如何将平面数组排序为多维树

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【中文标题】如何将平面数组排序为多维树【英文标题】:How to sort flat array into multidimensional tree 【发布时间】:2011-12-14 01:28:58 【问题描述】:

我有一张这样的桌子

id    catagory      suboff

1     software       0
2     programming    1
3     Testing        1
4     Designing      1
5     Hospital       0
6     Doctor         5
7     Nurses         5
9     Teaching       0
10    php programming 2
11    .net programming 2

如何编写代码,根据suboff在多维数组中获取所有这些信息,如下,

-software
--programming
---php programming
--- .net programming
--testing
--designing
-hospital 
--doctor
--nurses
-teaching

【问题讨论】:

什么意思?数据从何而来?数据库或文件或硬编码? PHP Reorder array to reflect parent / id hierarchy 或 Convert flat array to the multi-dimentional 和 many more 的可能重复项 【参考方案1】:

假设 mysql 作为您的数据库引擎:

// We'll need two arrays for this
$temp = $result = array();

// Get the data from the DB
$table = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM table");

// Put it into one dimensional array with the row id as the index
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($table)) 
  $temp[$row['id']] = $row;


// Loop the 1D array and create the multi-dimensional array
for ($i = 1; isset($temp[$i]); $i++) 
  if ($temp[$i]['suboff'] > 0) 
    // This row has a parent
    if (isset($temp[$temp[$i]['suboff']])) 
      // The parent row exists, add this row to the 'children' key of the parent
      $temp[$temp[$i]['suboff']]['children'][] =& $temp[$i];
     else 
      // The parent row doesn't exist - handle that case here
      // For the purposes of this example, we'll treat it as a root node
      $result[] =& $temp[$i];
    
   else 
    // This row is a root node
    $result[] =& $temp[$i];
  


// unset the 1D array
unset($temp);

// Here is the result
print_r($result);

使用references 完成这样的工作。

【讨论】:

【参考方案2】:

恕我直言,逻辑是:

    获取所有根元素(软件、医院等) Foreach 根取子元素(用于您将进行编程、测试和设计的软件) 将子元素添加为子数组 在刚刚添加的子数组上递归循环

【讨论】:

【参考方案3】:

您需要将整个表读入内存并将其变成一棵树,其中每个节点都可以通过其对应的 ID 号来标识。然后对树进行预先遍历以将其打印出来。

【讨论】:

【参考方案4】:

演示:http://ideone.com/vk4po

$array = array(
array('1','software','0'),
array('2','programming','1'),
array('3','Testing','1'),
array('4','Designing','1'),
array('5','Hospital','0'),
array('6','Doctor','5'),
array('7','Nurses','5'),
array('9','Teaching','0'),
array('10','php programming','2'),
array('11','.net programming','2')
);

function menu_sort($results, $master = 0)


    $open = array();
    $return = NULL;

    foreach($results as $result)
    
        if($result[2] == $master)

            if(!$open)
                $return .= '<ul>';
                $open = true;
            

            $return .= '<li>'.$result[1];

            $return .= menu_sort($results, $result[0]);
            $return .= '</li>';

        
    

    if($open)
        $return .= '</ul>';

    return $return;



echo menu_sort($array);

结果...

software
    programming
        php programming
        .net programming
    Testing
    Designing
Hospital
    Doctor
    Nurses
Teaching

【讨论】:

他要的是数组,而不是&lt;ul /&gt;【参考方案5】:

在 PHP 中,我从数据库中获取数据:

"SELECT* FROM Table WHERE suboff LIKE 0"
foreach(item..)
   "SELECT* FROM Table WHERE suboff LIKE item.ID"
       foreach(item2..)
          $result[item][item2]

【讨论】:

这非常低效,因为您必须进行大量查询。最好查询一次数据,让php在内存中进行提升(见我的回答)。 好的.. 我在上面使用了这个菜单,没有太多数据。但是你的权利我的解决方案不是很好的可扩展性。【参考方案6】:

我会这样做的方式:

    首先你需要解析这个表。我假设你可以自己做;如果没有,谷歌“正则表达式”,他们是你的朋友。

    您使用的数据结构是经典的tree。您将需要两个数组来使用它。首先是节点数组$nodes,其中键是节点 ID,值是节点名称,$links,其中每个键是父节点,每个值是子节点数组($links[$id][] = $suboff元素就足够了)。

    现在你必须递归地下降你拥有的树。你引入一个带有这样签名的函数:

    function print_node( $nodeID, $level = 1 )
    

    这个函数应该使用 $level 填充破折号打印节点本身(存储在 $nodes 中的信息),并调用自身来渲染所有子节点。他们将依次渲染所有子节点等。您只需为***节点调用此函数即可。

【讨论】:

我猜他说的是数据库表。【参考方案7】:

这是一种不同的方法,应该很容易理解。它要求您将表格按suboff 排序,即

SELECT * FROM table ORDER BY suboff

假设结果存储在$table,你可以使用这个非常简洁的php代码:

// this will hold the result
$tree = array();
// used to find an entry using its id
$lookup = array();
foreach($table as $row)
  if($row['suboff'] === 0)
    // this has no parent, add it at base level
    $tree[$row['category']] = array();
    // store a reference
    $lookup[$row['id']] =& $tree[$row['category']];
  else
    // find the right parent, add the category
    $lookup[$row['suboff']][$row['category']] = array();
    // store a reference
    $lookup[$row['id']] =& $lookup[$row['suboff']][$row['category']];
  

【讨论】:

【参考方案8】:

该类将平面类别数组转换为结构化树数组:

<?php

/**
 * Creates a structured tree out of a flat category list
 */
class CategoryTree 

  /**
   *
   * @var array
   */
  protected $categories = array();

  /**
   *
   * @var array
   */
  protected $tree = array();

  /**
   * Default constructor
   * @param array $categories 
   */
  function __construct(array $categories) 
    $this->categories = $categories;
  

  /**
   * Process a subtree
   * @param array $categories
   * @param integer $parentId
   * @return array 
   */
  protected function getSubtree(array $categories, $parentId = 0) 
    $tree = array();

    foreach($categories as $category) 
      if($category['suboff'] == $parentId) 
        $tree[$category['id']] = $category;
        $tree[$category['id']]['children'] = $this->getSubtree($categories, $category['id']);
      
    

    return $tree;
  

  /**
   * Get the category tree as structured array
   * @return array 
   */
  public function getTree() 
    if(empty($this->tree)) 
      $this->tree = $this->getSubtree($this->categories, 0);
    
    return $this->tree;
  

  /**
   * Get the category tree as string representation
   * @return string
   */
  public function __toString() 
    return "<pre>" . print_r($this->getTree(), true) . "</pre>";
  




// Now, use the class with the givven data:

$categories = array(
  array(
    'id' => 1,
    'category' => 'software',
    'suboff' => 0
  ),
  array(
    'id' => 2,
    'category' => 'programming',
    'suboff' => 1
  ),
  array(
    'id' => 3,
    'category' => 'Testing',
    'suboff' => 1
  ),
  array(
    'id' => 4,
    'category' => 'Designing',
    'suboff' => 1
  ),
  array(
    'id' => 5,
    'category' => 'Hospital',
    'suboff' => 0
  ),
  array(
    'id' => 6,
    'category' => 'Doctor',
    'suboff' => 5
  ),
  array(
    'id' => 7,
    'category' => 'Nurses',
    'suboff' => 5
  ),
  array(
    'id' => 9,
    'category' => 'Teaching',
    'suboff' => 0
  ),
  array(
    'id' => 10,
    'category' => 'php programming',
    'suboff' => 2
  ),
  array(
    'id' => 11,
    'category' => '.net programming',
    'suboff' => 2
  )
);

$myTree = new CategoryTree($categories);
echo $myTree;

?>

【讨论】:

【参考方案9】:

这个解决方案对我来说很好。

$array = array(
    array('1','software','0'),
    array('2','programming','1'),
    array('3','Testing','1'),
    array('4','Designing','1'),
    array('5','Hospital','0'),
    array('6','Doctor','5'),
    array('7','Nurses','5'),
    array('9','Teaching','0'),
    array('10','php programming','2'),
    array('11','.net programming','2')
);

$newArray = getTree($array);

function getTree( $rows, $suboff = 0) 

    $return = array();

    foreach($rows as $row) 

        if($row[2] == $suboff)

            $newrow = $row;

            $subs = $this->getTree($rows, $row[0]);

            if ( !empty($subs) ) 
                $newrow['subs'] = $subs;
            

            $return[] = $newrow;

        
    

    return $return;


【讨论】:

【参考方案10】:

这是我刚刚为我的应用写的,它就像一个魅力:)

$array = [
    'i' => ['key' => 'i', 'name' => 'php programming', 'parent' => 'b'], 
    'g' => ['key' => 'g', 'name' => 'Nurses', 'parent' => 'e'],
    'j' => ['key' => 'j', 'name' => '.net programming', 'parent' => 'b'], 
    'b' => ['key' => 'b', 'name' => 'programming', 'parent' => 'a'],
    'a' => ['key' => 'a', 'name' => 'software', 'parent' => 'asd'],
    'c' => ['key' => 'c', 'name' => 'Testing', 'parent' => 'a'], 
    'd' => ['key' => 'd', 'name' => 'Designing', 'parent' => 'a'], 
    'e' => ['key' => 'e', 'name' => 'Hospital', 'parent' => 'asd'],  
    'f' => ['key' => 'f', 'name' => 'Doctor', 'parent' => 'e'], 
    'h' => ['key' => 'h', 'name' => 'Teaching'],  
];

function getAsTree(array &$array)

    foreach ($array as $key => $item) 
        if (isset($item['parent']) && isset($array[$item['parent']])) 
            $array[$item['parent']]['children'][] = $item;
            unset($array[$key]);
            return getAsTree($array);
        
    

    return $array;

结果如下:

--- a: software
------ b: programming
--------- i: php programming
--------- j: .net programming
------ c: Testing
------ d: Designing
--- e: Hospital
------ g: Nurses
------ f: Doctor
--- h: Teaching

【讨论】:

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