查询很慢,我可以做些啥来改进?
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【中文标题】查询很慢,我可以做些啥来改进?【英文标题】:Very slow query, what can I do to improve?查询很慢,我可以做些什么来改进? 【发布时间】:2020-07-22 17:20:49 【问题描述】:我对这个从我正在使用的后端框架自动生成的查询有疑问。 查询速度很慢,导致我的脚本出现问题。
更新:按照@The Impaler 的回答后,我的初始查询问题已解决,执行时间从 30 秒变为 300 毫秒。
唯一的问题是在我的 WHERE 子句中添加了一些额外的条件后,执行时间又回到了 28s-32s。
旧查询:
SELECT `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`id`, `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`username`,
`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`name`, `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`bio`,
`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`avatar`, `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`language`,
`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`gender`, `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`follower_count`,
`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`following_count`, `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`like_count`,
`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`post_count`, `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`is_private`,
`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`is_business`, `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`is_verified`,
`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`is_fetched`, `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`created_date`,
`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`updated_date`
FROM `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`
INNER JOIN `growthservice_growthservicerelationdata`
ON (`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`id` = `growthservice_growthservicerelationdata`.`account_id`)
WHERE (
`growthservice_growthservicerelationdata`.`source_id` = 6812397029810258950
AND NOT (`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`id` IN (
SELECT U0.`subject_id` AS Col1 FROM `growthservice_log` U0
WHERE (U0.`account_id` = 6570863662218543109 AND U0.`action` = 'LIKE' AND U0.`subject_type` = 'USER')
)
)
) LIMIT 55;
新查询
SELECT `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`id`, `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`username`,
`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`name`, `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`bio`,
`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`avatar`, `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`language`,
`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`gender`, `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`follower_count`,
`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`following_count`, `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`like_count`,
`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`post_count`, `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`is_private`,
`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`is_business`, `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`is_verified`,
`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`is_fetched`, `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`created_date`,
`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`updated_date`
FROM `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`
INNER JOIN `growthservice_growthservicerelationdata`
ON (`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`id` = `growthservice_growthservicerelationdata`.`account_id`)
WHERE (
`growthservice_growthservicerelationdata`.`source_id` = 6812397029810258950
AND `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`following_count` >= 30
AND `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`follower_count` >= 10
AND NOT (`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`username` LIKE BINARY '%user%')
AND NOT (`growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`id` IN (
SELECT U0.`subject_id` AS Col1 FROM `growthservice_log` U0
WHERE (U0.`account_id` = 6570863662218543109 AND U0.`action` = 'LIKE' AND U0.`subject_type` = 'USER')
)
)
)
ORDER BY `growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata`.`created_date` DESC
LIMIT 55;
编辑查询以显示表别名与长名称的更易读性
SELECT
gsad.id,
gsad.username,
gsad.name,
gsad.bio,
gsad.avatar,
gsad.`language`,
gsad.gender,
gsad.follower_count,
gsad.following_count,
gsad.like_count,
gsad.post_count,
gsad.is_private,
gsad.is_business,
gsad.is_verified,
gsad.is_fetched,
gsad.created_date,
gsad.updated_date
FROM
growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata gsad
INNER JOIN growthservice_growthservicerelationdata gsrd
ON sad.id = gsrd.account_id
WHERE
gsrd.source_id = 6812397029810258950
AND sad.following_count >= 30
AND sad.follower_count >= 10
AND NOT sad.username LIKE BINARY '%user%'
AND NOT sad.id IN ( SELECT U0.subject_id AS Col1
FROM growthservice_log U0
WHERE (U0.account_id = 6570863662218543109
AND U0.action = 'LIKE'
AND U0.subject_type = 'USER')
)
ORDER BY
sad.created_date DESC
LIMIT 55;
The old EXPLAIN output is:
| id | select_type
| table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
| 1 | PRIMARY | growthservice_growthservicerelationdata | NULL | ref | growthservice_growth_account_id_93684974_fk_growthser,growthservice_growth_source_id_86fb3471_fk_growthser | growthservice_growth_source_id_86fb3471_fk_growthser | 8 | const | 5741 | 100.00 | Using where |
| 1 | PRIMARY | growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata | NULL | eq_ref | PRIMARY,follower_count,following_count | PRIMARY | 8 | app.growthservice_growthservicerelationdata.account_id | 1 | 22.22 | Using where |
| 2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | U0 | NULL | ref | growthservice_log_account_id_ac95df3e_fk_accounts_account_id,growthservice_log_action_45cfd84b,growthservice_log_subject_id_17399893,subject_type | growthservice_log_account_id_ac95df3e_fk_accounts_account_id | 8 | const | 2822 | 2.50 | Using where |
新的 EXPLAIN 输出是:
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra
| 1 | PRIMARY | growthservice_growthservicerelationdata | NULL | ref | growthservice_growth_account_id_93684974_fk_growthser,growthservice_growth_source_id_86fb3471_fk_growthser | growthservice_growth_source_id_86fb3471_fk_growthser | 8 | const | 5741 | 100.00 | Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort |
| 1 | PRIMARY | growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata | NULL | eq_ref | PRIMARY,follower_count,following_count,ix1 | PRIMARY | 8 | app.growthservice_growthservicerelationdata.account_id | 1 | 25.00 | Using where
| 2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | U0 | NULL | ref | growthservice_log_action_45cfd84b,growthservice_log_subject_id_17399893,subject_type,ix1 | ix1 | 1612 | const,const,const | 2564 | 10.00 | Using where
查询平均耗时 30 秒。
表 growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata 有 700 万行。
表 growthservice_growthservicerelationdata 有 700 万行。
表growthservice_log有15万行。
我已经在 where 子句中过滤的所有字段上都有单列索引。
究竟什么会减慢查询速度,我可以做些什么来解决它?
很奇怪的是,如果我从 WHERE 子句中删除 NOT IN,则查询仅在 300 毫秒内执行,而不是 30 秒。
【问题讨论】:
可以使用 Not Exist 运算符(反半联接)代替 NOT IN,以提高性能。我怀疑 not in 可能会导致引擎执行额外的过滤器操作,使其变慢。 在深入了解表和列别名之前,我会先熟悉一下 @Strawberry 正如我在 OP 中所说,我正在使用的后端框架自动生成的查询。 我应该请你用别名修复名称以帮助区分growthservice_growthserviceaccountdata
和 growthservice_growthservicerelationdata
-- AS a
和 AS r
怎么样?好的,您接近 gsad
和 gsrd
。但那是sad
??
【参考方案1】:
单列索引对子查询没有帮助,因为它有一个三列相等谓词。要提高子查询的性能,您可以添加索引:
create index ix1 on `growthservice_log` (`account_id`, `action`, `subject_type`);
查询的其余部分看起来非常简单,因为您只限制为 55 行,并且没有强制引擎读取大量行的排序操作。
可能有问题的是引擎将子查询视为“依赖子查询”。如果可能的话,改写此查询以避免任何相关性可能会很有用。
【讨论】:
嘿伙计,非常感谢您回答我的问题!我已经添加了索引,它解决了初始查询的问题(执行时间现在是 0.5 毫秒而不是 30 秒),但我注意到我需要的真正查询在 WHERE 子句中有更多条件,一旦我添加了这些条件,执行时间增加到 30 秒,你能不能看看,让我知道我错过了什么?我编辑了我的问题以添加我正在使用的最后一个 WHERE 子句。 @EduardoAlves 我仍然看到相同的查询。你改了吗?现在有了索引,可以更新执行计划了吗? 我已经编辑了问题以同时显示新旧查询,以便更容易阅读和发现差异。我还发布了新的 EXPLAIN 输出。【参考方案2】:对于第一个变体,请尝试更改:
AND NOT (a.`id` IN (
SELECT U0.`subject_id` AS Col1
FROM `growthservice_log` U0
WHERE (U0.`account_id` = 6570863662218543109
AND U0.`action` = 'LIKE'
AND U0.`subject_type` = 'USER') ) )
到
AND NOT EXISTS ( SELECT 1
FROM growthservice_log AS U0
WHERE U0.`account_id` = 6570863662218543109
AND U0.`action` = 'LIKE'
AND U0.`subject_type` = 'USER'
AND U0.subject_cell = a.`id` )
并且拥有
U0: (subject_type, action, account_id, subject_id) -- The order does not matter
r: (source_id, account_id) -- In this order
我已经在 where 子句中过滤的所有字段上都有单列索引。
一个常见的新手错误。 “复合索引”(如上)有时比单列索引好得多。
没有ORDER BY
,LIMIT
可以随意给你随机行。
第二次查询...
这是非常低效的:
NOT sad.username LIKE BINARY '%user%'
目的是什么?
对于a
,可以使用以下之一:
INDEX(follower_count),
INDEX(following_count)
要尝试的另一件事是将NOT IN
(或NOT EXISTS
)从WHERE
子句移至HAVING
子句。如果这不能像删除它那样提高速度,那么我们可以讨论一个子查询:
SELECT *
FROM (( SELECT ... all of the query but the NOT IN ...))
WHERE NOT EXISTS ( ... )
ORDER BY ...; -- Yes, repeated
警告:您可能只得到 54 行,但这可能“足够好”并且值得加速?
【讨论】:
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