使用 moq 对实体框架进行单元测试

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【中文标题】使用 moq 对实体框架进行单元测试【英文标题】:Unit test Entity Framework using moq 【发布时间】:2012-10-19 09:57:53 【问题描述】:

我正在使用实体框架并尝试对使用 EF 的数据服务进行单元测试。 我没有使用存储库和工作单元模式。 我尝试了以下方法来模拟上下文和 DbSet:

private static Mock<IEFModel> context;
private static Mock<IDbSet<CountryCode>> idbSet;

    [ClassInitialize]
    public static void Initialize(TestContext testContext)
    
        context = new Mock<IEFModel>();

        idbSet = new Mock<IDbSet<CountryCode>>();

        context.Setup(c => c.CountryCodes).Returns(idbSet.Object);

    

对于 idbSet“本地”,我得到空的“对象引用未设置为对象的实例”错误。 有没有办法像这样模拟 idbSet ? 谢谢

【问题讨论】:

【参考方案1】:

我是这样计算的: 创建了两个名为 DbSetMock 的类:

public class DbSetMock<T> : IDbSet<T>
    where T : class

    #region Fields

    /// <summary>The _container.</summary>
    private readonly IList<T> _container = new List<T>();

    #endregion

    #region Public Properties

    /// <summary>Gets the element type.</summary>
    public Type ElementType
    
        get
        
            return typeof(T);
        
    

    /// <summary>Gets the expression.</summary>
    public Expression Expression
    
        get
        
            return this._container.AsQueryable().Expression;
        
    

    /// <summary>Gets the local.</summary>
    public ObservableCollection<T> Local
    
        get
        
            return new ObservableCollection<T>(this._container);
        
    

    /// <summary>Gets the provider.</summary>
    public IQueryProvider Provider
    
        get
        
            return this._container.AsQueryable().Provider;
        
    

    #endregion

    #region Public Methods and Operators

    /// <summary>The add.</summary>
    /// <param name="entity">The entity.</param>
    /// <returns>The <see cref="T"/>.</returns>
    public T Add(T entity)
    
        this._container.Add(entity);
        return entity;
    

    /// <summary>The attach.</summary>
    /// <param name="entity">The entity.</param>
    /// <returns>The <see cref="T"/>.</returns>
    public T Attach(T entity)
    
        this._container.Add(entity);
        return entity;
    

    /// <summary>The create.</summary>
    /// <typeparam name="TDerivedEntity"></typeparam>
    /// <returns>The <see cref="TDerivedEntity"/>.</returns>
    /// <exception cref="NotImplementedException"></exception>
    public TDerivedEntity Create<TDerivedEntity>() where TDerivedEntity : class, T
    
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    

    /// <summary>The create.</summary>
    /// <returns>The <see cref="T"/>.</returns>
    /// <exception cref="NotImplementedException"></exception>
    public T Create()
    
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    

    /// <summary>The find.</summary>
    /// <param name="keyValues">The key values.</param>
    /// <returns>The <see cref="T"/>.</returns>
    /// <exception cref="NotImplementedException"></exception>
    public T Find(params object[] keyValues)
    
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    

    /// <summary>The get enumerator.</summary>
    /// <returns>The <see cref="IEnumerator"/>.</returns>
    public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
    
        return this._container.GetEnumerator();
    

    /// <summary>The remove.</summary>
    /// <param name="entity">The entity.</param>
    /// <returns>The <see cref="T"/>.</returns>
    public T Remove(T entity)
    
        this._container.Remove(entity);
        return entity;
    

    #endregion

    #region Explicit Interface Methods

    /// <summary>The get enumerator.</summary>
    /// <returns>The <see cref="IEnumerator"/>.</returns>
    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
    
        return this._container.GetEnumerator();
    

    #endregion

和 EFModelMock:

public class EFModelMock : IEFModel

    #region Fields

    /// <summary>The country codes.</summary>
    private IDbSet<CountryCode> countryCodes;

    #endregion

    #region Public Properties

    /// <summary>Gets the country codes.</summary>
    public IDbSet<CountryCode> CountryCodes
    
        get
        
            this.CreateCountryCodes();
            return this.countryCodes;
        
    


    #endregion

    #region Public Methods and Operators

    /// <summary>The commit.</summary>
    /// <exception cref="NotImplementedException"></exception>
    public void Commit()
    
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    

    /// <summary>The set.</summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    /// <returns>The <see cref="IDbSet"/>.</returns>
    /// <exception cref="NotImplementedException"></exception>
    public IDbSet<T> Set<T>() where T : class
    
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    

    #endregion

    #region Methods

    /// <summary>The create country codes.</summary>
    private void CreateCountryCodes()
    
        if (this.countryCodes == null)
        
            this.countryCodes = new DbSetMock<CountryCode>();
            this.countryCodes.Add(
                new CountryCode  CountryName = "Australia", DisplayLevel = 2,       TelephoneCode = "61" );

        
    

    #endregion

然后像这样测试:

[TestClass]
public class CountryCodeServiceTest

    #region Static Fields

    /// <summary>The context.</summary>
    private static IEFModel context;

    #endregion

    #region Public Methods and Operators

    /// <summary>The initialize.</summary>
    /// <param name="testContext">The test context.</param>
    [ClassInitialize]
    public static void Initialize(TestContext testContext)
    
        context = new EFModelMock();
    

    /// <summary>The country code service get country codes returns correct data.</summary>
    [TestMethod]
    public void CountryCodeServiceGetCountryCodesReturnsCorrectData()
    
        // Arrange
        var target = new CountryCodeService(context);
        var countryName = "Australia";
        var expected = context.CountryCodes.ToList();

        // Act
        var actual = target.GetCountryCodes();

        // Assert
        Assert.IsNotNull(actual);
        Assert.AreEqual(actual.FirstOrDefault(a => a.CountryName == countryName).PhoneCode, expected.FirstOrDefault(a => a.CountryName == countryName).TelephoneCode);
    

【讨论】:

你...这个问题/答案需要更多的声誉。我看到很多人都有这个问题。我希望我不必走这条路,但你已经完成了繁重的工作:) 对不起,但是……这是什么接口:IEFModelMock?【参考方案2】:

您必须设置idbSet 模拟的Local 属性。


例如:

idbSet = new Mock<IDbSet<CountryCode>>();

var col = new ObservableCollection<CountryCode>();
idbSet.SetupGet(x => x.Local).Returns(col);

【讨论】:

感谢您的回答,但是没有用,我终于手动模拟了IDbSet和IEFModel。【参考方案3】:

我一直在使用一种方法来创建我的模拟集,如下所示:

public static Mock<IDbSet<T>> CreateMockSet<T>(IQueryable<T> data) where T : class

    var mockSet = new Mock<IDbSet<T>>();
    mockSet.As<IQueryable<T>>().Setup(m => m.Provider).Returns(data.Provider);
    mockSet.As<IQueryable<T>>().Setup(m => m.Expression).Returns(data.Expression);
    mockSet.As<IQueryable<T>>().Setup(m => m.ElementType).Returns(data.ElementType);
    mockSet.As<IQueryable<T>>().Setup(m => m.GetEnumerator()).Returns(data.GetEnumerator());
    return mockSet;

我只是添加了这一行:

mockSet.Setup(x => x.Local).Returns(new ObservableCollection<T>());

return 语句之前,它解决了我的问题。

我的许多查询如下所示:

var myset = context.EntitySetName.Local.SingleOrDefault(x=>x.something==something)
          ??
          context.SingleOrDefault(x=>x.something==something);

所以我只需要 Local 不为空,这样它就不会引发空引用异常。

【讨论】:

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