OpenGL GLFW简单立方体不渲染

Posted 2023-02-22

【中文标题】OpenGL GLFW简单立方体不渲染

【英文标题】：OpenGL GLFW simple cube not rendering

【发布时间】：2017-04-06 20:56:21

【问题描述】：

看在上帝的份上，谁能告诉我这段代码有什么问题，它没有显示一个带有简单顶点和片段着色器的简单立方体， 看来我已经正确初始化 gl 和 GLFW，创建着色器编译并链接它们，创建模型视图投影矩阵，并将它们传递给着色器，我不明白为什么它不渲染。

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

#include <GL\glew.h>
#include <GLFW\glfw3.h>

#include <glm\glm.hpp>
#include <glm\gtc\matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm\gtc\type_ptr.hpp>

using namespace std;
using namespace glm;

int g_gl_width = 800;
int g_gl_height = 600;
GLFWwindow* g_window = NULL;

void glfw_error_callback(int error, const char* description) 
    cerr << description << endl;


void glfw_window_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height) 
    g_gl_width = width;
    g_gl_height = height;


void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset)




void mouse_button_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int button, int action, int mods)




int main(int argc, char * argv [])

    glfwSetErrorCallback(glfw_error_callback);
    if (!glfwInit()) 
        cerr << "ERROR: could not start GLFW3\n" << endl;
        return false;
    
    g_window = glfwCreateWindow(
        g_gl_width, g_gl_height, "Extended Init.", NULL, NULL
        );
    if (!g_window) 
        cerr << "ERROR: could not open window with GLFW3\n" << endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return false;
    
    glfwSetWindowSizeCallback(g_window, glfw_window_size_callback);
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(g_window);
    glfwSetMouseButtonCallback(g_window, mouse_button_callback);
    glfwSetScrollCallback(g_window, scroll_callback);

    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, 4);

    glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
    glewInit();

    const GLubyte* renderer = glGetString(GL_RENDERER); 
    const GLubyte* version = glGetString(GL_VERSION);
    cout << "Renderer: " << renderer;
    cout << "OpenGL version supported: " << version;

    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // enable depth-testing
    glDepthFunc(GL_LESS); // depth-testing interprets a smaller value as "closer"
    glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); // cull face
    glCullFace(GL_BACK); // cull back face

    glClearColor(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f);
    glViewport(0, 0, g_gl_width, g_gl_height);

    GLfloat points[] = 
        -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, // triangle 1 : begin
        -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // triangle 1 : end
        1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // triangle 2 : begin
        -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // triangle 2 : end

        1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
        1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
        1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,
        1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
        -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,

        -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,
        1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,

        -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
        1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,

        1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
        1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,

        1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f
    ;

    GLuint vao;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
    glBindVertexArray(vao);

    GLuint vbo;
    glGenBuffers(1, &vbo);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
    glBufferData(
        GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,
        3 * 36 * sizeof(GLfloat),
        points,
        GL_STATIC_DRAW
        );
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    const char* vertex_shader =
        "#version 410\n"
        "layout(location = 0) in vec3 vertex_position;\n"
        "uniform mat4 model, view, projection;\n"
        "void main() \n"
        "   gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(vertex_position, 1.0);\n"
        "\n";

    const char* fragment_shader =
        "#version 410\n"
        "void main() \n"
        "   gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0);\n"
        "\n";

    GLuint vs = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vs, 1, &vertex_shader, NULL);
    glCompileShader(vs);
    GLuint fs = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fs, 1, &fragment_shader, NULL);
    glCompileShader(fs);
    GLuint shader_programme = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(shader_programme, fs);
    glAttachShader(shader_programme, vs);
    glLinkProgram(shader_programme);

    mat4 projection = glm::perspective(90.0f, (float)(g_gl_width / g_gl_height), 0.1f, 100.0f);

mat4 view = glm::mat4(1.0f);
view = glm::translate(view, vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
view = glm::rotate(view, 0.0f, vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
view = glm::rotate(view, 0.0f, vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
view = glm::rotate(view, 0.0f, vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));

    mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
    model = glm::translate(model, vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
    model = glm::rotate(model, 0.0f, vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
    model = glm::rotate(model, 0.0f, vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
    model = glm::rotate(model, 0.0f, vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));

    int model_mat_location = glGetUniformLocation(shader_programme, "model");
    glUniformMatrix4fv(model_mat_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
    int view_mat_location = glGetUniformLocation(shader_programme, "view");
    glUniformMatrix4fv(view_mat_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
    int proj_mat_location = glGetUniformLocation(shader_programme, "projection");
    glUniformMatrix4fv(proj_mat_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
    glUseProgram(shader_programme);

    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(g_window)) 
        glfwMakeContextCurrent(g_window);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
        glViewport(0, 0, g_gl_width, g_gl_height);
        glBindVertexArray(vao);
        glUseProgram(shader_programme);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
        if (GLFW_PRESS == glfwGetKey(g_window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE)) 
            glfwSetWindowShouldClose(g_window, 1);
        
        glfwPollEvents();
        glfwSwapBuffers(g_window);
    
    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;

编辑：

我还想指出我在代码中还有另一个错误

mat4 view = glm::mat4(1.0f);
glm::translate(view, vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
glm::rotate(view, 0.0f, vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
glm::rotate(view, 0.0f, vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
glm::rotate(view, 0.0f, vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));

应该是：

mat4 view = glm::mat4(1.0f);
view = glm::translate(view, vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
view = glm::rotate(view, 0.0f, vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
view = glm::rotate(view, 0.0f, vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
view = glm::rotate(view, 0.0f, vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));

还有模特。

【参考方案1】：

问题可能出在这段代码中。

int model_mat_location = glGetUniformLocation(shader_programme, "model");
glUniformMatrix4fv(model_mat_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
int view_mat_location = glGetUniformLocation(shader_programme, "view");
glUniformMatrix4fv(view_mat_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
int proj_mat_location = glGetUniformLocation(shader_programme, "projection");
glUniformMatrix4fv(proj_mat_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
glUseProgram(shader_programme);

您需要致电glUseProgram在您尝试对统一值进行任何更改。 location 变量是为每个着色器独立分配的，这意味着对于程序 1，位置将在 [0,1,2,3,...] 范围内，对于程序 2，位置也将在范围 [0,1,2,3,...]。因此，在没有活动程序的情况下调用 glUniform* 意味着 OpenGL 不知道您正在为哪个程序更新制服，因此不知道如何应用您传递的值。

此外，您可能还需要更改此代码：

mat4 view = glm::mat4(1.0f);
glm::translate(view, vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
glm::rotate(view, 0.0f, vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
glm::rotate(view, 0.0f, vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
glm::rotate(view, 0.0f, vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));

虽然此代码基本上没有任何问题，但这会将相机放在立方体内。启用人脸剔除后，您可能实际上看不到任何东西，因为所有的人脸都背对着您。出于测试目的，请考虑使用glm::lookAt。

mat4 view = glm::lookAt(vec3(3, 3, 1), vec3(0, 0, 0), vec3(0, 1, 0));

【讨论】：

非常感谢，我添加了您的两个建议，并且成功了！