权限被拒绝（公钥） Amazon Linux aws

Posted 2023-02-24

【中文标题】权限被拒绝（公钥） Amazon Linux aws

【英文标题】：Permission denied (publickey) Amazon Linux aws

【发布时间】：2018-10-01 20:58:23

【问题描述】：

我有两个实例在我的 aws 上运行。我对他们两个都有相同的密钥对。我长时间使用这两个实例。但是今天如果我运行此命令，我在尝试通过终端登录时在一个实例上遇到错误。

ssh -i mypem.pem [e-mail]
Permission denied (publickey).

但是如果我尝试使用相同的pem 文件登录到其他实例。它可以工作，我可以成功登录它。

我已经尝试了这里介绍的所有解决方案

Permission denied (publickey) when SSH Access to Amazon EC2 instance

Trying to SSH into an Amazon Ec2 instance - permission error

但对我没有任何作用

如果我这样做

ssh -i mypem.pem [e-mail] -vvv

结果是这样的

    OpenSSH_7.4p1, LibreSSL 2.5.0
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug2: resolving "52.xx.xxx.xxx" port 22
debug2: ssh_connect_direct: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to 52.xx.xxx.xxx [52.xx.xxx.xxx] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file mypem.pem type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file mypem.pem-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.4
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.4 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug1: Authenticating to 52.xx.xxx.xxx:22 as 'ec2-user'
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/Users/myusername/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /Users/myusername/.ssh/known_hosts:6
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from 52.xx.xxx.xxx
debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521
debug3: send packet: type 20
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug3: receive packet: type 20
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: local client KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256,[e-mail],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,ext-info-c
debug2: host key algorithms: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,[e-mail],[e-mail],ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
debug2: ciphers ctos: [e-mail],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[e-mail],[e-mail],aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc
debug2: ciphers stoc: [e-mail],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[e-mail],[e-mail],aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc
debug2: MACs ctos: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[e-mail],zlib
debug2: compression stoc: none,[e-mail],zlib
debug2: languages ctos: 
debug2: languages stoc: 
debug2: first_kex_follows 0 
debug2: reserved 0 
debug2: peer server KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256,[e-mail],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
debug2: host key algorithms: ssh-rsa,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519
debug2: ciphers ctos: [e-mail],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[e-mail],[e-mail],aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,3des-cbc
debug2: ciphers stoc: [e-mail],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[e-mail],[e-mail],aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,3des-cbc
debug2: MACs ctos: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[e-mail]
debug2: compression stoc: none,[e-mail]
debug2: languages ctos: 
debug2: languages stoc: 
debug2: first_kex_follows 0 
debug2: reserved 0 
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [e-mail] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [e-mail] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug3: send packet: type 30
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug3: receive packet: type 31
debug1: Server host key: mykeyhere
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/Users/myusername/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /Users/myusername/.ssh/known_hosts:6
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from 52.70.181.239
debug1: Host '52.xx.xxx.xxx' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /Users/irfansheikh/.ssh/known_hosts:6
debug3: send packet: type 21
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug3: receive packet: type 21
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug2: key: mypem.pem (0x7f9053c03750), agent
debug2: key: mypem.pem (0x0), explicit
debug3: send packet: type 5
debug3: receive packet: type 7
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug3: receive packet: type 6
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey
debug3: preferred publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey
debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: bringthings.pem
debug3: send_pubkey_test
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: mypem.pem
debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: RSA 
SHA256:keyhere**********
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey).

我的尝试

chmod 400 mypem.pem

这个我也试过了

sudo ssh -i mypem.pem ec2-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx.us-west 2.compute.amazonaws.com

知道了

Please login as the user "ec2-user" rather than the user "root"

然后我就这样做了

sudo ssh -i mypem.pem ec2-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com -l ec2-user

我明白了

Permission denied (publickey)

如果我尝试使用相同的密钥登录其他实例。我可以成功登录。请帮助这里实际出了什么问题

我的实例上的安全组是这个

【问题讨论】：

它们都是 AWS Linux 实例吗？如果不是，用户名将不同（例如，对于 Ubuntu 实例，它是“ubuntu”而不是“ec2-user”）。

您曾经能够登录到第二个实例吗？如果是，您是否可能做了一些改变.ssh/authorized_keys的事情？

另一个实例的用户名是 ubuntu 但这个实例有 ec2-user.. 是的，我可以成功登录到其他实例

直到晚上一切正常。当我醒来时它停止工作。所以不，我什么都没做

【参考方案1】：

与 ec2 的连接故障排除： https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/TroubleshootingInstancesConnecting.html

您也可以尝试三重详细选项 -vvv

我以前经常遇到同样的错误，通常我使用的是 ec2-user 而不是 ubuntu 或错误的密钥

【讨论】：

使用实例 ID 而不是 ubuntu 作为用户名。

【参考方案2】：

问题是因为使用了不同的公钥并解决了这个问题：-

只需使用您的私钥创建一个公钥，即 mypem.pem 文件，如下所示：-

ssh-keygen -y -f mypem.pem

它将为私钥创建并显示一个公钥 您只想将此密钥复制到您的 aws 实例中，如下所示：-

如果您正在运行 ubuntu 实例打开 authorized_keys 文件并将生成的公钥粘贴到该文件中（删除现有内容）：-

vi ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

然后尝试使用以下命令连接：-

ssh -i mypem.pem [e-mail]

或

ssh -i mypem.pem [e-mail]

【参考方案3】：

您可以按照建议尝试-vvv 选项，并尝试查看您是否获得有关 SSH 失败原因的更多信息。

如果仍然不清楚，唯一的选择是从当前实例分离卷并将其附加到另一个 EC2 实例，安装卷并检查以下日志文​​件中是否有任何错误消息：-

/var/log/messages
/var/log/secure

您可以使用以下链接作为参考，了解如何将卷分离和附加到另一个 EC2 实例：-

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ebs-detaching-volume.html 
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ebs-attaching-volume.html

在分离和附加时，请记下卷的设备名称，例如 /dev/xvda 或 /dev/sda1。如果您第一次错过，然后又不得不重复整个分离和附加过程，这会很烦人。

这里的错误可能有多种原因。例如，如果在服务器关闭之前的最后一次错误地设置了 /home/ec2-user/.ssh 文件夹或其中存在的任何文件的权限，则该命令将无法读取文件并因此失败。通常，日志文件中记录的错误很有帮助，并且能够提供无法访问的原因。

我想指出的一件事是，您想使用两个密钥对名称：amazonec2.pem 和 mypem.pem。在使用mypem.pem 时，您提到了用户名：ec2-user 以及 SSH 命令中的 IP 地址。但是，当您使用amazonec2.pem 时，命令中缺少它！

请注意，如果用户名不存在，该命令实际上会失败，并给出相同的Permission denied (publickey). 错误。我尝试在不提及用户名的情况下通过 SSH 连接到我的 EC2 实例，但失败了。

希望这会有所帮助。

【讨论】：

抱歉，“amazonec2.pem 和 mypem.pem”这些只是拼写错误。我在所有地方都使用相同的 mypem.pem

那你要分析一下日志文件，ssh的-vvv输出是说什么的，你可以在这里更新输出，让大家看到，有提示的帮忙！跨度>

【参考方案4】：

就我而言，我多次输入了错误的密码。之后我不断获得 Permission denied 。 我重新启动了我的 AWS 实例并尝试了相同的凭据。