java.lang.IllegalStateException：在 Spring Boot 中无法加载 ApplicationContext 错误
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【中文标题】java.lang.IllegalStateException：在 Spring Boot 中无法加载 ApplicationContext 错误【英文标题】：java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext error in Spring Boot 【发布时间】：2020-02-20 15:28:22 【问题描述】：我是单元测试的新手，我必须在 Spring Boot 中测试我的方法。 我使用 Spring Security JWT Authentication + PostgreSQL – RestAPIs SpringBoot + Spring MVC + Spring JPA 从 this link 创建了应用程序 然后我为用户创建了控制器来编辑更新等。 我的用户控制器看起来像这样
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class Users
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@GetMapping(value = "/*")//can access with this root
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')") //Only admin can view all users' details
public List<User> AllUsers()
return this.userService.getAllUsers();
@GetMapping(value = "/username")//can access with this root
public User GetOneUser(@PathVariable(value = "username") String username)
Authentication auth = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();
String auth_name = auth.getName(); //get logged in username
if(auth_name.equals(username)||this.userService.isAdmin(auth_name))//admin and user can see the details
return this.userService.getUser(username);
else
return null;
@DeleteMapping(value = "/id")//can access with this root
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')") //Only admin can delete user
public void DeleteUser(@PathVariable(value = "id") Long id)
this.userService.deleteUser(id);
@PostMapping(value = "/username")//can access with this root
public User EditUser(@PathVariable(value = "username") String username,@RequestBody SignUpForm user) //only user can edit
Authentication auth = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();
String auth_name = auth.getName(); //get logged in username
User upUser=null;
if(auth_name.equals(username))
upUser=this.userService.updateUser(username,user);
return upUser;
然后我像这样创建了 UserService：
@Service
public class UserService
@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository;
@Autowired
private RoleRepository roleRepository;
@Autowired
PasswordEncoder encoder;
public List<User> getAllUsers()
// return topics;
List<User> users=new ArrayList<>();
userRepository.findAll().forEach(users::add);
return users;
public boolean isAdmin(String username)
boolean flag=false;
if(this.userRepository.existsByUsername(username))
User user=this.userRepository.findByUsername(username).get();
Role adminRole = roleRepository.findByName(RoleName.ROLE_ADMIN)
.orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("Fail! -> Cause: User Role not find."));
if(user.getId().equals(adminRole.getId()))
flag=true;
return flag;
public User getUser(String username)
return userRepository.findByUsername(username).orElse(null);
public User updateUser(String username, SignUpForm user)
if(userRepository.existsByUsername(username))
User ExistingUser=userRepository.findByUsername(username).get();
if(ExistingUser.getName()!=user.getName())
ExistingUser.setName(user.getName());
if(ExistingUser.getUsername()!=user.getUsername())
ExistingUser.setUsername(user.getUsername());
if(ExistingUser.getPassword()!=user.getPassword())
ExistingUser.setPassword(encoder.encode(user.getPassword()));
if(ExistingUser.getEmail()!=user.getEmail())
ExistingUser.setEmail(user.getEmail());
Set<String> Roles =user.getRole();
Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<>();
Roles.forEach(role ->
switch(role)
case "admin":
Role adminRole = roleRepository.findByName(RoleName.ROLE_ADMIN)
.orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("Fail! -> Cause: User Role not find."));
roles.add(adminRole);
break;
case "pm":
Role pmRole = roleRepository.findByName(RoleName.ROLE_PM)
.orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("Fail! -> Cause: User Role not find."));
roles.add(pmRole);
break;
default:
Role userRole = roleRepository.findByName(RoleName.ROLE_USER)
.orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("Fail! -> Cause: User Role not find."));
roles.add(userRole);
);
if(ExistingUser.getRoles()!=roles)
ExistingUser.setRoles(roles);
userRepository.save(ExistingUser);
return userRepository.findByUsername(user.getUsername()).get();
public void deleteUser(Long id)
userRepository.deleteById(id);
它有效。
然后我创建了一个类来测试来自 UserService 的 getUser() 方法
@WebMvcTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class UserServiceTest
@MockBean
UserRepository repository;
@Autowired
UserService userService;
@Test
public void getUserTest()
User user=this.userService.getUser("arife");
assertThat(user).isNotNull();
但它给了我这样的错误：
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:125)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:108)
at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.postProcessFields(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:95)
at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.injectFields(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:79)
at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:54)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:246)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'authRestAPIs': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'authenticationManager'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'webSecurityConfig': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'userDetailsService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'springbootjwtauthenticationpostgresql.springbootjwtauthenticationpostgresql.security.services.UserDetailsServiceImpl' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:598)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:90)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:376)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1411)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:592)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:515)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:320)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:318)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:847)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:877)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:549)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:744)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:391)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:312)
at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:120)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:117)
... 25 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'webSecurityConfig': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'userDetailsService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'springbootjwtauthenticationpostgresql.springbootjwtauthenticationpostgresql.security.services.UserDetailsServiceImpl' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:598)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:90)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:376)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1411)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:592)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:515)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:320)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:318)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:392)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1321)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1160)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:555)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:515)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:320)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:318)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveCandidate(DependencyDescriptor.java:277)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1255)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1175)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:595)
... 43 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'springbootjwtauthenticationpostgresql.springbootjwtauthenticationpostgresql.security.services.UserDetailsServiceImpl' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1662)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1221)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1175)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:595)
... 65 more
有人可以帮我吗？
【问题讨论】：
您正在使用基于 Web 的测试来测试服务。这显然行不通。@WebMVcTest 用于测试控制器，而不是测试服务。
你试过用@Service 注释 UserDetailsServiceImpl 吗？我希望 UserDetailsServiceImpl 是您在代码中自动装配的 bean 的实现。
是的，我用 @Service 注释了 UserDetailsServiceImpl
【参考方案1】：
现在我是这样写的
@DataJpaTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class UserServiceTest
@MockBean
UserService userService;
@Test
public void getUserTest()
assertThat(this.userService.getUser("arife")).isNotNull();
然后我添加了新文件 application-test.properties
@ActiveProfiles("test")
#PostgreSQL
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql:
spring.datasource.username=
spring.datasource.password=
spring.jpa.generate-ddl=true
现在它给了我错误
java.lang.AssertionError:
Expecting actual not to be null
at springbootjwtauthenticationpostgresql.springbootjwtauthenticationpostgresql.model.UserServiceTest.getUserTest(UserServiceTest.java:59)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.java:74)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.java:84)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:251)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
我认为没有连接到数据库
【讨论】：
【参考方案2】：如果您不添加更多详细信息（日志跟踪、代码快照...），很难跟进您的问题
但也许你能找到我做的这个宠物项目（https://github.com/geeksusma/jwt-rest-controller）
基本上是一个与 JWT 配合使用的 RestController。
希望对你有帮助
【讨论】：
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