我无法使用 Python 2.7.10 在我的生产环境中部署 Django 1.8.5

Posted 2023-02-24

【中文标题】我无法使用 Python 2.7.10 在我的生产环境中部署 Django 1.8.5

【英文标题】：I'm unable to deploy Django 1.8.5 on my production environment with Python 2.7.10

【发布时间】：2016-01-23 10:28:38

【问题描述】：

在我的本地环境中，使用 Python 2.7.10，我的 Django 项目使用 .manage.py runserver 似乎运行得非常好。但是当我尝试使用相同版本的 python 2.7.10 将项目部署到我的 Debian Wheezy 服务器时，它遇到了 500 internal server error。检查我的 apache 日志后，我发现错误在这两者之间交替出现：

[Fri Oct 23 23:31:41 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201] mod_wsgi (pid=1973): Target WSGI script '/var/www/proj/proj/proj_wsgi.py' cannot be loaded as Python module.
[Fri Oct 23 23:31:41 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201] mod_wsgi (pid=1973): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/var/www/proj/proj/proj_wsgi.py'.
[Fri Oct 23 23:31:41 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201] Traceback (most recent call last):
[Fri Oct 23 23:31:41 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/var/www/proj/proj/proj_wsgi.py", line 21, in <module>
[Fri Oct 23 23:31:41 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     application = get_wsgi_application()
[Fri Oct 23 23:31:41 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 14, in get_wsgi_application
[Fri Oct 23 23:31:41 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     django.setup()
[Fri Oct 23 23:31:41 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
[Fri Oct 23 23:31:41 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
[Fri Oct 23 23:31:41 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 78, in populate
[Fri Oct 23 23:31:41 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     raise RuntimeError("populate() isn't reentrant")
[Fri Oct 23 23:31:41 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201] RuntimeError: populate() isn't reentrant

还有这个：

[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201] mod_wsgi (pid=1973): Target WSGI script '/var/www/proj/proj/proj_wsgi.py' cannot be loaded as Python module.
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201] mod_wsgi (pid=1973): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/var/www/proj/proj/proj_wsgi.py'.
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201] Traceback (most recent call last):
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/var/www/proj/proj/proj_wsgi.py", line 21, in <module>
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     application = get_wsgi_application()
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 14, in get_wsgi_application
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     django.setup()
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 108, in populate
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     app_config.import_models(all_models)
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 198, in import_models
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     __import__(name)
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 41, in <module>
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     class Permission(models.Model):
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 139, in __new__
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, **kwargs))
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 324, in add_to_class
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 250, in contribute_to_class
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 36, in __getattr__
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 240, in __getitem__
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     __import__(name)
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]   File "/var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/postgresql_psycopg2/base.py", line 24, in <module>
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201]     raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading psycopg2 module: %s" % e)
[Fri Oct 23 23:30:52 2015] [error] [client 176.10.99.201] ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading psycopg2 module: /var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.so: undefined symbol: PyUnicodeUCS2_AsUTF8String

我尝试了许多解决方案，例如通过 Google 提供的所有这些链接，但仍然无济于事。 Django stops working with RuntimeError: populate() isn't reentrant Django populate() isn't reentrant

我尝试迁移到 python 2.7.3 并且 django 项目设法工作，但我需要 2.7.10 版本中包含的 pickle 中的一些编码功能，所以我需要使用它。

我什至尝试在 python 2.7.10 上从头开始重新安装一个全新的 Django 1.8.5 项目，但没有成功，出现相同的错误。

我的 proj_wgsi.py 是：

    import os
    import sys
    import site
    from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

    # Add the site-packages of the chosen virtualenv to work with
    site.addsitedir('/var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages')

    # Add the app's directory to the PYTHONPATH
    sys.path.append('/var/www/proj')
    sys.path.append('/var/www/proj/proj')


    # Activate your virtual env
    activate_env=os.path.expanduser('/var/www/ven/bin/activate_this.py')
    execfile(activate_env, dict(__file__=activate_env))

    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "proj.settings")


    application = get_wsgi_application()

我在 /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default 中的 apache 中的虚拟主机配置是

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName 128.133.218.444
    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
    ServerAlias 128.133.218.444
    WSGIDaemonProcess 128.133.218.444 python-path="/var/www/proj:/var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages"
    WSGIProcessGroup 128.199.218.180
    WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/proj/proj/proj_wsgi.py process-group=128.199.218.180
    WSGIPassAuthorization On
    DocumentRoot /var/www/proj

    #<Directory />
    #   Options FollowSymLinks
    #   AllowOverride None
    #</Directory>
    #<Directory /var/www/>
    #   Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
    #   AllowOverride None
    #   Order allow,deny
    #   allow from all
    #</Directory>
    <Directory /var/www/proj>
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>
    <Directory /var/www/proj/proj/static>
        Order deny,allow
        Allow from all
    </Directory>
    <Directory /var/www/proj/proj/media>
            Order deny,allow
            Allow from all
    </Directory>
    <Directory /var/www/proj/proj>
        <Files wsgi.py>
            Order allow,deny
            allow from all
        </Files>
    </Directory>

    #ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
    #<Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
    #   AllowOverride None
    #   Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
    #   Order allow,deny
    #   Allow from all
    #</Directory>

    ErrorLog $APACHE_LOG_DIR/error.log
    #ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log

    # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
    # alert, emerg.
    LogLevel warn

    CustomLog $APACHE_LOG_DIR/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

这几天我一直在尝试解决这个问题，因此我们将非常感谢您的帮助。谢谢！

【问题讨论】：

我已经看到 RuntimeError: populate() isn't reentrant 错误发生在缺少像 psycopg2 这样的数据库驱动程序时。

@Brandon 我确实安装了 psycopg2。不过，此错误不会在 python 2.7.3 中发生。仅在我将 python 升级到 2.7.10 后才发生。

在这种情况下我会做的是开始注释掉registry.py 中的异常处理程序，直到您遇到实际问题。

过去当我遇到这样的问题时，这是我没有预料到的代码错误，直到我在生产中运行runserver 时才看到框来测试部署。你能做到吗？

我会注释掉这个：github.com/alsoicode/django/blob/master/django/apps/… 以及之后的任何异常处理程序，直到你找出真正的异常被吞下的原因。

【参考方案1】：

尝试重新创建您的 virtualenv。

如果还没有使用，请使用它。

sudo apt-get install python-virtualenv

这看起来像是与 postgres-python 安装相关的错误

virtualenv /some/dir/path
source /some/dir/path/bin/activate

Prepare django and psycopg2 and whatever other libraries you use

pip install psycopg2 django # possibly other libraries

这个http://thecodeship.com/deployment/deploy-django-apache-virtualenv-and-mod_wsgi/ 链接详细介绍了如何将您的virtualenv 与apache 关联。我建议你也试试 uwsgi。它与 DJango 配合得非常好。

【讨论】：

感谢您的回答。我照你说的做了，并用答案更新了问题。你的方法奏效了！

【参考方案2】：

“未定义符号”错误表明您的 psycopg2 安装可能有问题。我建议您卸载并重新安装它，并确保它没有使用任何 pip 缓存或其他任何东西，而是进行干净的构建。

【参考方案3】：

非常感谢大家帮助指导我解决这个挑战。我已经设法解决了这个问题。 首先，对于这个错误：

ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading psycopg2 module: /var/www/ven/lib/python2.7/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.so: undefined symbol: PyUnicodeUCS2_AsUTF8String

我用./configure --enable-unicode=ucs4.重新编译了python v2.7.10 然后我用重新编译的版本重新创建了一个新的虚拟环境。

关于模块的第二个错误，我发现 Wayne Werner 所说的一些库版本错误，无法正常运行以与 django 项目兼容。我只是确保我升级了库（pip install -U [libraries]）

再次感谢大家！