升级到 Android 8.1 后 startForeground 失败

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【中文标题】升级到 Android 8.1 后 startForeground 失败【英文标题】:startForeground fail after upgrade to Android 8.1 【发布时间】:2018-05-11 22:04:52 【问题描述】:

将手机升级到 8.1 Developer Preview 后,我的后台服务无法正常启动。

在我长期运行的服务中,我实现了一个 startForeground 方法来启动在创建时调用的持续通知。

@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
private fun startForeground() 
    // Safe call, handled by compat lib.
    val notificationBuilder = NotificationCompat.Builder(this, DEFAULT_CHANNEL_ID)

    val notification = notificationBuilder.setOngoing(true)
            .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher_foreground)
            .build()
    startForeground(101, notification)

错误信息:

11-28 11:47:53.349 24704-24704/$PACKAGE_NAMEE/androidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: $PACKAGE_NAME, PID: 24704
    android.app.RemoteServiceException: Bad notification for startForeground: java.lang.RuntimeException: invalid channel for service notification: Notification(channel=My channel pri=0 contentView=null vibrate=null sound=null defaults=0x0 flags=0x42 color=0x00000000 vis=PRIVATE)
        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1768)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:164)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6494)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:438)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:807)

invalid channel for service notification,显然我的旧频道DEFAULT_CHANNEL_ID 不再适合我认为的 API 27。什么是合适的渠道?我试图查看文档

【问题讨论】:

This answer 是我的解决方案。 【参考方案1】:

在对不同的解决方案进行了一段时间的修补后,我发现必须在 Android 8.1 及更高版本中创建通知通道。

private fun startForeground() 
    val channelId =
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) 
                createNotificationChannel("my_service", "My Background Service")
             else 
                // If earlier version channel ID is not used
                // https://developer.android.com/reference/android/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat.Builder.html#NotificationCompat.Builder(android.content.Context)
                ""
            

    val notificationBuilder = NotificationCompat.Builder(this, channelId )
    val notification = notificationBuilder.setOngoing(true)
            .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
            .setPriority(PRIORITY_MIN)
            .setCategory(Notification.CATEGORY_SERVICE)
            .build()
    startForeground(101, notification)


@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
private fun createNotificationChannel(channelId: String, channelName: String): String
    val chan = NotificationChannel(channelId,
            channelName, NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_NONE)
    chan.lightColor = Color.BLUE
    chan.lockscreenVisibility = Notification.VISIBILITY_PRIVATE
    val service = getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager
    service.createNotificationChannel(chan)
    return channelId

据我了解,后台服务现在显示为普通通知,然后用户可以通过取消选择通知渠道来选择不显示。

更新: 另外别忘了根据需要添加Android P的前台权限:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />

【讨论】:

在 JobIntentService 的情况下我们是否需要进行这些更改?还是内部处理? 为什么不用IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT 而不是IMPORTANCE_NONE @user924 Kotlin 实际上是比 Swift 更新的语言。 Kotlin 并没有取代 Java,它只是用于 Android 开发的 Java 的替代品。如果你尝试一下,你会发现它的语法实际上与 Swift 非常相似。我个人认为它比 Java 好,尽管 Tiobe 指数是这么说的(该指数有一点不回应的偏见)。它修复了 Java 的许多问题,包括可怕的 NullPointerException、冗长和其他一些问题。根据最新的 Google I/O,使用 Kotlin for Android 的开发者中有 95% 对此感到满意。 这应该从你的服务的 onCreate() 调用 @Rawa 好吧,即使我不确定您在应用程序中使用前台服务做什么,因为文档不会说谎。它明确指出,如果您尝试在未经清单中的许可的情况下创建前台服务,您将收到 SecurityException。【参考方案2】:

Java 解决方案(Android 9.0,API 28)

在您的 Service 类中,添加以下内容:

@Override
public void onCreate()
    super.onCreate();
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
        startMyOwnForeground();
    else
        startForeground(1, new Notification());


private void startMyOwnForeground()
    String NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID = "com.example.simpleapp";
    String channelName = "My Background Service";
    NotificationChannel chan = new NotificationChannel(NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID, channelName, NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_NONE);
    chan.setLightColor(Color.BLUE);
    chan.setLockscreenVisibility(Notification.VISIBILITY_PRIVATE);
    NotificationManager manager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
    assert manager != null;
    manager.createNotificationChannel(chan);

    NotificationCompat.Builder notificationBuilder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this, NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID);
    Notification notification = notificationBuilder.setOngoing(true)
            .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.icon_1)
            .setContentTitle("App is running in background")
            .setPriority(NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_MIN)
            .setCategory(Notification.CATEGORY_SERVICE)
            .build();
    startForeground(2, notification);

更新:ANDROID 9.0 PIE (API 28)

将此权限添加到您的AndroidManifest.xml 文件中:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />

【讨论】:

是否有理由在两个 startForeground( ) 调用中使用唯一 ID?由于相同的通知,它们在这里不能相同吗? @CopsOnRoad 所以O不需要通知渠道? @Shruti 您需要添加权限以及 Android 9.0 的代码。两者都需要。 @CopsOnRoad 这是异常'致命异常:android.app.RemoteServiceException:Context.startForegroundService() 没有调用 Service.startForeground()' 是否可以避免在服务运行时显示通知?【参考方案3】:

第一个答案只适合懂kotlin的人,对于还在用java的人我这里翻译一下第一个答案

 public Notification getNotification() 
        String channel;
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
            channel = createChannel();
        else 
            channel = "";
        
        NotificationCompat.Builder mBuilder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this, channel).setSmallIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_mylocation).setContentTitle("snap map fake location");
        Notification notification = mBuilder
                .setPriority(PRIORITY_LOW)
                .setCategory(Notification.CATEGORY_SERVICE)
                .build();


        return notification;
    

    @NonNull
    @TargetApi(26)
    private synchronized String createChannel() 
        NotificationManager mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) this.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);

        String name = "snap map fake location ";
        int importance = NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_LOW;

        NotificationChannel mChannel = new NotificationChannel("snap map channel", name, importance);

        mChannel.enableLights(true);
        mChannel.setLightColor(Color.BLUE);
        if (mNotificationManager != null) 
            mNotificationManager.createNotificationChannel(mChannel);
         else 
            stopSelf();
        
        return "snap map channel";
     

对于android,P不要忘记包含这个权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />

【讨论】:

感谢您将代码翻译成 Java。对 Java 项目有很大帮助! 非常感谢。此代码适用于 android 8.1。但不适用于 android 11。有任何更新吗?请.....【参考方案4】:

在 Andorid 8.1 上正常工作:

更新示例(没有任何不推荐使用的代码):

public NotificationBattery(Context context) 
    this.mCtx = context;

    mBuilder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context, CHANNEL_ID)
            .setContentTitle(context.getString(R.string.notification_title_battery))
            .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
            .setVisibility(NotificationCompat.VISIBILITY_PUBLIC)
            .setChannelId(CHANNEL_ID)
            .setOnlyAlertOnce(true)
            .setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_MAX)
            .setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis() + 500)
            .setGroup(GROUP)
            .setOngoing(true);

    mRemoteViews = new RemoteViews(context.getPackageName(), R.layout.notification_view_battery);

    initBatteryNotificationIntent();

    mBuilder.setContent(mRemoteViews);

    mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);

    if (AesPrefs.getBooleanRes(R.string.SHOW_BATTERY_NOTIFICATION, true)) 
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) 
            NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel(CHANNEL_ID, context.getString(R.string.notification_title_battery),
                    NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT);
            channel.setShowBadge(false);
            channel.setSound(null, null);
            mNotificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
        
     else 
        mNotificationManager.cancel(Const.NOTIFICATION_CLIPBOARD);
    

旧截图(这是一个不同的应用程序 - 与上面的代码相关):

@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, final int startId) 
    Log.d(TAG, "onStartCommand");

    String CHANNEL_ONE_ID = "com.kjtech.app.N1";
    String CHANNEL_ONE_NAME = "Channel One";
    NotificationChannel notificationChannel = null;
    if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.O) 
        notificationChannel = new NotificationChannel(CHANNEL_ONE_ID,
                CHANNEL_ONE_NAME, IMPORTANCE_HIGH);
        notificationChannel.enableLights(true);
        notificationChannel.setLightColor(Color.RED);
        notificationChannel.setShowBadge(true);
        notificationChannel.setLockscreenVisibility(Notification.VISIBILITY_PUBLIC);
        NotificationManager manager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        manager.createNotificationChannel(notificationChannel);
    

    Bitmap icon = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
    Notification notification = new Notification.Builder(getApplicationContext())
            .setChannelId(CHANNEL_ONE_ID)
            .setContentTitle(getString(R.string.obd_service_notification_title))
            .setContentText(getString(R.string.service_notification_content))
            .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
            .setLargeIcon(icon)
            .build();

    Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MainActivity.class);
    notificationIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP);
    notification.contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(getApplicationContext(), 0, notificationIntent, 0);

    startForeground(START_FOREGROUND_ID, notification);

    return START_STICKY;

【讨论】:

以上部分代码现已弃用,您可以通过将Notification.Builder(getApplicationContext()).setChannelId(CHANNEL_ONE_ID)... 更改为Notification.Builder(getApplicationContext(), CHANNEL_ONE_ID)... 来解决此问题 @ban-geoengineering 你是绝对正确的......我添加了新的示例代码。谢谢。 为什么PRIORITY_MAX什么更好用?【参考方案5】:

在我的情况下,这是因为我们试图在未指定 NotificationChannel 的情况下发布通知:

public static final String NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID_SERVICE = "com.mypackage.service";
public static final String NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID_TASK = "com.mypackage.download_info";

public void initChannel()
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) 
        NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        nm.createNotificationChannel(new NotificationChannel(NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID_SERVICE, "App Service", NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT));
        nm.createNotificationChannel(new NotificationChannel(NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID_INFO, "Download Info", NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT));
    

上述代码最好放在Application类的onCreate()方法中,这样我们只需声明一次即可:

public class App extends Application 

    @Override
    public void onCreate() 
        super.onCreate();
        initChannel();
    

设置完成后,我们可以使用刚刚指定的channelId 通知:

Intent i = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
i.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP);
PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, i, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this, NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID_INFO);
            .setContentIntent(pi)
            .setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())
            .setContentTitle("VirtualBox.exe")
            .setContentText("Download completed")
            .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);

然后,我们可以使用它来发布通知:

int notifId = 45;
NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
nm.notify(notifId, builder.build());

如果你想将其用作前台服务的通知:

startForeground(notifId, builder.build());

【讨论】:

常量 NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID_TASK(第 2 行)应该是 NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID_INFO 吗? @Timores,没有。你可以用你自己的常量替换它。【参考方案6】:

感谢@CopsOnRoad,他的解决方案帮了大忙,但仅适用于 SDK 26岁及以上。我的应用面向 24 岁及以上。

为了防止 Android Studio 抱怨,您需要直接在通知周围添加一个条件。知道代码在以 VERSION_CODE.O 为条件的方法中是不够聪明的。

@Override
public void onCreate()
    super.onCreate();
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
        startMyOwnForeground();
    else
        startForeground(1, new Notification());


private void startMyOwnForeground()

    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O)

        String NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID = "com.example.simpleapp";
        String channelName = "My Background Service";
        NotificationChannel chan = new NotificationChannel(NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID, channelName, NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_NONE);
        chan.setLightColor(Color.BLUE);
        chan.setLockscreenVisibility(Notification.VISIBILITY_PRIVATE);
        NotificationManager manager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        assert manager != null;
        manager.createNotificationChannel(chan);

        NotificationCompat.Builder notificationBuilder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this, NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID);
        Notification notification = notificationBuilder.setOngoing(true)
                .setSmallIcon(AppSpecific.SMALL_ICON)
                .setContentTitle("App is running in background")
                .setPriority(NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_MIN)
                .setCategory(Notification.CATEGORY_SERVICE)
                .build();
        startForeground(2, notification);
    

【讨论】:

能否请您澄清一下您在此代码中所做的更改,我没听懂。 版本 8.0 和 Android Pie 完美运行。但是为什么我们只需要 8.1 版本的通知通道呢?【参考方案7】:

这对我有用。在我的服务类中,我为 android 8.1 创建了通知通道,如下所示:

public class Service extends Service 

    public static final String NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID_SERVICE = "com.package.MyService";
    public static final String NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID_INFO = "com.package.download_info";

    @Override
    public void onCreate() 

        super.onCreate();
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) 
            NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
            nm.createNotificationChannel(new NotificationChannel(NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID_SERVICE, "App Service", NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT));
            nm.createNotificationChannel(new NotificationChannel(NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID_INFO, "Download Info", NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT));
         else 
            Notification notification = new Notification();
            startForeground(1, notification);
        
    

注意:创建要为Build.VERSION.SDK_INT &gt;= Build.VERSION_CODES.O 创建通知的频道

【讨论】:

【参考方案8】:

替代答案:如果它是华为设备并且您已经实现了 Oreo 8 Android 所需的要求,并且仍然存在仅与华为设备有关的问题而不是唯一的设备问题,您可以阅读https://dontkillmyapp.com/huawei

【讨论】:

【参考方案9】:

我遇到了同样的问题。当我对两个应用程序使用相同的频道 ID 和通知 ID 时,就会出现问题。因此,请尝试使用唯一的通知 ID 和频道 ID。

【讨论】:

【参考方案10】:

这是我的解决方案

private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID = 200;
private static final String CHANNEL_ID = "myChannel";
private static final String CHANNEL_NAME = "myChannelName";

private void startForeground() 

    final NotificationCompat.Builder mBuilder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(
            getApplicationContext(), CHANNEL_ID);

    Notification notification;



        notification = mBuilder.setTicker(getString(R.string.app_name)).setWhen(0)
                .setOngoing(true)
                .setContentTitle(getString(R.string.app_name))
                .setContentText("Send SMS gateway is running background")
                .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
                .setShowWhen(true)
                .build();

        NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getApplication().getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);

        //All notifications should go through NotificationChannel on Android 26 & above
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) 
            NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel(CHANNEL_ID,
                    CHANNEL_NAME,
                    NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT);
            notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel);

        
        notificationManager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, notification);

    

希望它会有所帮助:)

【讨论】:

请花一些时间解释您的解决方案的基本原理。

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