无法执行语句 SQL 约束 [id] 嵌套异常是 org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException
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【中文标题】无法执行语句 SQL 约束 [id] 嵌套异常是 org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException【英文标题】：could not execute statement SQL constraint [id] nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException 【发布时间】：2018-07-07 03:17:00 【问题描述】：我有两个简单的实体：用户和帐户。帐户可以与一个或多个用户相关。例如：银行账户属于一个人或属于一对。
我在尝试发布帐户时收到主题中提到的错误。我想问题是我如何在邮递员中格式化 json。我没有在我的实体中看到错误。
用户：
@Entity
@Table(name = "bankuser")
public class User implements java.io.Serializable
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 6447416794596398975L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "id", unique = true, nullable = false)
private Long id;
@Column(name = "firstname", length = 50)
private String firstname;
@Column(name = "lastname", length = 50)
private String lastname;
public User()
public User(Long id)
this.id = id;
public User(Long id, String firstname, String lastname, String designation, Integer salary)
this.id = id;
this.firstname = firstname;
this.lastname = lastname;
public User(String firstname, String lastname, String designation, Integer salary)
this.firstname = firstname;
this.lastname = lastname;
public Long getId()
return this.id;
public void setId(Long id)
this.id = id;
public String getFirstname()
return this.firstname;
public void setFirstname(String firstname)
this.firstname = firstname;
public String getLastname()
return this.lastname;
public void setLastname(String lastname)
this.lastname = lastname;
@Override
public String toString()
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append("Id: ").append(this.id).append(", firstName: ").append(this.firstname).append(", lastName: ")
.append(this.lastname);
return sb.toString();
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj)
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (id == null || obj == null || getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
User toCompare = (User) obj;
return id.equals(toCompare.id);
@Override
public int hashCode()
return id == null ? 0 : id.hashCode();
帐户：
@Entity
@Table(name = "accounts")
public class Account implements java.io.Serializable
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 2612578813518671670L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "id", unique = true, nullable = false)
private Long id;
@Column(name = "name", length = 50)
private String name;
@NotNull
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "user_id")
private User user;
public Long getId()
return id;
public void setId(Long id)
this.id = id;
public String getName()
return name;
public void setName(String name)
this.name = name;
public User getUser()
return user;
public void setUser(User user)
this.user = user;
@Override
public String toString()
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append("Id: ").append(this.id).append(", Name: ").append(this.name);
return sb.toString();
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj)
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (id == null || obj == null || getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
Account toCompare = (Account) obj;
return id.equals(toCompare.id);
@Override
public int hashCode()
return id == null ? 0 : id.hashCode();
添加第一个用户后，我期待邮递员发布的这个json是正确的：
"name": "some account purpose",
"user": 1
我试图帮助我缩小错误原因的其他暂定方法是：
"name": "some account purpose",
"user": "http://localhost:8080/basicbank/user/1"
结果：JsonMappingException：无法构造 com.livingit.basicbank.model.User 的实例
和
"name": "some account purpose",
"user":
"id": 1,
"firstname": "joao",
"lastname": "pereira"
结果：嵌套异常是 org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException：无法执行语句
***已编辑（启动应用程序的整个堆栈跟踪）
2018-01-28 09:27:04.010 INFO 6136 --- [ main] com.mycompany.basicbank.App : Starting App on win10-cha with PID 6136 (C:\demecarv\_exercicios\wssts\basicbank\target\classes started by dca in C:\demecarv\_exercicios\wssts\basicbank)
2018-01-28 09:27:04.013 INFO 6136 --- [ main] com.mycompany.basicbank.App : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-01-28 09:27:04.056 INFO 6136 --- [ main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@45dd4eda: startup date [Sun Jan 28 09:27:04 CET 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-01-28 09:27:05.319 INFO 6136 --- [ main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration' of type [class org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$36aa5503] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
2018-01-28 09:27:05.687 INFO 6136 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2018-01-28 09:27:05.695 INFO 6136 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service Tomcat
2018-01-28 09:27:05.696 INFO 6136 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.5
2018-01-28 09:27:05.792 INFO 6136 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[.[localhost].[/basicbank] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2018-01-28 09:27:05.792 INFO 6136 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1739 ms
2018-01-28 09:27:05.958 INFO 6136 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2018-01-28 09:27:05.965 INFO 6136 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2018-01-28 09:27:05.966 INFO 6136 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2018-01-28 09:27:05.966 INFO 6136 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2018-01-28 09:27:05.967 INFO 6136 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2018-01-28 09:27:06.186 INFO 6136 --- [ main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Building JPA container EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2018-01-28 09:27:06.196 INFO 6136 --- [ main] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [
name: default
...]
2018-01-28 09:27:06.250 INFO 6136 --- [ main] org.hibernate.Version : HHH000412: Hibernate Core 5.0.11.Final
2018-01-28 09:27:06.252 INFO 6136 --- [ main] org.hibernate.cfg.Environment : HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
2018-01-28 09:27:06.253 INFO 6136 --- [ main] org.hibernate.cfg.Environment : HHH000021: Bytecode provider name : javassist
2018-01-28 09:27:06.293 INFO 6136 --- [ main] o.hibernate.annotations.common.Version : HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations 5.0.1.Final
2018-01-28 09:27:06.936 INFO 6136 --- [ main] org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect : HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect
2018-01-28 09:27:07.059 INFO 6136 --- [ main] o.h.e.j.e.i.LobCreatorBuilderImpl : HHH000424: Disabling contextual LOB creation as createClob() method threw error : java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
2018-01-28 09:27:07.061 INFO 6136 --- [ main] org.hibernate.type.BasicTypeRegistry : HHH000270: Type registration [java.util.UUID] overrides previous : org.hibernate.type.UUIDBinaryType@7d42542
2018-01-28 09:27:07.177 WARN 6136 --- [ main] org.hibernate.orm.deprecation : HHH90000014: Found use of deprecated [org.hibernate.id.SequenceGenerator] sequence-based id generator; use org.hibernate.id.enhanced.SequenceStyleGenerator instead. See Hibernate Domain Model Mapping Guide for details.
2018-01-28 09:27:07.400 INFO 6136 --- [ main] org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport : HHH000227: Running hbm2ddl schema export
Hibernate: alter table account_sources drop constraint FKeauonjew5oxigofghc32p2qpk
Hibernate: alter table account_sources drop constraint FKa48g9fvepp3kkbvswmrhoenbo
Hibernate: alter table account_targets drop constraint FKtlh5cw6fckuj0ijvujad745si
Hibernate: alter table account_targets drop constraint FKlrql4tsjy8unw6t22lm1o6xwt
Hibernate: alter table accounts drop constraint FK4xofdnttbbgk99exx2wpccl0s
Hibernate: drop table if exists account_sources cascade
Hibernate: drop table if exists account_targets cascade
Hibernate: drop table if exists accounts cascade
Hibernate: drop table if exists bankuser cascade
Hibernate: drop table if exists transactions cascade
Hibernate: drop sequence hibernate_sequence
Hibernate: create sequence hibernate_sequence start 1 increment 1
Hibernate: create table account_sources (sources_id int8, id int8 not null, primary key (id))
Hibernate: create table account_targets (targets_id int8, id int8 not null, primary key (id))
Hibernate: create table accounts (id bigserial not null, name varchar(50), user_id int8 not null, primary key (id))
Hibernate: create table bankuser (id bigserial not null, firstname varchar(50), lastname varchar(50), primary key (id))
Hibernate: create table transactions (id int8 not null, amount numeric(19, 2), primary key (id))
Hibernate: alter table account_sources add constraint FKeauonjew5oxigofghc32p2qpk foreign key (sources_id) references accounts
Hibernate: alter table account_sources add constraint FKa48g9fvepp3kkbvswmrhoenbo foreign key (id) references transactions
Hibernate: alter table account_targets add constraint FKtlh5cw6fckuj0ijvujad745si foreign key (targets_id) references accounts
Hibernate: alter table account_targets add constraint FKlrql4tsjy8unw6t22lm1o6xwt foreign key (id) references transactions
Hibernate: alter table accounts add constraint FK4xofdnttbbgk99exx2wpccl0s foreign key (user_id) references bankuser
2018-01-28 09:27:07.580 INFO 6136 --- [ main] org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport : HHH000230: Schema export complete
2018-01-28 09:27:07.610 INFO 6136 --- [ main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Initialized JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2018-01-28 09:27:08.152 INFO 6136 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@45dd4eda: startup date [Sun Jan 28 09:27:04 CET 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-01-28 09:27:08.216 INFO 6136 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "[/account],methods=[PUT]" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.lang.Void> com.mycompany.basicbank.controller.AccountController.updateEmployee(com.mycompany.basicbank.model.Account)
2018-01-28 09:27:08.217 INFO 6136 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "[/account],methods=[POST]" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<com.mycompany.basicbank.model.Account> com.mycompany.basicbank.controller.AccountController.addEmployee(com.mycompany.basicbank.model.Account)
2018-01-28 09:27:08.217 INFO 6136 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "[/account/id],methods=[GET]" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<com.mycompany.basicbank.model.Account> com.mycompany.basicbank.controller.AccountController.getUser(java.lang.Long)
2018-01-28 09:27:08.218 INFO 6136 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "[/account],methods=[GET]" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.List<com.mycompany.basicbank.model.Account>> com.mycompany.basicbank.controller.AccountController.getAllEmployees()
2018-01-28 09:27:08.218 INFO 6136 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "[/account/id],methods=[DELETE]" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.lang.Void> com.mycompany.basicbank.controller.AccountController.deleteEmployee(java.lang.Long)
2018-01-28 09:27:08.219 INFO 6136 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "[/user],methods=[PUT]" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.lang.Void> com.mycompany.basicbank.controller.UserController.updateEmployee(com.mycompany.basicbank.model.User)
2018-01-28 09:27:08.220 INFO 6136 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "[/user],methods=[POST]" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<com.mycompany.basicbank.model.User> com.mycompany.basicbank.controller.UserController.addEmployee(com.mycompany.basicbank.model.User)
2018-01-28 09:27:08.220 INFO 6136 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "[/user/id],methods=[GET]" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<com.mycompany.basicbank.model.User> com.mycompany.basicbank.controller.UserController.getUser(java.lang.Long)
2018-01-28 09:27:08.220 INFO 6136 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "[/user],methods=[GET]" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.List<com.mycompany.basicbank.model.User>> com.mycompany.basicbank.controller.UserController.getAllEmployees()
2018-01-28 09:27:08.220 INFO 6136 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "[/user/id],methods=[DELETE]" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.lang.Void> com.mycompany.basicbank.controller.UserController.deleteEmployee(java.lang.Long)
2018-01-28 09:27:08.222 INFO 6136 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "[/error]" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2018-01-28 09:27:08.223 INFO 6136 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "[/error],produces=[text/html]" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2018-01-28 09:27:08.250 INFO 6136 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-01-28 09:27:08.250 INFO 6136 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-01-28 09:27:08.283 INFO 6136 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-01-28 09:27:08.520 INFO 6136 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2018-01-28 09:27:08.572 INFO 6136 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
2018-01-28 09:27:08.577 INFO 6136 --- [ main] com.mycompany.basicbank.App : Started App in 4.872 seconds (JVM running for 5.477)
*** 已编辑，尝试添加帐户时的整个堆栈跟踪
"name": "some account purpose",
"user": 1
2018-01-28 13:14:29.047 INFO 6136 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[.[localhost].[/basicbank] : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2018-01-28 13:14:29.047 INFO 6136 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started
2018-01-28 13:14:29.121 INFO 6136 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 74 ms
Hibernate: insert into accounts (name, user_id) values (?, ?)
2018-01-28 13:14:29.387 WARN 6136 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper : SQL Error: 0, SQLState: 23503
2018-01-28 13:14:29.387 ERROR 6136 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper : ERROR: insert or update on table "accounts" violates foreign key constraint "fk4xofdnttbbgk99exx2wpccl0s"
Detail: Key (user_id)=(1) is not present in table "bankuser".
2018-01-28 13:14:29.434 ERROR 6136 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[.[dispatcherServlet] : Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [/basicbank] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException: could not execute statement; SQL [n/a]; constraint [fk4xofdnttbbgk99exx2wpccl0s]; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: could not execute statement] with root cause
org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: ERROR: insert or update on table "accounts" violates foreign key constraint "fk4xofdnttbbgk99exx2wpccl0s"
Detail: Key (user_id)=(1) is not present in table "bankuser".
at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.receiveErrorResponse(QueryExecutorImpl.java:2458) ~[postgresql-9.4.1211.jre7.jar:9.4.1211.jre7]
at ...
org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source) [na:1.8.0_112]
*** 在 Madushan Perera 建议之后，我仍然看不到进展：
帐户.java
...
@NotNull
@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, targetEntity = User.class)
@JoinColumn(name = "user_id", insertable = false, updatable = false)
private User user;
...
我尝试通过 PostMan 发帖
"name": "some account purpose",
"user_id": 1
结果是：
"exception": "javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException",
"message": "Validation failed for classes [com.livingit.basicbank.model.Account] during persist time for groups [javax.validation.groups.Default, ]\nList of constraint violations:[\n\tConstraintViolationImplinterpolatedMessage='may not be null', propertyPath=user, rootBeanClass=class com.livingit.basicbank.model.Account, messageTemplate='javax.validation.constraints.NotNull.message'\n]",
***已编辑
***已编辑
为了缩小我编码的错误
...
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@Override
public Account save(Account entity)
entity.setUser(userService.getById(entity.getUser().getId()));
return accountRepository.save(entity);
...
我可以检查实体是否已完美填写。错误总是抱怨 user_id 为空
org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: ERROR: null value in column "user_id" violates not-null constraint
然后我假设这是关于我如何创建多对一关系的问题。
【问题讨论】：
您能以图形方式或 SQL 方式显示您的两个数据库表吗？因此，找出问题会有所帮助。 我依赖于 Spring Boot 表创建。我添加了启动应用程序时打印的 ddl。但有趣的是我看不到在 PostGres pgAdmin 中创建的表。我在 application.propertis 中设置 spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.postgresql.Driver spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/postgres 但我可以在 pgAdmin 上看到 graficall 表 能否请您发布整个堆栈跟踪 @SimonMartinelli 我在启动应用程序时添加了堆栈跟踪，在我尝试添加帐户时添加了错误 对我来说，我认为这是您的 JoinColumn 的问题。尝试：@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, targetEntity = YourTargetEntitiy.class) @JoinColumn(name = "column_name_here", insertable = false, updatable = false)
【参考方案1】：
我通过在帐户和用户中使用户的列 ID 匹配来解决我的问题。以下是解决方案：
用户.java
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "iduser", unique = true, nullable = false)
private Long iduser;
帐户.java
@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, targetEntity = User.class)
@JoinColumn(name = "iduser", insertable = false, updatable = false)
private User user;
显着的变化是之前，在帐户中我有 user_id，在用户中我有 id，现在两者都有相同的别名。
【讨论】：
【参考方案2】：你可以试试
@Query(value="select c from table c where c.name = ?1",nativeQuery = true)
用于您的本地查询
【讨论】：
【参考方案3】：同样在 SQL 方面，如果你想使用 IDENTITY 自动生成，你必须考虑到 PostgreSQL 有不同的语法。
CREATE TABLE user (
id INT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
...
);
Postgresql 身份details.
【讨论】：
【参考方案4】：在我的例子中，我在 postgres sql 的用户表中有一个密码 varchar(30) 字段，我将加密的密码保存到数据库的用户表中。例如使用 user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(user.getPassword()));在密码加密后，密码超过了 30 个字符的限制。请确保您的模型类和 sql 表模式中的数据类型正确，并且 sql 表列的相应字段的长度正确。希望这会有所帮助。
【讨论】：
【参考方案5】：I got this error, slightly different from actual question which is: org.springframework.dao.dataintegrityviolationexception: could not execute statement; sql [n/a]; constraint [null]; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.constraintviolationexception: could not execute statement
Public Account MethodName(@RequestBody Account account)
account.setName("some account purpose");
User user = new User();
user = userService.getById(Long.parseLong(account.getUserId()));
account.setUser(user); //because user is User type of Account Model Class
Account accountObject= AccoundService.save(account);
return accountObject;
【讨论】：
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