过渡 SVG 过滤器
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【中文标题】过渡 SVG 过滤器【英文标题】:Transition an SVG Filter 【发布时间】:2015-09-17 02:24:37 【问题描述】:我正在尝试创建一种材质设计,例如 SVG 圆圈上的阴影。当你点击圆圈时,我希望这个阴影随着一个很好的过渡而增长,但目前我什至在努力弄清楚是否可以为这个过渡设置动画,所以我希望有人能提供帮助。
我已经添加了一个小例子来说明我目前所做的,一个带有阴影的圆圈,鼠标悬停时会发生变化。我花了很长时间尝试在 CSS 中做阴影,但得出的结论是我认为现在不可能。
现在我已经有了阴影,但我找不到动画方法。我找到了一些使用动画标签作为单个属性(例如圆圈的颜色)的示例,并找到了使用关键帧进行 CSS 转换的示例,但在这里我想修改实际的过滤器本身。这可能吗?有人可以说明您如何实现这一目标 - 理想情况下,我正在尝试实现 IE10/FF/Chrome 兼容性,所以我很想知道该解决方案是否有任何并发症?
circle
fill: #8BC34A;
stroke: white;
stroke-width: 2px;
filter: url(#f1);
transition: 2s ease;
circle:hover
filter: url(#f2);
transition: 2s ease;
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" viewPort="0 0 200 200">
<defs>
<filter id="f1" x="-40%" y="-40%" >
<feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="0" />
<feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="offOut" stdDeviation="10" />
<feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
</filter>
<filter id="f2" x="-40%" y="-40%" >
<feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="0" />
<feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="offOut" stdDeviation="30" />
<feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
</filter>
</defs>
<circle r="100" cx="150" cy="150" />
</svg>
更新
在尝试了一些事情之后,我将一些示例放在一起,尽管没有一个完全符合我的要求。我需要能够在单个/多个元素(而不是 SVG 中的每个圆圈)上切换转换,我可能有数百个元素。我最终还想改变圆的大小(根据材料设计提升),然后增加下方阴影的侧面。
/*************************/
/* javascript Animations */
/*************************/
(function()
var svg = d3.select("#svg_javaScriptAnimation");
setInterval(function()
// Animate
svg.selectAll(".circle")
.transition()
.duration(1950)
.attr("r", 130);
svg.selectAll(".jA_shadow")
.transition()
.duration(1950)
.attr("r", 130);
svg.selectAll(".jA_shadow_expanding")
.transition()
.duration(1950)
.attr("r", 140);
svg.selectAll(".jA_shadow_large")
.transition()
.duration(1950)
.attr("r", 110);
// Reset
svg.selectAll(".circle")
.transition()
.delay(1960)
.duration(1)
.attr("r", 110);
svg.selectAll(".jA_shadow")
.transition()
.delay(1960)
.duration(1)
.attr("r", 110);
svg.selectAll(".jA_shadow_expanding")
.transition()
.delay(1960)
.duration(1)
.attr("r", 110);
svg.selectAll(".jA_shadow_large")
.transition()
.delay(1960)
.duration(1)
.attr("r", 80);
, 2000);
)();
circle
fill: #8BC34A;
stroke: white;
stroke-width: 2px;
text
fill: white;
/*****************/
/* CSS KeyFrames */
/*****************/
#svg_keyframes
animation:filters 2s infinite;
@-webkit-keyframes filters
0%
-webkit-filter:drop-shadow(0px 16px 10px #333);
100%
-webkit-filter:drop-shadow(0px 16px 30px #333);
/***********************************/
/* CSS KeyFrames using SVG Filters */
/***********************************/
.kf_Shadow1
-webkit-animation-name: shadow-expand; / Chrome, Safari, Opera /
-webkit-animation-duration: 2s; / Chrome, Safari, Opera /
-webkit-animation-iteration-count: infinite;
animation-name: shadow-expand;
animation-duration: 2s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
.kf_Fill1
-webkit-animation-name: circle-fill; / Chrome, Safari, Opera /
-webkit-animation-duration: 2s; / Chrome, Safari, Opera /
-webkit-animation-iteration-count: infinite;
animation-name: circle-fill;
animation-duration: 2s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
.kf_DropShadow1
-webkit-animation-name: drop-shadow-expand; / Chrome, Safari, Opera /
-webkit-animation-duration: 2s; / Chrome, Safari, Opera /
-webkit-animation-iteration-count: infinite;
animation-name: drop-shadow-expand;
animation-duration: 2s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
/* Demonstrate that fill works correctly */
@keyframes circle-fill
0% fill: #FF0000;
25% fill: #BB0033;
50% fill: #990066;
75% fill: #4400aa;
100% fill: #0000ff;
/* Demonstrate that filter doesn't work as hoped */
@keyframes shadow-expand
0% filter: url(#f1); -webkit-filter: url(#f1);
25% filter: url(#f2); -webkit-filter: url(#f1);
50% filter: url(#f3); -webkit-filter: url(#f1);
75% filter: url(#f4); -webkit-filter: url(#f1);
100% filter: url(#f5); -webkit-filter: url(#f1);
@keyframes drop-shadow-expand
0% -webkit-filter:drop-shadow(0px 16px 10px #333);
25% -webkit-filter:drop-shadow(0px 16px 15px #333);
50% -webkit-filter:drop-shadow(0px 16px 20px #333);
75% -webkit-filter:drop-shadow(0px 16px 25px #333);
100% -webkit-filter:drop-shadow(0px 16px 30px #333);
/*************************/
/* SVG Filter Animations */
/*************************/
.fA_shadow
filter: url(#f1);
/*************************/
/* JavaScript Animations */
/*************************/
.jA_shadow
filter: url(#f1);
stroke: none !important;
.jA_shadow_expanding
filter: url(#f1);
stroke: none !important;
fill: #CCC !important;
.jA_shadow_large
filter: url(#f2);
stroke: none !important;
fill: #CCC !important;
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/3.4.11/d3.min.js"></script>
<h1>CSS Keyframes</h1>
<p>The downside here is that the animation seems to require attaching to the svg element, which causes all of the circles to animate their drop shadows</p>
<svg id="svg_keyframes" >
<g transform="translate(120, 140)">
<circle r="110"/>
<text dx="-1.5em">Circle 1</text>
</g>
<g transform="translate(420, 140)">
<circle r="110"/>
<text dx="-1.5em">Circle 2</text>
</g>
</svg>
<h1>CSS Keyframes referencing SVG Filters</h1>
<p>Unfortunately it seems that this approach simply doesn't work. The idea was that the class would change triggering a keyframe which would progressively change the filter being applied by specifying gradually expanding filters</p>
<svg id="svg_filterKeyFrames" >
<defs>
<filter id="f1" x="-40%" y="-40%" >
<feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="4" />
<feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="matrixOut" stdDeviation="10" />
<feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
</filter>
<filter id="f2" x="-40%" y="-40%" >
<feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="7" />
<feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="matrixOut" stdDeviation="15" />
<feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
</filter>
<filter id="f3" x="-40%" y="-40%" >
<feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="10" />
<feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="matrixOut" stdDeviation="20" />
<feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
</filter>
<filter id="f4" x="-40%" y="-40%" >
<feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="13" />
<feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="matrixOut" stdDeviation="25" />
<feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
</filter>
<filter id="f5" x="-40%" y="-40%" >
<feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="16" />
<feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="matrixOut" stdDeviation="30" />
<feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
</filter>
</defs>
<g transform="translate(120, 140)">
<circle class="kf_Shadow1" r="110"/>
<text dx="-4.5em">Shadow should change</text>
</g>
<g transform="translate(420, 140)">
<circle class="kf_Fill1" r="110"/>
<text dx="-4.5em">Colour should change</text>
</g>
<g transform="translate(720, 140)">
<circle class="kf_DropShadow1" r="110"/>
<text dx="-5.5em">Drop Shadow should change</text>
</g>
</svg>
<h1>SVG Filters Animations</h1>
<p>SVG filter animations are another way to tackle this problem, but it seems that they behave very similar to a CSS filter in that because they are shared all of the elements update</p>
<svg id="svg_filterAnimation" >
<defs>
<filter id="f1" x="-40%" y="-40%" >
<feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="4" />
<feGaussianBlur id="blur1" result="blurOut" in="matrixOut" stdDeviation="10" />
<feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
</filter>
</defs>
<g transform="translate(120, 140)">
<circle class="fA_shadow" r="110"/>
<text dx="-1.5em">Circle 1</text>
</g>
<g transform="translate(420, 140)">
<circle class="fA_shadow" r="110"/>
<text dx="-1.5em">Circle 2</text>
</g>
<animate xlink:href="#blur1" attributeName="stdDeviation" from="10" to="30" dur="2s" begin="0s" repeatCount="indefinite"/>
</svg>
<h1>JavaScript Animations</h1>
<p>Animation via JavaScript is another approach, this uses D3 but the issue here is changing the size of gaussian blur that operates on the shadow is incredibly difficult as demonstrated in Circle 2</p>
<svg id="svg_javaScriptAnimation" >
<defs>
<filter id="f1" x="-40%" y="-40%" >
<feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="4" />
<feGaussianBlur id="blur1" result="blurOut" in="matrixOut" stdDeviation="10" />
<feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
</filter>
<filter id="f2" x="-40%" y="-40%" >
<feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="4" />
<feGaussianBlur id="blur1" result="blurOut" in="matrixOut" stdDeviation="30" />
<feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
</filter>
</defs>
<g transform="translate(120, 140)">
<circle class="jA_shadow" r="110"/>
<circle class="circle" r="110"/>
<text dx="-1.5em">Circle 1</text>
</g>
<g transform="translate(420, 140)">
<circle class="jA_shadow_expanding" r="110"/>
<circle class="circle" r="110"/>
<text dx="-1.5em">Circle 2</text>
</g>
<g transform="translate(720, 140)">
<circle class="jA_shadow_large" r="80"/>
<circle class="circle" r="110"/>
<text dx="-1.5em">Circle 3</text>
</g>
<animate xlink:href="#blur1" attributeName="stdDeviation" from="10" to="30" dur="2s" begin="0s" repeatCount="indefinite"/>
</svg>
【问题讨论】:
【参考方案1】:CSS 过渡和 CSS 动画只能在您想要动画的内容由 CSS 控制的情况下使用。比如说,如果你想为stroke-width
制作动画,你可以使用它。但是非常有限。
可以使用<animate>
为 SVG 滤镜设置动画。比如说,您可以将id="blur1"
添加到<feGaussianBlur>
的f1
并使用它来制作动画:jsfiddle
<animate xlink:href="#blur1" attributeName="stdDeviation"
from="10" to="30" dur="1s" begin="0s" repeatCount="indefinite"/>
begin
属性理论上可以绑定到一个事件,比如mouseover
,但你的里程可能会有所不同,因为它绑定到过滤任务,这根本没有用。
第三种选择是使用 JavaScript requestAnimationFrame
对其进行动画处理。您将需要编写大量代码,而且它不会经过 GPU 加速,但您总能得到您想要的。
【讨论】:
只看 JSFiddle,这正是我所追求的...动画实际上需要在单击或更改类时发生 - 但我猜这不会事情变得更容易了吗? 你可以一键启动SMIL,只需改变begin属性。 @RobertLongson 只是想尝试改变这一点 - 动画对象似乎并没有“绑定”到项目本身。因此,如果我将其放大并在 SVG 中有 100 个圆圈,那么我是否也需要 100 个动画元素? 我更改了 jsfiddle 以在点击时触发 SMIL。 jsfiddle.net/kyL24uaf/1 @AlanTam 好的,这是有道理的,我可以做到。有没有办法让动画停止?好像动画结束时自动重置为10的模糊?以上是关于过渡 SVG 过滤器的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章