PSET 2:Vigenere Cipher 部分工作?
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【中文标题】PSET 2:Vigenere Cipher 部分工作?【英文标题】:PSET 2: Vigenere Cipher partially working? 【发布时间】:2019-08-03 11:12:48 【问题描述】:我创建了以下代码作为对 CS50x PSET2: Vigenere 的回答,它在一定程度上可以工作,但是在运行 check50 时,我得到了下面列出的一些错误:
:) vigenere.c exists.
:) vigenere.c compiles.
:) encrypts "a" as "a" using "a" as keyword
:( encrypts "barfoo" as "caqgon" using "baz" as keyword - output not valid ASCII text
:( encrypts "BaRFoo" as "CaQGon" using "BaZ" as keyword - output not valid ASCII text
:) encrypts "BARFOO" as "CAQGON" using "BAZ" as keyword
:( encrypts "world!$?" as "xoqmd!$?" using "baz" as keyword- output not valid ASCII text
:( encrypts "hello, world!" as "iekmo, vprke!" using "baz" as keyword- output not valid ASCII text
:) handles lack of argv[1]
:) handles argc > 2
:( rejects "Hax0r2" as keyword - timed out while waiting for program to exit
似乎正在发生的事情是密钥包含一个高值(即 z/Z),它会导致代码跳到下一行并错过看似随机序列的内容。例如。在字符串的第一个单词中,它漏掉了第三个字符,然后第二个单词漏掉了第三个和第四个字符,然后第三个单词漏掉了第一个字符。我只是不明白发生了什么。
我使用 printf 来确保设置和传递给函数的所有变量在运行时都是正确的。函数本身正在返回正确的响应(Hax0r2 的验证除外)。我尝试通过将结果与在线 vigenere 密码工具进行比较来进行调试。
#include <cs50.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int Validate1(int argc);
int Validate2(string argv);
void Cypher(string x);
void KeyCalc(string argv);
string MESSAGE;
int LENGTH;
int *KEY;
int COUNTER = 0;
int main(int argc, string argv[])
//Check if right amount of arguments are supplied
int Val1 = Validate1(argc);
if (Val1 == 0)
//Check if argument is a string of chars
int Val2 = Validate2(argv[1]);
if (Val2 == 0)
//get the string length
LENGTH = strlen(argv[1]);
//Dynamically update KEY array length
KEY = (int *)malloc(LENGTH * sizeof(*KEY));
if (KEY == NULL)
fprintf(stderr, "malloc failed\n");
//calculate the key
KeyCalc(argv[1]);
//get the message from the user to be encrypted
MESSAGE = get_string("plaintext: ");
printf("ciphertext: ");
//encrypt message from user
Cypher(argv[1]);
free(KEY);
return 0;
else
//validation failed
printf("Usage: ./vigenere keyword\n");
return 1;
else
//validation failed
printf("Usage: ./vigenere keyword\n");
return 1;
//Validate the number of arguments supplied
int Validate1(int argc)
if (argc != 2)
return 1;
else
return 0;
//Validate the argument is a string
int Validate2(string argv)
int k = 0;
//loop through all characters in argument line string and check if alphabetic
for (int i = 0; i < LENGTH; i++)
if isalpha(argv[i])
//Do Nothing
else
k++;
//k counts the number of non-alphabetic characters, so if > 0 then invalid input
if (k > 0)
return 1;
else
return 0;
void Cypher(string x)
//identify the length of the message to be coded
int Mlength = strlen(MESSAGE);
//identify the length of the key
int Slen = strlen(x);
//cycle through all characters in message supplied by user
for (int i = 0; i < Mlength; i++)
// loop through key
if (COUNTER > Slen - 1)
COUNTER = 0;
//check if the character is alphabetic
if (isalpha(MESSAGE[i]))
//convert the character to ASCII int value
char l = MESSAGE[i];
//add key value to message value and wrap around ascii mapping
if (isupper(MESSAGE[i]))
l = l + KEY[COUNTER];
if (l > 'Z')
l = l - 26;
else
l = l + KEY[COUNTER];
if (l > 'z')
l = l - 26;
//convert value back into character and store in array
MESSAGE[i] = (char) l;
// print character
printf("%c", MESSAGE[i]);
COUNTER++;
else
//character is 'numeric' or 'symbol' or 'space' just display it
printf("%c", MESSAGE[i]);
printf("\n");
void KeyCalc(string argv)
//convert key entry to values A/a = 0 to Z/z = 26
for (int i = 0; i < LENGTH; i++)
char k = argv[i];
if (islower(argv[i]))
KEY[i] = k - 'a';
else
KEY[i] = k - 'A';
使用“baz”作为关键字将“barfoo”加密为“caqgon”
使用“BaZ”作为关键字将“BaRFoo”加密为“CaQGon”
加密“世界!$?”作为“xoqmd!$?”使用“baz”作为关键字
加密“你好,世界!”作为“iekmo,vprke!”使用“baz”作为关键字
拒绝“Hax0r2”作为关键字
【问题讨论】:
【参考方案1】:来自凯撒 pset 的规范:
...凯撒算法(即密码)通过以下方式加密消息 将每个字母“旋转”k 个位置。更正式地说,如果 p 是一些 明文(即未加密的消息),pi 是第 i 个字符 p, k 是一个密钥(即一个非负整数),那么每个 密文中的字母 ci 计算为
ci = (pi + k) % 26
这个算法(在任何一种情况下)都不会这样做:
l = l + KEY[COUNTER];
if (l > 'Z')
l = l - 26;
This walkthrough 从 9:30 开始是如何实施“班次”的很好的入门读物。
此代码中问题的直接原因是此l = l + KEY[COUNTER];
可以产生ascii range 之外的结果。在 CS50 实现中,char
默认为 signed 字符。因此,例如,'r' + 'z'(如用“baz”加密的“barfoo”)将产生 -117。
【讨论】:
感谢您指出这一点。我现在可以正常工作了。以上是关于PSET 2:Vigenere Cipher 部分工作?的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
我的代码有啥问题? (Vigenere cypher cs50, pset2)