如何正确使用 MockMvc 在 Junit 中测试 post 方法?
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【中文标题】如何正确使用 MockMvc 在 Junit 中测试 post 方法?【英文标题】:How to use correctly MockMvc to test post method in Junit? 【发布时间】:2021-05-02 11:13:11 【问题描述】:我是第一次使用 MockMvc 进行单元测试,但我还没有弄清楚如何正确使用它。 我正在尝试测试一个简单的 POST 方法。 我的代码(类代码)运行良好,我用邮递员测试过,很明显问题出在测试代码上。
控制器:
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/employees")
public class EmployeeController
private final EmployeeService employeeService;
private final EmployeeModelAssembler assembler;
@Autowired
public EmployeeController(EmployeeService employeeService, EmployeeModelAssembler assembler)
this.employeeService = employeeService;
this.assembler = assembler;
@PostMapping()
public ResponseEntity<?> addEmployee(@RequestBody Employee employee, UriComponentsBuilder builder)
EntityModel<Employee> entityModel = this.assembler.toModel(this.employeeService.addEmployee(employee));
return ResponseEntity.created(entityModel.getRequiredLink(IanaLinkRelations.SELF).toUri()).body(entityModel);
...
上面还有更多的方法,但是 addEmployee 是我要测试的方法。
测试:
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@WebMvcTest(EmployeeController.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class EmployeeControllerTest
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@MockBean
private EmployeeService employeeService;
@MockBean
private EmployeeModelAssembler assembler;
@InjectMocks
private EmployeeController employeeController;
@Before
public void setUp()
MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
@Test
public void testAddEmployee() throws Exception
String mockEmployeeJson =
" \"firstName\": \"new\",\n" +
" \"lastName\": \"Employee\",\n" +
" \"emailAddress\": \"new@Employee.com\",\n" +
" \"roll\": \"Software Engineer\",\n" +
" \"team\": \n" +
" \n" +
" \"teamId\": 1\n" +
" \n" +
"";
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/employees")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content(mockEmployeeJson)
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(status().isOk());
输出:
MockHttpServletRequest:
HTTP Method = POST
Request URI = /employees
Parameters =
Headers = [Content-Type:"application/json;charset=UTF-8", Accept:"application/json", Content-Length:"171"]
Body = "firstName": "new",
"lastName": "Employee",
"emailAddress": "new@Employee.com",
"roll": "Software Engineer",
"team":
"teamId": 1
Session Attrs =
Handler:
Type = com.Ventura.Notifier.controller.EmployeeController
Method = com.Ventura.Notifier.controller.EmployeeController#addEmployee(Employee, UriComponentsBuilder)
Async:
Async started = false
Async result = null
Resolved Exception:
Type = org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException
ModelAndView:
View name = null
View = null
Model = null
FlashMap:
Attributes = null
MockHttpServletResponse:
Status = 400
Error message = null
Headers = []
Content type = null
Body =
Forwarded URL = null
Redirected URL = null
Cookies = []
java.lang.AssertionError: Status expected:<200> but was:<400>
Expected :200
Actual :400
<Click to see difference>
编辑 1 将测试更改为:
private Employee employee;
@BeforeEach
public void setUpEmployee()
Team team = new Team();
team.setTeamId(1);
employee = new Employee();
employee.setTeam(team);
employee.setRoll("software developer");
employee.setLastName("Levi");
employee.setEmailAddress("a@a.com");
employee.setFirstName("David");
@Test
public void testAddEmployee() throws Exception
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/employees")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(employee))
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(status().isOk());
但我得到一个空指针异常。
编辑 2
我解决了空指针异常,但不知道为什么。如果有人对解决方案感兴趣:
测试:
@Test
public void testAddEmployee() throws Exception
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/employees")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(employee))
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(status().is2xxSuccessful());
我将 addEmployee 方法中的 return 语句更改为:
return new ResponseEntity<>(entityModel, HttpStatus.CREATED);
【问题讨论】:
【参考方案1】:您的 JSON 格式的输入请求正文格式不正确,我建议使用 Map
和 objectMapper
,Map.of 来自 jdk-9 如果您使用的是较低版本,您可以通过使用 @987654323 创建另一个地图来替换它@关键字
@Test
public void testAddEmployee() throws Exception
Map<String,Object> body = new HashMap<>();
body.put("firstName","new");
body.put("lastName","Employee");
body.put("emailAddress","new@Employee.com");
body.put("roll","Software Engineer");
body.put("team",Map.of("teamId",1));
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/employees")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content(objectMapper.writeAsString(body))
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(status().isOk());
【讨论】:
您好,谢谢您的回答。我已经按照你说的做了,但是我得到了一个空指针异常,你能告诉我为什么吗?您可以在帖子底部看到编辑1,目前那里有不同的代码,但它与您所说的相似,当我尝试使用地图进行操作时,它仍然是相同的空指针异常 看看这条线EmployeeController.java:64
这条线有什么? @文图拉
其实在post里面,就是addMethod的return语句:@PostMapping() public ResponseEntity> addEmployee(@RequestBody Employee employee, UriComponentsBuilder builder) EntityModel您发布的正文实际上不是 JSON。尝试使用 ObjectMapper(例如来自 Jackson)将您的 DTO 转换为可以使用 MockMvc 发送的字符串:
Employee dto = new Employee()
// properly set your fields
[...]
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/employees")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content(objectMapper.writeAsString(dto))
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(status().isOk());
【讨论】:
您能否相应地更新您的答案并可能发布堆栈跟踪?帮助更容易 完成了,还不清楚吗?它引导我到第 64 行,addEmployee 方法的返回语句 发现了问题。不知道为什么。无论如何,您的回答帮助我解决了最初的问题,所以谢谢以上是关于如何正确使用 MockMvc 在 Junit 中测试 post 方法?的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
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