OpenWindowStation 错误 183 /ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS/
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【中文标题】OpenWindowStation 错误 183 /ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS/【英文标题】：OpenWindowStation error 183 /ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS/ 【发布时间】：2016-07-11 15:18:46 【问题描述】：我正在编写一个具有远程管理功能的程序，但遇到了一些问题。主要问题是，每次调用“OpenWindowStation”都会导致“错误 183”和空指针。
此代码在 LocalSystem 帐户上作为服务运行。我也尝试过允许桌面交互，但所有这些都是徒劳的。
我在这里查看了几个类似的问题，但他们的任何决定都没有帮助我。
namespace sasserv
public class sasserv : ServiceBase
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
static extern IntPtr OpenWindowStation( string name, bool fInherit, uint needAccess );
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
static extern IntPtr CloseWindowStation( IntPtr hWinSta );
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
static extern IntPtr OpenDesktop( string name, Int32 flags, bool fInherit, long param );
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
static extern IntPtr CloseDesktop( IntPtr hDesktop );
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
static extern bool PostMessage( IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 msg, UInt32 wParam, IntPtr lParam );
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
static extern bool SetThreadDesktop( IntPtr hDesktop );
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
static extern bool SetProcessWindowStation( IntPtr hWinSta );
public const string MyServiceName = "sasserv";
public sasserv()
InitializeComponent();
private void InitializeComponent()
this.ServiceName = MyServiceName;
/// <summary>
/// Start this service.
/// </summary>
protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
RunWinlogon();
/// <summary>
/// Stop this service.
/// </summary>
protected override void OnStop()
protected void OutputLastError(string funcName)
int err = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
if ( err > 0 )
Out(funcName, "ERR:"+err);
private void RunWinlogon()
int WINSTA_ALL_ACCESS = 0x37F;
long DESKTOP_CREATEMENU = 0x0004L;
long DESKTOP_CREATEWINDOW = 0x0002L;
long DESKTOP_ENUMERATE = 0x0040L;
long DESKTOP_HOOKCONTROL = 0x0008L;
long DESKTOP_JOURNALPLAYBACK = 0x0020L;
long DESKTOP_JOURNALRECORD = 0x0010L;
long DESKTOP_READOBJECTS = 0x0001L;
long DESKTOP_SWITCHDESKTOP = 0x0100L;
long DESKTOP_WRITEOBJECTS = 0x0080L;
int HWND_BROADCAST = 0xffff;
uint WM_HOTKEY = 0x0312;
short MOD_ALT = 0x0001;
short MOD_CONTROL = 0x0002;
short VK_DELETE = 0x2E;
uint MAXIMUM_ALLOWED = 0x2000000;
uint WLX_WM_SAS = 0x0659;
uint WLX_SAS_TYPE_CTRL_ALT_DEL = 0x0001;
uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000;
uint GENERIC_EXECUTE = 0x20000000;
uint GENERIC_ALL = 0x10000000;
uint GENERIC_RIGHTS_CHK = 0xF0000000;
Out("OpenWindowStation", "Running2");
var hWinSta = OpenWindowStation( "WinSta0", false, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED );
if ( hWinSta == IntPtr.Zero )
Out("OpenWindowStation", "hWinSta=ZERO");
return;
OutputLastError("OpenWindowStation");
Out("SetProcessWindowStation", "Running");
if ( !SetProcessWindowStation( hWinSta ) )
Out("SetProcessWindowStation", "FALSE");
return;
OutputLastError("SetProcessWindowStation");
Out("OpenDesktop", "Running");
var hDesk = OpenDesktop( "Winlogon", 0, false, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED);
OutputLastError("OpenDesktop");
if ( hDesk == IntPtr.Zero )
Out("OpenDesktop", "HDESK=ZERO");
return;
if ( !SetThreadDesktop(hDesk) )
Out("SetThreadDesktop", "FALSE");
return;
OutputLastError("SetThreadDesktop");
Out("PostMessage", "Running...");
var postSucc = PostMessage( new IntPtr(HWND_BROADCAST),
WLX_WM_SAS,
WLX_SAS_TYPE_CTRL_ALT_DEL,
IntPtr.Zero);
OutputLastError("PostMessage");
CloseDesktop( hDesk );
CloseWindowStation( hWinSta );
static IntPtr MakeLongPtr( short wLow, short wHigh )
return new IntPtr( (UInt32)(wLow | ( (UInt32)wHigh << 16 )));
static void Out( string func, string info )
NLog.Logger logger = NLog.LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
logger.Info( "FUNC: "+func+" . INFO: "+info );
这是执行日志：
这是执行日志： 12.07.2016 10:29:47.3526|sasserv|FUNC: 打开窗口站。信息：正在运行2 12.07.2016 10:29:47.3646|sasserv|FUNC: SetProcessWindowStation 。信息：正在运行 12.07.2016 10:29:47.3646|sasserv|FUNC: SetProcessWindowStation 。信息：错误：183 12.07.2016 10:29:47.3746|sasserv|FUNC: OpenDesktop 。信息：正在运行 12.07.2016 10:29:47.3746|sasserv|FUNC: OpenDesktop 。信息：错误：183 12.07.2016 10:29:47.4025|sasserv|FUNC: SetThreadDesktop 。信息：错误：183 12.07.2016 10:29:47.4065|sasserv|FUNC: PostMessage 。信息：正在运行... 12.07.2016 10:29:47.4065|sasserv|FUNC: PostMessage 。信息：错误：87
【问题讨论】：
您的错误报告已损坏。您不能以这种方式调用GetLastError，因为 .net 运行时调用 Win32 API 函数。在DllImport 属性中使用SetLastError = true，然后调用Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()。
谢谢，大卫！我提供了您的更正，但主要问题仍然存在！
所以，这个问题还没有决定。因此，我决定使用 ExitWindowsEx 函数（临时）来更改用户（通过注销）。
当然，这也是一个很奇怪的决定，但对于第一个版本来说已经足够了。
【参考方案1】：
您需要将 DLL 导入标记为SetLastError=true，然后直接使用Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() 而不是GetLastError()。来自文档：
GetLastWin32Error从 Kernel32.DLL 公开 Win32GetLastError函数。 存在此方法是因为直接平台调用GetLastError来获取此信息是不安全的。如果要访问此错误代码，则必须调用GetLastWin32Error而不是为GetLastError编写自己的平台调用定义并调用它。公共语言运行时可以对覆盖操作系统维护的GetLastError的 API 进行内部调用。只有将 System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImportAttribute 应用于方法签名并将 SetLastError 字段设置为 true 时，才能使用此方法获取错误代码。此过程因使用的源语言而异：C# 和 C++ 默认为 false，但 Visual Basic 中的 Declare 语句为 true。
例如：
namespace sasserv
public class sasserv : ServiceBase
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
static extern IntPtr OpenWindowStation( string name, bool fInherit, uint needAccess );
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
static extern IntPtr CloseWindowStation( IntPtr hWinSta );
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
static extern IntPtr OpenDesktop( string name, Int32 flags, bool fInherit, long param );
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
static extern IntPtr CloseDesktop( IntPtr hDesktop );
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
static extern bool PostMessage( IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 msg, UInt32 wParam, IntPtr lParam );
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
static extern bool SetThreadDesktop( IntPtr hDesktop );
[DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
static extern bool SetProcessWindowStation( IntPtr hWinSta );
public const string MyServiceName = "sasserv";
public sasserv()
InitializeComponent();
private void InitializeComponent()
this.ServiceName = MyServiceName;
/// <summary>
/// Clean up any resources being used.
/// </summary>
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
// TODO: Add cleanup code here (if required)
base.Dispose(disposing);
/// <summary>
/// Start this service.
/// </summary>
protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
RunWinlogon();
/// <summary>
/// Stop this service.
/// </summary>
protected override void OnStop()
// TODO: Add tear-down code here (if required) to stop your service.
protected void OutputLastError(string funcName)
int err = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
Out(funcName, "ERR:"+err);
private void RunWinlogon()
int err = 9999;
int WINSTA_ALL_ACCESS = 0x37F;
long DESKTOP_CREATEMENU = 0x0004L;
long DESKTOP_CREATEWINDOW = 0x0002L;
long DESKTOP_ENUMERATE = 0x0040L;
long DESKTOP_HOOKCONTROL = 0x0008L;
long DESKTOP_JOURNALPLAYBACK = 0x0020L;
long DESKTOP_JOURNALRECORD = 0x0010L;
long DESKTOP_READOBJECTS = 0x0001L;
long DESKTOP_SWITCHDESKTOP = 0x0100L;
long DESKTOP_WRITEOBJECTS = 0x0080L;
int HWND_BROADCAST = 0xffff;
uint WM_HOTKEY = 0x0312;
short MOD_ALT = 0x0001;
short MOD_CONTROL = 0x0002;
short VK_DELETE = 0x2E;
uint MAXIMUM_ALLOWED = 0x2000000;
uint WLX_WM_SAS = 0x0659;
uint WLX_SAS_TYPE_CTRL_ALT_DEL = 0x0001;
uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000;
uint GENERIC_EXECUTE = 0x20000000;
uint GENERIC_ALL = 0x10000000;
uint GENERIC_RIGHTS_CHK = 0xF0000000;
Out("OpenWindowStation", "Running1");
var hWinSta = OpenWindowStation( "WinSta0", false, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED );
if ( hWinSta == IntPtr.Zero )
OutputLastError("OpenWindowStation");
return;
Out("SetProcessWindowStation", "Running");
if ( !SetProcessWindowStation( hWinSta ) )
OutputLastError("SetProcessWindowStation");
CloseWindowStation( hWinSta );
return;
Out("OpenDesktop", "Running");
var hDesk = OpenDesktop( "Winlogon", 0, false, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED);
if ( hDesk == IntPtr.Zero )
OutputLastError("OpenDesktop");
CloseWindowStation( hWinSta );
return;
if ( !SetThreadDesktop(hDesk) )
OutputLastError("SetThreadDesktop");
CloseDesktop( hDesk );
CloseWindowStation( hWinSta );
return;
Out("PostMessage", "Running...");
if ( !PostMessage( new IntPtr(HWND_BROADCAST),
WLX_WM_SAS,
WLX_SAS_TYPE_CTRL_ALT_DEL,
IntPtr.Zero) )
OutputLastError("PostMessage");
CloseDesktop( hDesk );
CloseWindowStation( hWinSta );
static IntPtr MakeLongPtr( short wLow, short wHigh )
return new IntPtr( (UInt32)(wLow | ( (UInt32)wHigh << 16 )));
static void Out( string func, string info )
NLog.Logger logger = NLog.LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
logger.Info( "FUNC: "+func+" . "+info );
话虽如此，发出 Ctrl-Alt-Del 序列的另一种方法是使用 SendSAS() 函数而不是广播 WLX_WM_SAS 窗口消息。
【讨论】：
谢谢你，雷米！我知道 SendSAS，但这里有几个问题： 1. 我们需要发送电子邮件给 MS 并等待他们的回复 2. 我们需要在 WinXP（32 位）上运行此代码。 @IgorEvdokimov 您不需要向 MS 发送电子邮件，事实上 SAS 电子邮件已被弃用并且不太可能回复。您只需要 Win7 SDK 中的sas.dll 可再发行组件。
非常感谢！我想，我会在非WinXP环境下使用它！以上是关于OpenWindowStation 错误 183 /ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS/的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
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