从 Plotly 色标访问颜色

Posted 2023-02-18

【中文标题】从 Plotly 色标访问颜色

【英文标题】：Access Color from Plotly Color Scale

【发布时间】：2020-10-23 20:41:39

【问题描述】：

Plotly 中有没有一种方法可以访问其范围内任何值的颜色图颜色？

我知道我可以从

访问色阶的定义颜色

plotly.colors.PLOTLY_SCALES["Viridis"]

但我无法找到如何访问中间值/插值。

Matplotlib 中的等效项显示为in this question。还有another question 解决了来自colorlover 库的类似问题，但都没有提供很好的解决方案。

【参考方案1】：

官方参考解释。 Here

import plotly.express as px

print(px.colors.sequential.Viridis)
['#440154', '#482878', '#3e4989', '#31688e', '#26828e', '#1f9e89', '#35b779', '#6ece58', '#b5de2b', '#fde725']

print(px.colors.sequential.Viridis[0])
#440154

【讨论】：

正如我在原始帖子中所说，我知道如何访问各个颜色。我正在寻找的是 plotly 是否允许访问连续色标上的任意点（如果上面的颜色在两个之间插值）。

【参考方案2】：

Plotly好像没有这样的方法，所以写了一个：

import plotly.colors

def get_continuous_color(colorscale, intermed):
    """
    Plotly continuous colorscales assign colors to the range [0, 1]. This function computes the intermediate
    color for any value in that range.

    Plotly doesn't make the colorscales directly accessible in a common format.
    Some are ready to use:
    
        colorscale = plotly.colors.PLOTLY_SCALES["Greens"]

    Others are just swatches that need to be constructed into a colorscale:

        viridis_colors, scale = plotly.colors.convert_colors_to_same_type(plotly.colors.sequential.Viridis)
        colorscale = plotly.colors.make_colorscale(viridis_colors, scale=scale)

    :param colorscale: A plotly continuous colorscale defined with RGB string colors.
    :param intermed: value in the range [0, 1]
    :return: color in rgb string format
    :rtype: str
    """
    if len(colorscale) < 1:
        raise ValueError("colorscale must have at least one color")

    if intermed <= 0 or len(colorscale) == 1:
        return colorscale[0][1]
    if intermed >= 1:
        return colorscale[-1][1]

    for cutoff, color in colorscale:
        if intermed > cutoff:
            low_cutoff, low_color = cutoff, color
        else:
            high_cutoff, high_color = cutoff, color
            break

    # noinspection PyUnboundLocalVariable
    return plotly.colors.find_intermediate_color(
        lowcolor=low_color, highcolor=high_color,
        intermed=((intermed - low_cutoff) / (high_cutoff - low_cutoff)),
        colortype="rgb")

挑战在于内置的 Plotly 色标并非始终如一地暴露。有些已经定义为色阶，而另一些则只是必须首先转换为色阶的色板列表。

Viridis 色阶是用十六进制值定义的，Plotly 颜色操作方法不喜欢这种值，因此最简单的方法是从这样的色板构造它：

viridis_colors, _ = plotly.colors.convert_colors_to_same_type(plotly.colors.sequential.Viridis)
colorscale = plotly.colors.make_colorscale(viridis_colors)

get_continuous_color(colorscale, intermed=0.25)
# rgb(58.75, 80.75, 138.25)

【参考方案3】：

这个答案扩展了亚当提供的已经很好的答案。特别是，它处理 Plotly 色标的不一致问题。

在 Plotly 中，您可以通过编写 colorscale="name_of_the_colorscale" 来指定内置色标。这表明 Plotly 已经有一个内置工具，可以以某种方式将色标转换为适当的值，并且能够处理这些不一致。通过搜索 Plotly 的源代码，我们找到了有用的 ColorscaleValidator 类。让我们看看如何使用它：

def get_color(colorscale_name, loc):
    from _plotly_utils.basevalidators import ColorscaleValidator
    # first parameter: Name of the property being validated
    # second parameter: a string, doesn't really matter in our use case
    cv = ColorscaleValidator("colorscale", "")
    # colorscale will be a list of lists: [[loc1, "rgb1"], [loc2, "rgb2"], ...] 
    colorscale = cv.validate_coerce(colorscale_name)
    
    if hasattr(loc, "__iter__"):
        return [get_continuous_color(colorscale, x) for x in loc]
    return get_continuous_color(colorscale, loc)
        

# Identical to Adam's answer
import plotly.colors
from PIL import ImageColor

def get_continuous_color(colorscale, intermed):
    """
    Plotly continuous colorscales assign colors to the range [0, 1]. This function computes the intermediate
    color for any value in that range.

    Plotly doesn't make the colorscales directly accessible in a common format.
    Some are ready to use:
    
        colorscale = plotly.colors.PLOTLY_SCALES["Greens"]

    Others are just swatches that need to be constructed into a colorscale:

        viridis_colors, scale = plotly.colors.convert_colors_to_same_type(plotly.colors.sequential.Viridis)
        colorscale = plotly.colors.make_colorscale(viridis_colors, scale=scale)

    :param colorscale: A plotly continuous colorscale defined with RGB string colors.
    :param intermed: value in the range [0, 1]
    :return: color in rgb string format
    :rtype: str
    """
    if len(colorscale) < 1:
        raise ValueError("colorscale must have at least one color")

    hex_to_rgb = lambda c: "rgb" + str(ImageColor.getcolor(c, "RGB"))

    if intermed <= 0 or len(colorscale) == 1:
        c = colorscale[0][1]
        return c if c[0] != "#" else hex_to_rgb(c)
    if intermed >= 1:
        c = colorscale[-1][1]
        return c if c[0] != "#" else hex_to_rgb(c)

    for cutoff, color in colorscale:
        if intermed > cutoff:
            low_cutoff, low_color = cutoff, color
        else:
            high_cutoff, high_color = cutoff, color
            break

    if (low_color[0] == "#") or (high_color[0] == "#"):
        # some color scale names (such as cividis) returns:
        # [[loc1, "hex1"], [loc2, "hex2"], ...]
        low_color = hex_to_rgb(low_color)
        high_color = hex_to_rgb(high_color)

    return plotly.colors.find_intermediate_color(
        lowcolor=low_color,
        highcolor=high_color,
        intermed=((intermed - low_cutoff) / (high_cutoff - low_cutoff)),
        colortype="rgb",
    )

此时，您所要做的就是：

get_color("phase", 0.5)
# 'rgb(123.99999999999999, 112.00000000000001, 236.0)'

import numpy as np
get_color("phase", np.linspace(0, 1, 256))
# ['rgb(167, 119, 12)',
#  'rgb(168.2941176470588, 118.0078431372549, 13.68235294117647)',
#  ...

编辑：处理特殊情况的改进。

【讨论】：

在哪里可以找到`_plotly_utils` 模块？

Plotly 自带！只需安装 plotly，_plotly_utils 将可用。

您对这种方法返回 Viridis、viridis、岩浆等色标的错误的原因有任何线索吗？

是的，一些色标返回十六进制格式的颜色。我刚刚更新了答案。请尝试一下并告诉我！