STM32 链接器脚本仅用于来自 FLASH 的启动脚本,其他一切来自 RAM

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【中文标题】STM32 链接器脚本仅用于来自 FLASH 的启动脚本,其他一切来自 RAM【英文标题】:STM32 linker script for only startup script from FLASH, everything else from RAM 【发布时间】:2021-11-14 04:57:11 【问题描述】:

我有一个带有 1 MB 内部闪存的 f7。由于国际芯片短缺,我必须应对新的挑战:

我现在有一个只有 64kB 内部闪存和 16MB 外部 qspi 闪存的 f7。

我需要引导加载程序来更新外部 qspi 闪存中的应用程序。引导加载程序不适合内部闪存。但是在内存映射模式下我无法写入 qspi 内存。所以我初始化外部 qspi 闪存,将其全部复制到 RAM 中(我确实有足够的 RAM)并从那里运行引导加载程序。或者我是这么想的。

这是我认为只让启动脚本从外部闪存运行的链接器脚本。但是链接器错误 relocation truncated truncated to fit: R_ARM_PREL31 against `.text' 出现了。

MEMORY

  FLASH (xr)      : ORIGIN = 0x90F00000, LENGTH = 1M
  RAM (xrw)       : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 316K


/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS

  /* The startup code goes first into FLASH */
  .isr_vector :
  
    . = ALIGN(4);
    KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
    . = ALIGN(4);
   >FLASH
  
  /* The program code and other data goes into FLASH */
  .text.Reset_Handler :
  
    . = ALIGN(4);
    *(.text)
    *(.text*)
    . = ALIGN(4);
   >FLASH
  
  .text :
  
    . = ALIGN(4);
    *(.text)           /* .text sections (code) */
    *(.text*)          /* .text* sections (code) */
    *(.glue_7)         /* glue arm to thumb code */
    *(.glue_7t)        /* glue thumb to arm code */
    *(.eh_frame)
    KEEP (*(.init))
    KEEP (*(.fini))

    . = ALIGN(4);
    _etext = .;        /* define a global symbols at end of code */
   >RAM AT> FLASH

  /* Constant data goes into FLASH */
  .rodata :
  
    . = ALIGN(4);
    *(.rodata)         /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    *(.rodata*)        /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */ 
    . = ALIGN(4);
   >RAM AT> FLASH

  .ARM.extab   :  *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*)  >FLASH
  .ARM : 
    __exidx_start = .;
    *(.ARM.exidx*)
    __exidx_end = .;
   >RAM AT> FLASH

  .preinit_array     :
  
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
    KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
   >FLASH
  .init_array :
  
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
    KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
    KEEP (*(.init_array*))
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
   >FLASH
  .fini_array :
  
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
    KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
    KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
    PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
   >FLASH

  /* used by the startup to initialize data */
  _sidata = LOADADDR(.data);

  /* Initialized data sections goes into RAM, load LMA copy after code */
  .data : 
  
    . = ALIGN(4);
    _sdata = .;        /* create a global symbol at data start */
    *(.data)           /* .data sections */
    *(.data*)          /* .data* sections */

    . = ALIGN(4);
    _edata = .;        /* define a global symbol at data end */
   >RAM AT >FLASH

  
  /* Uninitialized data section */
  . = ALIGN(4);
  .bss :
  
    /* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss secion */
    _sbss = .;         /* define a global symbol at bss start */
    __bss_start__ = _sbss;
    *(.bss)
    *(.bss*)
    *(COMMON)

    . = ALIGN(4);
    _ebss = .;         /* define a global symbol at bss end */
    __bss_end__ = _ebss;
   >RAM

  /* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough RAM left */
  ._user_heap_stack :
  
/*    . = ALIGN(4); */
    . = ALIGN(8);
    PROVIDE ( end = . );
    PROVIDE ( _end = . );
    . = . + _Min_Heap_Size;
    . = . + _Min_Stack_Size;
/*    . = ALIGN(4); */
    . = ALIGN(8);
   >RAM

  

  /* Remove information from the standard libraries */
  /DISCARD/ :
  
    libc.a ( * )
    libm.a ( * )
    libgcc.a ( * )
  

  .ARM.attributes 0 :  *(.ARM.attributes) 

现在我想获得有关如何克服此 PREL31 限制的指导或告诉我我做错了什么。

【问题讨论】:

我认为这个错误可能来自 Cortex M7 上立即分支指令的 16MB 限制。我的猜测是编译器使用B 指令而不是BX。您能否发布您的 C 代码,从外部闪存跳转到 RAM 或其他方式? 它是来自 STM32 Cube IDE 的标准启动脚本,应该进行复制。它在汇编程序中而不是 C 中。这是 pastebin。请关注第 74 行 ff。 pastebin.com/AJXqrkYY 【参考方案1】:

摆弄了 2 天后,我让它运行起来了。 我多次更改链接描述文件,现在错误不会再次出现。

我确实在这里提供了我的代码,但请注意它没有经过优化或没有错误。

TLDR;这是我的链接器脚本。

MEMORY

  FLASH (xr)      : ORIGIN = 0x90F00000, LENGTH = 1M
  RAM (xrw)       : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 316K


/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS

  /* used by the startup to initialize data */
  _siisr_vector = LOADADDR(.isr_vector);
  
  /* The startup code goes first into FLASH */
  .isr_vector :
  
    . = ALIGN(4);
    _sisr_vector = .;    /* create a global symbol at data start */
    KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
    . = ALIGN(4);
    _eisr_vector = .;    /* define a global symbol at data end */
   >RAM AT> FLASH
  
  /* The program code and other data goes into FLASH */
  .text.Reset_Handler :
  
    . = ALIGN(4);
    *(.text.Reset_Handler)
    . = ALIGN(4);
   >FLASH
  
  /* used by the startup to initialize data */
  _sitext = LOADADDR(.text);
  
  .text :
  
    . = ALIGN(4);
    _stext = .;        /* create a global symbol at code start */
    *(.text)           /* .text sections (code) */
    *(.text*)          /* .text* sections (code) */
    *(.glue_7)         /* glue arm to thumb code */
    *(.glue_7t)        /* glue thumb to arm code */
    *(.eh_frame)
    KEEP (*(.init))
    KEEP (*(.fini))

    . = ALIGN(4);
    _etext = .;        /* define a global symbols at end of code */
   >RAM AT> FLASH

  /* used by the startup to initialize data */
  _sirodata = LOADADDR(.rodata);
  
  /* Constant data goes into FLASH */
  .rodata :
  
    . = ALIGN(4);
    _srodata = .;
    *(.rodata)         /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    *(.rodata*)        /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */ 
    . = ALIGN(4);
    _erodata = .;
   >RAM AT> FLASH

  /* used by the startup to initialize data */
  _siextab = LOADADDR(.ARM.extab);
  
  .ARM.extab :
   
    _sextab = .;
    *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*)
    _eextab = .; 
   >RAM AT> FLASH
  
  /* used by the startup to initialize data */
  _siexidx = LOADADDR(.ARM);
  
  .ARM :
  
    __exidx_start = .;
    *(.ARM.exidx*)
    __exidx_end = .;
   >RAM AT> FLASH

  /* used by the startup to initialize data */
  _sipreinit_array = LOADADDR(.preinit_array);
  
  .preinit_array     :
  
    __preinit_array_start = .;
    KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
    __preinit_array_end = .;
   >RAM AT> FLASH
  
  /* used by the startup to initialize data */
  _siinit_array = LOADADDR(.init_array);
  
  .init_array :
  
    __init_array_start = .;
    KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
    KEEP (*(.init_array*))
    __init_array_end = .;
   >RAM AT> FLASH
  
  /* used by the startup to initialize data */
  _sifini_array = LOADADDR(.fini_array);
  
  .fini_array :
  
    __fini_array_start = .;
    KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
    KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
    __fini_array_end = .;
   >RAM AT> FLASH

  /* used by the startup to initialize data */
  _sidata = LOADADDR(.data);

  /* Initialized data sections goes into RAM, load LMA copy after code */
  .data : 
  
    . = ALIGN(4);
    _sdata = .;        /* create a global symbol at data start */
    *(.data)           /* .data sections */
    *(.data*)          /* .data* sections */

    . = ALIGN(4);
    _edata = .;        /* define a global symbol at data end */
   >RAM AT> FLASH

  
  /* Uninitialized data section */
  . = ALIGN(4);
  .bss :
  
    /* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss secion */
    _sbss = .;         /* define a global symbol at bss start */
    __bss_start__ = _sbss;
    *(.bss)
    *(.bss*)
    *(COMMON)

    . = ALIGN(4);
    _ebss = .;         /* define a global symbol at bss end */
    __bss_end__ = _ebss;
   >RAM

  /* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough RAM left */
  ._user_heap_stack :
  
    . = ALIGN(8);
    PROVIDE ( end = . );
    PROVIDE ( _end = . );
    . = . + _Min_Heap_Size;
    . = . + _Min_Stack_Size;
    . = ALIGN(8);
   >RAM

  

  /* Remove information from the standard libraries */
  /DISCARD/ :
  
    libc.a ( * )
    libm.a ( * )
    libgcc.a ( * )
  

  .ARM.attributes 0 :  *(.ARM.attributes) 

感谢@Guillaume Petitjean 我发现我还应该编写启动脚本,将所有内容复制到 Ram。所以我也修改了启动汇编脚本。这里是:

    .section  .text.Reset_Handler
  .weak  Reset_Handler
  .type  Reset_Handler, %function
Reset_Handler:  
  ldr   sp, =_estack      /* set stack pointer */

/* Copy the data segment initializers from flash to SRAM */  
  movs  r1, #0
  b  LoopCopyDataInit

CopyDataInit:
  ldr  r3, =_sidata
  ldr  r3, [r3, r1]
  str  r3, [r0, r1]
  adds  r1, r1, #4
    
LoopCopyDataInit:
  ldr  r0, =_sdata
  ldr  r3, =_edata
  adds  r2, r0, r1
  cmp  r2, r3
  bcc  CopyDataInit
  movs  r1, #0
  b  LoopCopyIsrInit

CopyIsrInit:
  ldr  r3, =_siisr_vector
  ldr  r3, [r3, r1]
  str  r3, [r0, r1]
  adds  r1, r1, #4

LoopCopyIsrInit:
  ldr  r0, =_sisr_vector
  ldr  r3, =_eisr_vector
  adds  r2, r0, r1
  cmp  r2, r3
  bcc  CopyIsrInit
  movs r1, #0
  b  LoopCopyCodeInit

CopyCodeInit:
  ldr  r3, =_sitext
  ldr  r3, [r3, r1]
  str  r3, [r0, r1]
  adds  r1, r1, #4

LoopCopyCodeInit:
  ldr  r0, =_stext
  ldr  r3, =_etext
  adds  r2, r0, r1
  cmp  r2, r3
  bcc  CopyCodeInit
  movs  r1, #0
  b  LoopCopyRodataInit

CopyRodataInit:
  ldr  r3, =_sirodata
  ldr  r3, [r3, r1]
  str  r3, [r0, r1]
  adds  r1, r1, #4

LoopCopyRodataInit:
  ldr  r0, =_srodata
  ldr  r3, =_erodata
  adds  r2, r0, r1
  cmp  r2, r3
  bcc  CopyRodataInit
  movs  r1, #0
  b  LoopCopyArmExtabInit

CopyArmExtabInit:
  ldr  r3, =_siextab
  ldr  r3, [r3, r1]
  str  r3, [r0, r1]
  adds  r1, r1, #4

LoopCopyArmExtabInit:
  ldr  r0, =_sextab
  ldr  r3, =_eextab
  adds  r2, r0, r1
  cmp  r2, r3
  bcc  CopyArmExtabInit
  movs  r1, #0
  b  LoopCopyArmInit

CopyArmInit:
  ldr  r3, =_siexidx
  ldr  r3, [r3, r1]
  str  r3, [r0, r1]
  adds  r1, r1, #4

LoopCopyArmInit:
  ldr  r0, =__exidx_start
  ldr  r3, =__exidx_end
  adds  r2, r0, r1
  cmp  r2, r3
  bcc  CopyArmInit
  movs  r1, #0
  b  LoopCopyPreinitArrayInit

CopyPreinitArrayInit:
  ldr  r3, =_sipreinit_array
  ldr  r3, [r3, r1]
  str  r3, [r0, r1]
  adds  r1, r1, #4

LoopCopyPreinitArrayInit:
  ldr  r0, =__preinit_array_start
  ldr  r3, =__preinit_array_end
  adds  r2, r0, r1
  cmp  r2, r3
  bcc  CopyPreinitArrayInit
  movs  r1, #0
  b  LoopCopyInitArrayInit

CopyInitArrayInit:
  ldr  r3, =_siinit_array
  ldr  r3, [r3, r1]
  str  r3, [r0, r1]
  adds  r1, r1, #4

LoopCopyInitArrayInit:
  ldr  r0, =__init_array_start
  ldr  r3, =__init_array_end
  adds  r2, r0, r1
  cmp  r2, r3
  bcc  CopyInitArrayInit
  movs  r1, #0
  b  LoopCopyFiniArrayInit

CopyFiniArrayInit:
  ldr  r3, =_sifini_array
  ldr  r3, [r3, r1]
  str  r3, [r0, r1]
  adds  r1, r1, #4

LoopCopyFiniArrayInit:
  ldr  r0, =__fini_array_start
  ldr  r3, =__fini_array_end
  adds  r2, r0, r1
  cmp  r2, r3
  bcc  CopyFiniArrayInit
  ldr  r2, =_sbss
  b  LoopFillZerobss
/* Zero fill the bss segment. */  
FillZerobss:
  movs  r3, #0
  str  r3, [r2], #4
    
LoopFillZerobss:
  ldr  r3, = _ebss
  cmp  r2, r3
  bcc  FillZerobss

/* Call the clock system initialization function.*/
  bl  SystemInit   
/* Call static constructors */
    bl __libc_init_array
/* Call the application's entry point.*/
  bl  main

我希望这可以帮助或至少为您指明正确的方向。

【讨论】:

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