24/60/60
order by tspan

但是当我将它插入到我的 java 代码中时，我得到一个错误：

org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: could not execute query
at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.convert(SQLStateConverter.java:67)
at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:43)
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doList(Loader.java:2223)
...
Caused by: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: ORA-00979: not a GROUP BY expression

at oracle.jdbc.driver.SQLStateMapping.newSQLException(SQLStateMapping.java:221)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.DatabaseError.newSQLException(DatabaseError.java:118)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.DatabaseError.throwSqlException(DatabaseError.java:224)
...

我在 Jave 中使用的实际查询字符串看起来更像这样：

select sensorid,
    trunc(sampletime,'hh24') + 
    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,'mi')))/24/60 +
    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,'ss')/?)*?)/24/60/60 as tspan, 
    avg(correctedvalue),
    max(qualityflag)
from scalarsample
where sampletime between ? and ?
    and sensorid = ?
group by sensorid, 
    trunc(sampletime,'hh24') + 
    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,'mi')))/24/60 +
    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,'ss')/?)*?)/24/60/60
order by tspan

并通过调用来设置参数：

SQLQuery q = session.createSQLQuery(queryString);
q.setInteger(0, averagingWindowInSeconds);
q.setInteger(1, averagingWindowInSeconds);
q.setTimestamp(2, dateFrom);
q.setTimestamp(3, dateTo);
q.setInteger(4, sensorId);
q.setInteger(5, averagingWindowInSeconds);
q.setInteger(6, averagingWindowInSeconds);
q.addEntity(ScalarSampleState.class);

有人知道为什么我会收到“不是 GROUP BY 表达式”错误吗？

我在这里从 Tom 那里学到了这种对时间间隔进行平均的方法： http://asktom.oracle.com/pls/apex/f?p=100:11:0::::P11_QUESTION_ID:4222062043865

编辑 它几乎似乎可以通过以下方式解决：

select sensorid,
    trunc(sampletime,'hh24') + 
    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,'mi')))/24/60 +
    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,'ss')/?)*?)/24/60/60 as sampletime, 
    avg(correctedvalue),
    max(qualityflag)
from scalarsample
where sampletime between ? and ?
    and sensorid = ?
group by sensorid, sampletime
order by sampletime

注意：我使用 sampletime 重命名了该列，它是表中某一列的名称。它不适用于名称“tspan”而不是采样时间：

ORA-00904: "TSPAN": invalid identifier
00904. 00000 -  "%s: invalid identifier"

当我命名新列 sampletime 并在 GROUP BY by 子句中使用 sampletime 时，该错误消失了，查询在 SQLDeveloper 中完美运行。不幸的是，当从 Java 运行时，它为每个采样时间返回了几个相同的行。呜呜呜……

解决方案： 起作用的是下面选择的解决方案——我去掉了字符串周围的引号和加号，使其在此处更具可读性：

SELECT
    sensorid, 
    TRUNC( sampletime, hh24) +
    (TRUNC(to_char(sampletime,'mi')))/24/60 +
    (TRUNC(to_char(sampletime,'ss')//averagingWindowInSeconds )*averagingWindowInSeconds)/24/60/60 as sampletime,
    AVG( correctedvalue) as correctedvalue, 
    MAX(qualityflag)
FROM scalarsample
WHERE 
    sampletime BETWEEN ? AND ?
    AND sensorid = ?
GROUP BY sensorid,
    TRUNC( sampletime, hh24) +
    (TRUNC(to_char(sampletime,'mi')))/24/60 +
    (TRUNC(to_char(sampletime,'ss')//averagingWindowInSeconds 
ORDER BY sampletime ";  

【问题讨论】：

Это вседа так бывает не очень хороший вопрос.

如果我没记错的话，ORDER BY 应该只列出 GROUP BY 表达式。尝试 ORDER BY 2 或省略 ORDER BY 并切换前两个 SELECT 列。

抱歉，找到了this。也许这意味着应该做ORDER by tspan, sensorid。

我会同意的，但它在 SQL Developer 中运行良好。它与 Hibernate 有关，但如果是对象映射问题，错误消息就没有意义。

不需要积分。很高兴你找到它。

【参考方案1】：

看起来 JDBC 驱动程序正在为每个“？”创建一个唯一的绑定变量名。不幸的是，在 Oracle 中，group by 子句必须逐个字符地匹配 select 子句，正因为如此，它不匹配。 我在 Oracle 中用您的数据模拟了一个表，并使用动态 SQL 和绑定变量运行了一些测试查询。 首先，使用顺序命名的绑定变量：

SQL> l
  1  declare
  2  cur sys_refcursor;
  3  begin
  4  open cur for 'select sensorid, ' ||
  5  '    trunc(sampletime,''hh24'') +  ' ||
  6  '    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,''mi'')))/24/60 + ' ||
  7  '    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,''ss'')/:b1)*:b2)/24/60/60 as tspan,  ' ||
  8  '    avg(correctedvalue), ' ||
  9  '    max(qualityflag) ' ||
 10  'from scalarsample ' ||
 11  'where sampletime between DATE ''2010-10-27'' and DATE ''2010-10-28'' ' ||
 12  '    and sensorid = 4472 ' ||
 13  'group by sensorid,  ' ||
 14  '    trunc(sampletime,''hh24'') +  ' ||
 15  '    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,''mi'')))/24/60 + ' ||
 16  '    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,''ss'')/:b3)*:b4)/24/60/60 ' ||
 17  'order by tspan'
 18  using 15, 15, 15, 15;
 19  close cur;
 20* end;

结果：

SQL> @test
declare
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00979: not a GROUP BY expression
ORA-06512: at line 4

其次，使用同名绑定变量：

SQL> l
  1  declare
  2  cur sys_refcursor;
  3  begin
  4  open cur for 'select sensorid, ' ||
  5  '    trunc(sampletime,''hh24'') +  ' ||
  6  '    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,''mi'')))/24/60 + ' ||
  7  '    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,''ss'')/:b1)*:b1)/24/60/60 as tspan,  ' ||
  8  '    avg(correctedvalue), ' ||
  9  '    max(qualityflag) ' ||
 10  'from scalarsample ' ||
 11  'where sampletime between DATE ''2010-10-27'' and DATE ''2010-10-28'' ' ||
 12  '    and sensorid = 4472 ' ||
 13  'group by sensorid,  ' ||
 14  '    trunc(sampletime,''hh24'') +  ' ||
 15  '    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,''mi'')))/24/60 + ' ||
 16  '    (trunc(to_char(sampletime,''ss'')/:b1)*:b1)/24/60/60 ' ||
 17  'order by tspan'
 18  using 15, 15, 15, 15;
 19  close cur;
 20* end;

结果：

SQL> @test
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

因此，请尝试将您的 averagingWindowInSeconds 值连接到您的查询，而不是使用这 4 个绑定变量。

【讨论】：

哇，这真的很酷。我似乎记得以前遇到过绑定变量的问题。我原以为只有在使用带有命名查询的 Query 对象时才会发生这种情况，而上次我使用使用查询字符串创建的 SQLQuery 对象来解决它。上面的评论有助于解决问题，显然是通过将绑定变量从 group-by 短语中取出 感谢您的见解！

这行得通。感谢您提供的出色示例和对原因的非常清晰的解释！我将 averagingWindowInSeconds 连接到 group by 子句中，现在可以正常工作了。