MF SinkWriter 写入样本失败
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【中文标题】MF SinkWriter 写入样本失败【英文标题】:MF SinkWriter Write Sample Failed 【发布时间】:2017-11-08 05:33:08 【问题描述】:我正在尝试使用 MediaFoundation 将 ID3D11Texture2D 编码为 mp4。以下是我当前的代码。
初始化接收器写入器
private int InitializeSinkWriter(String outputFile, int videoWidth, int videoHeight)
IMFMediaType mediaTypeIn = null;
IMFMediaType mediaTypeOut = null;
IMFAttributes attributes = null;
int hr = 0;
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)MFExtern.MFCreateAttributes(out attributes, 1);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)attributes.SetUINT32(MFAttributesClsid.MF_READWRITE_ENABLE_HARDWARE_TRANSFORMS, 1);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)attributes.SetUINT32(MFAttributesClsid.MF_LOW_LATENCY, 1);
// Create the sink writer
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)MFExtern.MFCreateSinkWriterFromURL(outputFile, null, attributes, out sinkWriter);
// Create the output type
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)MFExtern.MFCreateMediaType(out mediaTypeOut);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)mediaTypeOut.SetGUID(MFAttributesClsid.MF_MT_MAJOR_TYPE, MFMediaType.Video);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)mediaTypeOut.SetGUID(MFAttributesClsid.MF_TRANSCODE_CONTAINERTYPE, MFTranscodeContainerType.MPEG4);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)mediaTypeOut.SetGUID(MFAttributesClsid.MF_MT_SUBTYPE, MFMediaType.H264);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)mediaTypeOut.SetUINT32(MFAttributesClsid.MF_MT_AVG_BITRATE, videoBitRate);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)mediaTypeOut.SetUINT32(MFAttributesClsid.MF_MT_INTERLACE_MODE, (int)MFVideoInterlaceMode.Progressive);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)MFExtern.MFSetAttributeSize(mediaTypeOut, MFAttributesClsid.MF_MT_FRAME_SIZE, videoWidth, videoHeight);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)MFExtern.MFSetAttributeRatio(mediaTypeOut, MFAttributesClsid.MF_MT_FRAME_RATE, VIDEO_FPS, 1);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)MFExtern.MFSetAttributeRatio(mediaTypeOut, MFAttributesClsid.MF_MT_PIXEL_ASPECT_RATIO, 1, 1);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)sinkWriter.AddStream(mediaTypeOut, out streamIndex);
// Create the input type
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)MFExtern.MFCreateMediaType(out mediaTypeIn);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)mediaTypeIn.SetGUID(MFAttributesClsid.MF_MT_MAJOR_TYPE, MFMediaType.Video);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)mediaTypeIn.SetGUID(MFAttributesClsid.MF_MT_SUBTYPE, MFMediaType.ARGB32);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)mediaTypeIn.SetUINT32(MFAttributesClsid.MF_SA_D3D11_AWARE, 1);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)mediaTypeIn.SetUINT32(MFAttributesClsid.MF_MT_INTERLACE_MODE, (int)MFVideoInterlaceMode.Progressive);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)MFExtern.MFSetAttributeSize(mediaTypeIn, MFAttributesClsid.MF_MT_FRAME_SIZE, videoWidth, videoHeight);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)MFExtern.MFSetAttributeRatio(mediaTypeIn, MFAttributesClsid.MF_MT_FRAME_RATE, VIDEO_FPS, 1);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)MFExtern.MFSetAttributeRatio(mediaTypeIn, MFAttributesClsid.MF_MT_PIXEL_ASPECT_RATIO, 1, 1);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)sinkWriter.SetInputMediaType(streamIndex, mediaTypeIn, null);
// Start accepting data
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)sinkWriter.BeginWriting();
COMBase.SafeRelease(mediaTypeOut);
COMBase.SafeRelease(mediaTypeIn);
return hr;
书写框架
int hr = 0;
IMFSample sample = null;
IMFMediaBuffer buffer = null;
IMF2DBuffer p2Dbuffer = null;
object texNativeObject = Marshal.GetObjectForIUnknown(surface.NativePointer);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)MFExtern.MFCreateDXGISurfaceBuffer(new Guid("6f15aaf2-d208-4e89-9ab4-489535d34f9c"), texNativeObject, 0, false, out p2Dbuffer);
buffer = MFVideoEncoderST.ReinterpretCast<IMF2DBuffer,IMFMediaBuffer>(p2Dbuffer);
int length=0;
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)p2Dbuffer.GetContiguousLength(out length);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)buffer.SetCurrentLength(length);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)MFExtern.MFCreateVideoSampleFromSurface(null, out sample);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)sample.AddBuffer(buffer);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)sample.SetSampleTime(prevRecordingDuration);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)sample.SetSampleDuration((recordDuration - prevRecordingDuration));
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)sinkWriter.WriteSample(streamIndex, sample);
COMBase.SafeRelease(sample);
COMBase.SafeRelease(buffer);
使用 MFTRACE 我收到以下错误。
02:48:04.99463 CMFSinkWriterDetours::WriteSample @024BEA18 Stream Index 0x0, Sample @17CEACE0, Time 571ms, Duration 16ms, Buffers 1, Size 4196352B,2088,2008 02:48:04.99465 CMFSinkWriterDetours::WriteSample @024BEA18 failed hr=0x887A0005 (null)2088,2008
02:48:05.01090 CMFSinkWriterDetours::WriteSample @024BEA18 Stream Index 0x0, Sample @17CE9FC0, Time 587ms, Duration 17ms, Buffers 1, Size 4196352B,2088,2008 02:48:05.01091 CMFSinkWriterDetours::WriteSample @024BEA18 failed hr=0x887A0005 (null)2088,2008
02:48:05.02712 CMFSinkWriterDetours::WriteSample @024BEA18 Stream Index 0x0, Sample @17CEACE0, Time 604ms, Duration 16ms, Buffers 1, Size 4196352B,2088,2008 02:48:05.02713 CMFSinkWriterDetours::WriteSample @024BEA18 failed hr=0x887A0005 (null)
谁能告诉我我的代码有什么问题?我只能产生 0 字节的 mp4 文件。
【问题讨论】:
FYI0x887A0005
代表“GPU 设备实例已暂停。使用 GetDeviceRemovedReason 确定适当的操作。”您的代码似乎没有运行有效的硬件辅助编码会话,但我想说,真正的问题是您的帧纹理 - 它的属性和/或生命周期与编码器的要求不兼容。
【参考方案1】:
我在这里遇到了一些潜在的问题。 Roman提到了两个大的,所以我会详细说明。我还有其他一些批评/建议给你。
不使用IMFDXGIDeviceManager
为了在 Media Foundation 中使用硬件加速,您需要创建一个 DirectX 设备管理器对象,可以是用于 DX9 的 IDirect3DDeviceManager9
,或者在您的情况下是用于 DXGI 的 IMFDXGIDeviceManager
。我强烈建议阅读该接口的所有 MSDN 文档。这是必要的原因是因为必须在所有正在使用的协作硬件 MF 转换之间共享相同的 DX 设备,因为它们都需要访问设备控制的共享 GPU 内存,并且每个设备都需要在设备工作时独占控制设备,所以需要一个锁定系统。设备管理器对象提供了锁定系统,也是为一个或多个转换提供 DX 设备的标准方式。对于 DXGI,您可以使用 MFCreateDXGIDeviceManager
创建它。
从那里,您需要创建您的 DX11 设备,并使用您的 DX11 设备致电IMFDXGIDeviceManager::ResetDevice
。然后,您需要为 Sink Writer 本身设置设备管理器,这在您上面提供的代码中没有完成。这是这样完成的:
// ... inside your InitializeSinkWriter function that you listed above
// I'm assuming you've already created and set up the DXGI device manager elsewhere
IMFDXGIDeviceManager pDeviceManager;
// Passing 3 as the argument because we're adding 3 attributes immediately, saves re-allocations
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)MFExtern.MFCreateAttributes(out attributes, 3);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)attributes.SetUINT32(MFAttributesClsid.MF_READWRITE_ENABLE_HARDWARE_TRANSFORMS, 1);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)attributes.SetUINT32(MFAttributesClsid.MF_LOW_LATENCY, 1);
// Here's the key piece!
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)attributes.SetUnknown(MFAttributesClsid.MF_SINK_WRITER_D3D_MANAGER, pDeviceManager);
// Create the sink writer
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)MFExtern.MFCreateSinkWriterFromURL(outputFile, null, attributes, out sinkWriter);
这实际上将启用对硬件编码器的 D3D11 支持,并允许它访问读取您传入的 Texture2D
。值得注意的是,MF_SINK_WRITER_D3D_MANAGER
适用于 DX9 和 DXGI 设备管理器。
编码器缓冲同一纹理的多个 IMFSample
实例
这也是您的问题的潜在原因 - 至少它会导致许多意外行为,即使它不是明显问题的原因。根据 Roman 的评论,许多编码器将缓冲多个帧作为其编码过程的一部分。使用 Sink Writer 时您不会看到这种行为,因为它会为您处理所有细节工作。但是,您尝试完成的工作(即发送 D3D11 纹理作为输入帧)的级别非常低,以至于您开始不得不担心 Sink Writer 使用的编码器 MFT 的内部细节。
大多数视频编码器 MFT 将使用一定大小的内部缓冲区来存储通过 IMFTransform::ProcessInput
提供的最后 N 个样本。这具有在生成任何输出之前必须提供多个样本作为输入的副作用。视频编码器需要按顺序访问多个样本,因为它们使用后续帧来确定如何编码当前帧。换句话说,如果解码器正在处理第 0 帧,它可能还需要查看第 1、2 和 3 帧。从技术角度来看,这是因为 inter-frame prediction 和运动估计之类的东西。一旦编码器处理完最旧的样本,它就会生成一个输出缓冲区(另一个IMFSample
对象,但这次是通过IMFTransform::ProcessOutput
在输出端)然后丢弃它正在处理的输入样本(通过调用IUnknown::Release
) ,然后请求更多输入,并最终进入下一帧。您可以在 MSDN 文章 Processing Data in the Encoder
正如 Roman 所暗示的,这意味着您将 ID3D11Texture2D
封装在 IMFMediaBuffer
内 IMFSample
内,然后将其传递给 Sink Writer。作为编码过程的一部分,编码器可能会缓冲该样本。随着编码器的工作,Texture2D
的内容可能正在发生变化,这可能会导致各种问题。即使这不会导致程序错误,它肯定会导致非常奇怪的编码视频输出。想象一下,如果编码器试图预测一帧的视觉内容在下一帧中如何变化,然后两帧的实际视觉内容都从编码器下面更新出来!
之所以会出现这个特定问题,是因为编码器只有一个指向您的 IMFSample
实例的指针引用,它最终只是一个指向您的 ID3D11Texture2D
对象的指针,并且该对象是一种指向可变图形内存的指针引用.最终,由于程序的某些其他部分,该图形内存的内容正在发生变化,但由于它始终更新相同的 GPU 纹理,因此您发送编码器的每个样本都指向相同的单个纹理。这意味着每当您通过更改 GPU 内存更新纹理时,所有活动的 IMFSample
对象都会反映这些更改,因为它们都有效地指向同一个 GPU 纹理。
要解决此问题,您需要分配多个 ID3D11Texture2D
对象,以便在将纹理提供给 Sink Writer 时可以将一个纹理与一个 IMFSample
配对。这将通过使每个样本指向一个唯一的纹理来解决所有样本指向同一个 GPU 纹理的问题。但是,您不一定知道需要创建多少纹理,因此处理此问题的最安全方法是编写自己的纹理分配器。无论如何,这仍然可以在 C# 中完成,MediaFoundation.NET 定义了您需要使用的接口。
分配器应该维护一个“空闲”SharpDX.Texture2D
对象的列表——那些当前没有被接收器写入器/编码器使用的对象。您的程序应该能够从分配器请求新的纹理对象,在这种情况下,它会从空闲列表中返回一个对象,或者创建一个新的纹理来适应请求。
下一个问题是知道IMFSample
对象何时被编码器丢弃,以便您可以将附加的纹理添加回空闲列表。碰巧的是,您当前使用的MFCreateVideoSampleFromSurface
函数分配了实现IMFTrackedSample
接口的样本。您将需要该接口,以便在样本被释放时收到通知,以便您可以回收 Texture2D
对象。
诀窍是你必须告诉样本你是分配器。首先,您的分配器类需要实现IMFAsyncCallback
。如果您通过IMFTrackedSample::SetAllocator
在样本上设置分配器类,则将调用分配器的IMFAsyncCallback::Invoke
方法,并在编码器释放样本时将IMFAsyncResult
作为参数传递。这是分配器类的一般示例。
sealed class TextureAllocator : IMFAsyncCallback, IDisposable
private ConcurrentStack<SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D> m_freeStack;
private static readonly Guid s_IID_ID3D11Texture2D = new Guid("6f15aaf2-d208-4e89-9ab4-489535d34f9c");
// If all textures are the exact same size and color format,
// consider making those parameters private class members and
// requiring they be specified as arguments to the constructor.
public TextureAllocator()
m_freeStack = new ConcurrentStack<SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D>();
private bool disposedValue = false;
private void Dispose(bool disposing)
if(!disposedValue)
if(disposing)
// Dispose managed resources here
if(m_freeStack != null)
SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D texture;
while(m_freeStack.TryPop(out texture))
texture.Dispose();
m_freeStack = null;
disposedValue = true;
public void Dispose()
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
~TextureAllocator()
Dispose(false);
private SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D InternalAllocateNewTexture()
// Allocate a new texture with your format, size, etc here.
public SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D AllocateTexture()
SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D existingTexture;
if(m_freeStack.TryPop(out existingTexture))
return existingTexture;
else
return InternalAllocateNewTexture();
public IMFSample CreateSampleAndAllocateTexture()
IMFSample pSample;
IMFTrackedSample pTrackedSample;
HResult hr;
// Create the video sample. This function returns an IMFTrackedSample per MSDN
hr = MFExtern.MFCreateVideoSampleFromSurface(null, out pSample);
MFError.ThrowExceptionForHR(hr);
// Query the IMFSample to see if it implements IMFTrackedSample
pTrackedSample = pSample as IMFTrackedSample;
if(pTrackedSample == null)
// Throw an exception if we didn't get an IMFTrackedSample
// but this shouldn't happen in practice.
throw new InvalidCastException("MFCreateVideoSampleFromSurface returned a sample that did not implement IMFTrackedSample");
// Use our own class to allocate a texture
SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D availableTexture = AllocateTexture();
// Convert the texture's native ID3D11Texture2D pointer into
// an IUnknown (represented as as System.Object)
object texNativeObject = Marshal.GetObjectForIUnknown(availableTexture.NativePointer);
// Create the media buffer from the texture
IMFMediaBuffer p2DBuffer;
hr = MFExtern.MFCreateDXGISurfaceBuffer(s_IID_ID3D11Texture2D, texNativeObject, 0, false, out p2DBuffer);
// Release the object-as-IUnknown we created above
COMBase.SafeRelease(texNativeObject);
// If media buffer creation failed, throw an exception
MFError.ThrowExceptionForHR(hr);
// Set the owning instance of this class as the allocator
// for IMFTrackedSample to notify when the sample is released
pTrackedSample.SetAllocator(this, null);
// Attach the created buffer to the sample
pTrackedSample.AddBuffer(p2DBuffer);
return pTrackedSample;
// This is public so any textures you allocate but don't make IMFSamples
// out of can be returned to the allocator manually.
public void ReturnFreeTexture(SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D freeTexture)
m_freeStack.Push(freeTexture);
// IMFAsyncCallback.GetParameters
// This is allowed to return E_NOTIMPL as a way of specifying
// there are no special parameters.
public HResult GetParameters(out MFAsync pdwFlags, out MFAsyncCallbackQueue pdwQueue)
pdwFlags = MFAsync.None;
pdwQueue = MFAsyncCallbackQueue.Standard;
return HResult.E_NOTIMPL;
public HResult Invoke(IMFAsyncResult pResult)
object pUnkObject;
IMFSample pSample = null;
IMFMediaBuffer pBuffer = null;
IMFDXGIBuffer pDXGIBuffer = null;
// Get the IUnknown out of the IMFAsyncResult if there is one
HResult hr = pResult.GetObject(out pUnkObject);
if(Succeeded(hr))
pSample = pUnkObject as IMFSample;
if(pSample != null)
// Based on your implementation, there should only be one
// buffer attached to one sample, so we can always grab the
// first buffer. You could add some error checking here to make
// sure the sample has a buffer count that is 1.
hr = pSample.GetBufferByIndex(0, out pBuffer);
if(Succeeded(hr))
// Query the IMFMediaBuffer to see if it implements IMFDXGIBuffer
pDXGIBuffer = pBuffer as IMFDXGIBuffer;
if(pDXGIBuffer != null)
// Got an IMFDXGIBuffer, so we can extract the internal
// ID3D11Texture2D and make a new SharpDX.Texture2D wrapper.
hr = pDXGIBuffer.GetResource(s_IID_ID3D11Texture2D, out pUnkObject);
if(Succeeded(hr))
// If we got here, pUnkObject is the native D3D11 Texture2D as
// a System.Object, but it's unlikely you have an interface
// definition for ID3D11Texture2D handy, so we can't just cast
// the object to the proper interface.
// Happily, SharpDX supports wrapping System.Object within
// SharpDX.ComObject which makes things pretty easy.
SharpDX.ComObject comWrapper = new SharpDX.ComObject(pUnkObject);
// If this doesn't work, or you're using something like SlimDX
// which doesn't support object wrapping the same way, the below
// code is an alternative way.
/*
IntPtr pD3DTexture2D = Marshal.GetIUnknownForObject(pUnkObject);
// Create your wrapper object here, like this for SharpDX
SharpDX.ComObject comWrapper = new SharpDX.ComObject(pD3DTexture2D);
// or like this for SlimDX
SlimDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D.FromPointer(pD3DTexture2D);
Marshal.Release(pD3DTexture2D);
*/
// You might need to query comWrapper for a SharpDX.DXGI.Resource
// first, then query that for the SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D.
SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D texture = comWrapper.QueryInterface<SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D>();
if(texture != null)
// Now you can add "texture" back to the allocator's free list
ReturnFreeTexture(texture);
在 Sink Writer 输入媒体类型上设置 MF_SA_D3D_AWARE
我不认为这会导致你得到不好的HRESULT
,但无论如何这都不是正确的做法。 MF_SA_D3D_AWARE
(和它的 DX11 对应物,MF_SA_D3D11_AWARE
)是由 IMFTransform
对象设置的属性,用于通知您转换支持分别通过 DX9 或 DX11 进行图形加速。无需在 Sink Writer 的输入媒体类型上设置此项。
texNativeObject
上没有 SafeRelease
我建议在texNativeObject
上调用COMBase.SafeRelease()
,否则您可能会泄漏内存。否则,您将不必要地延长该 COM 对象的生命周期,直到 GC 为您清理引用计数
不必要的转换
这是您上面代码的一部分:
buffer = MFVideoEncoderST.ReinterpretCast<IMF2DBuffer,IMFMediaBuffer>(p2Dbuffer);
int length=0;
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)p2Dbuffer.GetContiguousLength(out length);
if (Succeeded(hr)) hr = (int)buffer.SetCurrentLength(length);
我不确定您的 ReinterpretCast
函数在做什么,但如果您确实需要在 C# 中执行 QueryInterface
样式转换,您可以使用 as
运算符或普通演员。
// pMediaBuffer is of type IMFMediaBuffer and has been created elsewhere
IMF2DBuffer p2DBuffer = pMediaBuffer as IMF2DBuffer;
if(p2DBuffer != null)
// pMediaBuffer is an IMFMediaBuffer that also implements IMF2DBuffer
else
// pMediaBuffer does not implement IMF2DBuffer
【讨论】:
感谢您非常详细的解释。在更改了我的代码并添加了 dxgidevice 之后,我现在可以生成一个输出,但是有一个小问题,我知道解决方案在你的帖子中。问题是我不知道如何实现它。我阅读了 MSDN 上的文档,但他们没有提供用 c# 编写的代码。不幸的是,我不是 c++ 专家。我无法获得 IMFAsyncCallback 的工作。你也对,编码器在处理输出之前需要更多输入,我通过为每个样本创建新的 texture2d 实例来验证这一点。 我将添加一个小例子来更好地解释分配器模型。 谢谢@ozeanix。我正在使用 SharpDX 和 MediaFoundation.NET 用示例更新了我的帖子。并非每个细节都已填写,但应该足以让您入门。 IMFTrackedSample 不包含定义“AddBuffer”。我应该将缓冲区附加到 IMFSample 而不是 IMFTrackedSample?并返回 IMFSample 而不是 IMFTrackedSample?这是 CreateSampleAndAllocateTexture 中的错误。【参考方案2】:第一个问题:IMFDXGIDeviceManager::ResetDevice
总是失败。
在我之前回答的 cmets 中与 @kripto 合作后,我们诊断出许多其他问题。最大的问题是设置IMFDXGIDeviceManager
以使硬件H.264 编码器MFT 能够接受包含在IMFDXGIBuffer
中的Direct3D11 Texture2D
样本。代码中有一个很难注意到的错误:
// pDevice is a SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D instance
// pDevice.NativePointer is an IntPtr that refers to the native IDirect3D11Device
// being wrapped by SharpDX.
IMFDXGIDeviceManager pDeviceManager;
object d3dDevice = Marshal.GetIUnknownForObject(pDevice.NativePointer);
HResult hr = MFExtern.MFCreateDXGIDeviceManager(out resetToken, out pDeviceManager);
if(Succeeded(hr))
// The signature of this is:
// HResult ResetDevice(object d3d11device, int resetToken);
hr = pDeviceManager.ResetDevice(d3dDevice, resetToken);
这是上面代码中发生的事情。设备管理器已创建,但为了让编码器 MFT 访问Texture2D
样本,它需要创建纹理的同一 Direct3D 设备的副本。因此,您必须在设备管理器上调用IMFDXGIDeviceManager::ResetDevice
才能为其提供 Direct3D 设备。有关ResetDevice
的一些重要脚注,请参阅 [1]。 SharpDX 仅提供对指向本机IDirect3D11Device
的IntPtr
的访问,但MediaFoundation.NET 接口需要传入object
。
看到错误了吗?上面的代码类型检查和编译都很好,但包含一个严重错误。错误是使用Marshal.GetIUnknownForObject
而不是Marshal.GetObjectForIUnknown
。有趣的是,因为object
可以很好地装箱IntPtr
,所以您可以使用完全相反的编组功能,它仍然可以正常编译。问题是我们正在尝试将IntPtr
转换为object
内的.NET RCW,这正是MediaFoundation.NET 中的ResetDevice
所期望的。此错误导致 ResetDevice
返回 E_INVALIDARG
而不是正常工作。
第二题:奇怪的编码器输出
第二个问题是英特尔快速同步视频 H.264 编码器 MFT 并不是特别满意,虽然它被正确创建,但在结果文件的开头也有一两秒的黑色输出前几秒的阻塞和运动错误,有时一半的视频是灰色的,并且没有显示实际复制的桌面图像。
我想确保将实际的 Texture2D
对象正确发送到编码器,因此我编写了一个简单的类来将 Direct3D 11 Texture2D
转储到 .png
文件。我已经在这里为需要它的任何其他人提供了它 - 这需要 SharpDX 和 MediaFoundation.NET 才能工作,尽管您可以通过在循环中使用 CopyMemory
来消除 MF 依赖关系以考虑不同的步幅。请注意,这仅设置为使用 DXGI.Format.B8G8R8A8_UNorm
格式的纹理。它可能适用于其他格式的纹理,但输出看起来很奇怪。
using System;
using System.Drawing;
namespace ScreenCapture
class Texture2DDownload : IDisposable
private SharpDX.Direct3D11.Device m_pDevice;
private SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D m_pDebugTexture;
public Texture2DDownload(SharpDX.Direct3D11.Device pDevice)
m_pDevice = pDevice;
/// <summary>
/// Compare all the relevant properties of the texture descriptions for both input textures.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="texSource">The source texture</param>
/// <param name="texDest">The destination texture that will have the source data copied into it</param>
/// <returns>true if the source texture can be copied to the destination, false if their descriptions are incompatible</returns>
public static bool TextureCanBeCopied(SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D texSource, SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D texDest)
if(texSource.Description.ArraySize != texDest.Description.ArraySize)
return false;
if(texSource.Description.Format != texDest.Description.Format)
return false;
if(texSource.Description.Height != texDest.Description.Height)
return false;
if(texSource.Description.MipLevels != texDest.Description.MipLevels)
return false;
if(texSource.Description.SampleDescription.Count != texDest.Description.SampleDescription.Count)
return false;
if(texSource.Description.SampleDescription.Quality != texDest.Description.SampleDescription.Quality)
return false;
if(texSource.Description.Width != texDest.Description.Width)
return false;
return true;
/// <summary>
/// Saves the contents of a <see cref="SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D"/> to a file with name contained in <paramref name="filename"/> using the specified <see cref="System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat"/>.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="texture">The <see cref="SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D"/> containing the data to save.</param>
/// <param name="filename">The filename on disk where the output image should be saved.</param>
/// <param name="imageFormat">The format to use when saving the output file.</param>
public void SaveTextureToFile(SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D texture, string filename, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat imageFormat)
// If the existing debug texture doesn't exist, or the incoming texture is different than the existing debug texture...
if(m_pDebugTexture == null || !TextureCanBeCopied(m_pDebugTexture, texture))
// Dispose of any existing texture
if(m_pDebugTexture != null)
m_pDebugTexture.Dispose();
// Copy the original texture's description...
SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2DDescription newDescription = texture.Description;
// Then modify the parameters to create a CPU-readable staging texture
newDescription.BindFlags = SharpDX.Direct3D11.BindFlags.None;
newDescription.CpuAccessFlags = SharpDX.Direct3D11.CpuAccessFlags.Read;
newDescription.OptionFlags = SharpDX.Direct3D11.ResourceOptionFlags.None;
newDescription.Usage = SharpDX.Direct3D11.ResourceUsage.Staging;
// Re-generate the debug texture by copying the new texture's description
m_pDebugTexture = new SharpDX.Direct3D11.Texture2D(m_pDevice, newDescription);
// Copy the texture to our debug texture
m_pDevice.ImmediateContext.CopyResource(texture, m_pDebugTexture);
// Map the debug texture's resource 0 for read mode
SharpDX.DataStream data;
SharpDX.DataBox dbox = m_pDevice.ImmediateContext.MapSubresource(m_pDebugTexture, 0, 0, SharpDX.Direct3D11.MapMode.Read, SharpDX.Direct3D11.MapFlags.None, out data);
// Create a bitmap that's the same size as the debug texture
Bitmap b = new Bitmap(m_pDebugTexture.Description.Width, m_pDebugTexture.Description.Height, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppRgb);
// Lock the bitmap data to get access to the native bitmap pointer
System.Drawing.Imaging.BitmapData bd = b.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, b.Width, b.Height), System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageLockMode.WriteOnly, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppRgb);
// Use the native pointers to do a native-to-native memory copy from the mapped subresource to the bitmap data
// WARNING: This might totally blow up if you're using a different color format than B8G8R8A8_UNorm, I don't know how planar formats are structured as D3D textures!
//
// You can use Win32 CopyMemory to do the below copy if need be, but you have to do it in a loop to respect the Stride and RowPitch parameters in case the texture width
// isn't on an aligned byte boundary.
MediaFoundation.MFExtern.MFCopyImage(bd.Scan0, bd.Stride, dbox.DataPointer, dbox.RowPitch, bd.Width * 4, bd.Height);
/// Unlock the bitmap
b.UnlockBits(bd);
// Unmap the subresource mapping, ignore the SharpDX.DataStream because we don't need it.
m_pDevice.ImmediateContext.UnmapSubresource(m_pDebugTexture, 0);
data = null;
// Save the bitmap to the desired filename
b.Save(filename, imageFormat);
b.Dispose();
b = null;
#region IDisposable Support
private bool disposedValue = false; // To detect redundant calls
protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
if(!disposedValue)
if(disposing)
if(m_pDebugTexture != null)
m_pDebugTexture.Dispose();
disposedValue = true;
// TODO: override a finalizer only if Dispose(bool disposing) above has code to free unmanaged resources.
~Texture2DDownload()
// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in Dispose(bool disposing) above.
Dispose(false);
// This code added to correctly implement the disposable pattern.
public void Dispose()
// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in Dispose(bool disposing) above.
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
#endregion
一旦我确认我在进入编码器的途中有好的图像,我发现代码在调用IMFSinkWriter::BeginWriting
之后没有调用IMFSinkWriter::SendStreamTick
,而是在发送第一个IMFSample
之前。初始样本也有一个非零的时间增量,这导致了初始黑色输出。为了解决这个问题,我添加了以下代码:
// Existing code to set the sample time and duration
// recordDuration is the current frame time in 100-nanosecond units
// prevRecordingDuration is the frame time of the last frame in
// 100-nanosecond units
sample.SetSampleTime(recordDuration);
sample.SetSampleDuration(recordDuration - prevRecordingDuration);
// The fix is here:
if(frames == 0)
sinkWriter.SendStreamTick(streamIndex, recordDuration);
sample.SetUINT32(MFAttributesClsid.MFSampleExtension_Discontinuity, 1);
sinkWriter.WriteSample(streamIndex, sample);
frames++;
通过向接收器写入器发送流滴答,它确定recordDuration
中的任何值现在都被视为输出视频流的时间 = 0 点。换句话说,一旦你调用SetStreamTick
并传入一个帧时间戳,所有后续时间戳都会从它们中减去初始时间戳。这就是让第一个示例帧立即显示在输出文件中的方法。
此外,每当调用SendStreamTick
时,直接提供给接收器编写器的样本必须在其属性上将MFSampleExtension_Discontinuity
设置为1
。这意味着正在发送的样本中存在间隙,并且传递给编码器的帧是该间隙之后的第一帧。这或多或少地告诉编码器从样本中制作一个关键帧,这可以防止我之前看到的运动和阻塞效果。
结果
实施这些修复后,我测试了该应用程序并以 1920x1080 分辨率和每秒 60 帧的输出实现了全屏捕获。比特率设置为 4096 kbit。对于大多数工作负载,英特尔 i7-4510U 笔记本电脑 CPU 的 CPU 使用率介于 2.5% 和 7% 之间 - 极端运动量会使其高达 10% 左右。通过 SysInternals 的 Process Explorer 获得的 GPU 利用率在 1% 到 2% 之间。
[1] 我相信其中一些是 Direct3D 9 的遗留物,当时 DirectX API 中没有很好地内置多线程支持,并且每当任何组件(即解码器、渲染器)使用它时,设备都必须被独占锁定,编码器)。使用 D3D 9,您调用
ResetDevice
,但之后再也无法使用您自己的指向设备的指针。相反,即使在您自己的代码中,您也必须调用LockDevice
和UnlockDevice
来获取设备指针,因为MFT 可能在同一时刻使用该设备。在 Direct3D 11 中,在 MFT 和控制应用程序中同时使用同一设备似乎没有问题 - 尽管如果发生任何随机崩溃,我建议阅读大量关于 IMFDXGIDeviceManager::LockDevice
和 UnlockDevice
如何工作和实施以确保设备始终受到独占控制。
【讨论】:
我们可以在哪里联系您? @kripto 我的电子邮件是最好的方式,ozeanix@protonmail.com,谢谢! 向您发送了一封电子邮件。谢谢。如果你在,请告诉我。 嗨@ozeanix,很抱歉再次打扰您,但我遇到了 d3ddevice 的问题。在全屏模式下运行应用程序时,我得到设备丢失。所以我重新初始化了duplicatedesktop 和d3ddevice,但我的录制没有继续。如果你还记得我们使用 MFCreateDXGIDeviceManager 并传递 d3ddevice。 d3ddevice重新初始化后是否可以继续录制?以上是关于MF SinkWriter 写入样本失败的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
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