aiohttp.TCPConnector(带限制参数)与 asyncio.Semaphore 用于限制并发连接数
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【中文标题】aiohttp.TCPConnector(带限制参数)与 asyncio.Semaphore 用于限制并发连接数【英文标题】:aiohttp.TCPConnector (with limit argument) vs asyncio.Semaphore for limiting the number of concurrent connections 【发布时间】:2017-08-18 13:03:48 【问题描述】:我想通过制作一个允许您一次下载多个资源的简单脚本来学习新的 python async await 语法,更具体地说是 asyncio 模块。
但现在我被困住了。
在研究过程中,我发现了两个限制并发请求数量的选项:
-
将 aiohttp.TCPConnector(带有限制参数)传递给 aiohttp.ClientSession 或
使用 asyncio.Semaphore。
如果您只想限制并发连接数,是否有首选选项或者它们可以互换使用? 在性能方面(大致)是否相等?
两者似乎都具有 100 个并发连接/操作的默认值。如果我只使用限制为 500 的信号量,aiohttp 内部是否会隐式地将我锁定为 100 个并发连接?
这对我来说都是非常新的和不清楚的。请随时指出我的任何误解或代码中的缺陷。
这是我当前包含两个选项的代码(我应该删除哪个?):
额外问题:
-
如何处理(最好重试 x 次)引发错误的 coros?
完成 coro 后立即保存返回数据(通知我的 DataHandler)的最佳方法是什么?我不希望最后全部保存,因为我可以尽快开始处理结果。
s
import asyncio
from tqdm import tqdm
import uvloop as uvloop
from aiohttp import ClientSession, TCPConnector, BasicAuth
# You can ignore this class
class DummyDataHandler(DataHandler):
"""Takes data and stores it somewhere"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def take(self, origin_url, data):
return True
def done(self):
return None
class AsyncDownloader(object):
def __init__(self, concurrent_connections=100, silent=False, data_handler=None, loop_policy=None):
self.concurrent_connections = concurrent_connections
self.silent = silent
self.data_handler = data_handler or DummyDataHandler()
self.sending_bar = None
self.receiving_bar = None
asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(loop_policy or uvloop.EventLoopPolicy())
self.loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
self.semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(concurrent_connections)
async def fetch(self, session, url):
# This is option 1: The semaphore, limiting the number of concurrent coros,
# thereby limiting the number of concurrent requests.
with (await self.semaphore):
async with session.get(url) as response:
# Bonus Question 1: What is the best way to retry a request that failed?
resp_task = asyncio.ensure_future(response.read())
self.sending_bar.update(1)
resp = await resp_task
await response.release()
if not self.silent:
self.receiving_bar.update(1)
return resp
async def batch_download(self, urls, auth=None):
# This is option 2: Limiting the number of open connections directly via the TCPConnector
conn = TCPConnector(limit=self.concurrent_connections, keepalive_timeout=60)
async with ClientSession(connector=conn, auth=auth) as session:
await asyncio.gather(*[asyncio.ensure_future(self.download_and_save(session, url)) for url in urls])
async def download_and_save(self, session, url):
content_task = asyncio.ensure_future(self.fetch(session, url))
content = await content_task
# Bonus Question 2: This is blocking, I know. Should this be wrapped in another coro
# or should I use something like asyncio.as_completed in the download function?
self.data_handler.take(origin_url=url, data=content)
def download(self, urls, auth=None):
if isinstance(auth, tuple):
auth = BasicAuth(*auth)
print('Running on concurrency level '.format(self.concurrent_connections))
self.sending_bar = tqdm(urls, total=len(urls), desc='Sent ', unit='requests')
self.sending_bar.update(0)
self.receiving_bar = tqdm(urls, total=len(urls), desc='Reveived', unit='requests')
self.receiving_bar.update(0)
tasks = self.batch_download(urls, auth)
self.loop.run_until_complete(tasks)
return self.data_handler.done()
### call like so ###
URL_PATTERN = 'https://www.example.com/.html'
def gen_url(lower=0, upper=None):
for i in range(lower, upper):
yield URL_PATTERN.format(i)
ad = AsyncDownloader(concurrent_connections=30)
data = ad.download([g for g in gen_url(upper=1000)])
【问题讨论】:
我也有同样的问题,看来他们可以互换使用***.com/questions/35196974/…asyncio.Semaphore
类的内部计数器只有默认值 1。在这里查看asyncio
Synchronisation Primitives 可以根据需要增加到更高的值,但是,您的操作系统仍然对同时打开的文件数量有限制(TCP连接是*nix-like系统中的文件,包括macOS)
对于附加问题 2,请查看软件架构中的生产者-消费者设计模式。
一般我更喜欢看最少的代码来描述问题,但我只是在这里发现了tqdm。不再需要我的手卷 ascii 微调器,谢谢!
【参考方案1】:
有首选方案吗?
是的,见下文:
aiohttp 内部是否会隐式地将我锁定到 100 个并发连接?
是的,默认值 100 将锁定您,除非您指定其他限制。 您可以在此处的源代码中看到它:https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/blob/master/aiohttp/connector.py#L1084
它们在性能方面(大致)相等吗?
否(但性能差异应该可以忽略不计),因为aiohttp.TCPConnector
无论如何都会检查可用连接,无论它是否被信号量包围,在这里使用信号量只是不必要的开销。
如何处理(最好重试 x 次)引发错误的 coros?
我认为没有标准的方法可以做到这一点,但一种解决方案是将您的调用包装在这样的方法中:
async def retry_requests(...):
for i in range(5):
try:
return (await session.get(...)
except aiohttp.ClientResponseError:
pass
【讨论】:
【参考方案2】:如何处理(最好重试 x 次)引发错误的 coros?
我创建了一个 Python 装饰器来处理它
def retry(cls, exceptions, tries=3, delay=2, backoff=2):
"""
Retry calling the decorated function using an exponential backoff. This
is required in case of requesting Braze API produces any exceptions.
Args:
exceptions: The exception to check. may be a tuple of
exceptions to check.
tries: Number of times to try (not retry) before giving up.
delay: Initial delay between retries in seconds.
backoff: Backoff multiplier (e.g. value of 2 will double the delay
each retry).
"""
def deco_retry(func):
@wraps(func)
def f_retry(*args, **kwargs):
mtries, mdelay = tries, delay
while mtries > 1:
try:
return func(*args, **kwargs)
except exceptions as e:
msg = ', Retrying in seconds...'.format(e, mdelay)
if logging:
logging.warning(msg)
else:
print(msg)
time.sleep(mdelay)
mtries -= 1
mdelay *= backoff
return func(*args, **kwargs)
return f_retry
return deco_retry
【讨论】:
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