不能在公共 Instagram 帐户上抓取超过 12 个帖子
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【中文标题】不能在公共 Instagram 帐户上抓取超过 12 个帖子【英文标题】：Can't scrape more than 12 posts on public Instagram account 【发布时间】：2020-01-02 11:50:47 【问题描述】：我想使用 Python 从公共 Instagram 帐户中抓取所有帖子，以用于我在大学进行的一项研究。然而，我开始感到沮丧，因为我无法从 Instagram 中提取超过 12 条帖子。
Selenium 完成了滚动页面的工作，我得到了 beautifulsoup 来以适当的方式解析我想要的数据，尽管只针对前 12 个帖子。到目前为止，我已经尝试了几种不同的方法，但开始感到卡住了。我在这里查看了几个教程和线程，例如：
How do I scrape a full instagram page in python?
Web Scraping with Selenium Python [Twitter + Instagram]
https://michaeljsanders.com/2017/05/12/scrapin-and-scrollin.html
https://edmundmartin.com/scraping-instagram-with-python/
感谢所有回复！
最好的问候， 卡勒。
我试过的代码。 示例 1：
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import ssl
import json
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from datetime import datetime
class Insta_Image_Links_Scraper:
def getlinks(self, user, url):
print('[+] Downloading:\n')
c = webdriver.Chrome()
c.get("https://www.instagram.com/frank_the_carden/")
lenOfPage = c.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);var lenOfPage=document.body.scrollHeight;return lenOfPage;")
match=False
while(match==False):
lastCount = lenOfPage
time.sleep(2)
lenOfPage = c.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);var lenOfPage=document.body.scrollHeight;return lenOfPage;")
if lastCount==lenOfPage:
match=True
soup = BeautifulSoup(c.page_source, 'lxml')
body = soup.find('body')
script = body.find('script')
page_json = script.text.strip().replace('window._sharedData =', '').replace(';', '')
data = json.loads(page_json)
print('Scraping posts for user ' + user+"...........")
for post in data['entry_data']['ProfilePage'][0]['graphql']['user']['edge_owner_to_timeline_media']['edges']:
timestamp = post['node']['taken_at_timestamp']
likedby = post['node']['edge_liked_by']['count']
comments = post['node']['edge_media_to_comment']['count']
isVideo = post['node']['is_video']
caption = post['node']['edge_media_to_caption']
print('Post on :',datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
print('Liked by :',likedby)
print('comments :',comments)
print('caption :',caption)
def main(self):
self.ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
self.ctx.check_hostname = False
self.ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
with open("accounts.txt") as f:
self.content = f.readlines()
self.content = [x.strip() for x in self.content]
for user in self.content:
self.getlinks(user,
'https://www.instagram.com/'
+ user + '/')
if __name__ == '__main__':
obj = Insta_Image_Links_Scraper()
obj.main()
示例 2：
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import json
from datetime import datetime
c = webdriver.Chrome()
c.get("https://www.instagram.com/frank_the_carden/")
time.sleep(1)
elem = c.find_element_by_tag_name("body")
no_of_pagedowns = 20
while no_of_pagedowns:
elem.send_keys(Keys.PAGE_DOWN)
time.sleep(0.2)
no_of_pagedowns-=1
soup = BeautifulSoup(c.page_source, 'html.parser')
body = soup.find('body')
script = body.find('script')
page_json = script.text.strip().replace('window._sharedData =', '').replace(';', '')
data = json.loads(page_json)
for post in data['entry_data']['ProfilePage'][0]['graphql']['user']['edge_owner_to_timeline_media']['edges']:
timestamp = post['node']['taken_at_timestamp']
likedby = post['node']['edge_liked_by']['count']
comments = post['node']['edge_media_to_comment']['count']
isVideo = post['node']['is_video']
caption = post['node']['edge_media_to_caption']
print('Post on :',datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
print('Liked by :',likedby)
print('comments :',comments)
print('caption :',caption)
示例 3：
import time
import json
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from datetime import datetime
import requests
import urllib3
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
media_url = 'https://www.instagram.com/graphql/query/?query_hash=42323d64886122307be10013ad2dcc44&variables="id":"%s","first":50,"after":"%s"'
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
# first get https://instagram.com to obtain cookies
browser.get('https://www.instagram.com/frank_the_carden/')
browser_cookies = browser.get_cookies()
# set a session with cookies
session = requests.Session()
for cookie in browser_cookies:
c = cookie['name']: cookie['value']
session.cookies.update(c)
# get response as JSON
response = session.get(media_url % ('5719699176', ''), verify=False).json()
time.sleep(1)
elem = browser.find_element_by_tag_name("body")
no_of_pagedowns = 20
while no_of_pagedowns:
elem.send_keys(Keys.PAGE_DOWN)
time.sleep(0.2)
no_of_pagedowns-=1
soup = BeautifulSoup(browser.page_source, 'html.parser')
body = soup.find('body')
script = body.find('script')
page_json = script.text.strip().replace('window._sharedData =', '').replace(';', '')
data = json.loads(page_json)
for post in data['entry_data']['ProfilePage'][0]['graphql']['user']['edge_owner_to_timeline_media']['edges']:
timestamp = post['node']['taken_at_timestamp']
likedby = post['node']['edge_liked_by']['count']
comments = post['node']['edge_media_to_comment']['count']
isVideo = post['node']['is_video']
caption = post['node']['edge_media_to_caption']
print('Post on :',datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
print('Liked by :',likedby)
print('comments :',comments)
print('caption :',caption)
示例 4：
from random import choice
import json
import time
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get("https://www.instagram.com/frank_the_carden/")
# Selenium script to scroll to the bottom
lenOfPage = browser.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);var lenOfPage=document.body.scrollHeight;return lenOfPage;")
match=False
while(match==False):
lastCount = lenOfPage
time.sleep(1)
lenOfPage = browser.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);var lenOfPage=document.body.scrollHeight;return lenOfPage;")
if lastCount==lenOfPage:
match=True
_user_agents = [
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36'
]
class InstagramScraper:
def __init__(self, user_agents=None, proxy=None):
self.user_agents = user_agents
self.proxy = proxy
def __random_agent(self):
if self.user_agents and isinstance(self.user_agents, list):
return choice(self.user_agents)
return choice(_user_agents)
def __request_url(self, url):
try:
response = requests.get(url, headers='User-Agent': self.__random_agent(), proxies='http': self.proxy,
'https': self.proxy)
response.raise_for_status()
except requests.HTTPError:
raise requests.HTTPError('Received non 200 status code from Instagram')
except requests.RequestException:
raise requests.RequestException
else:
return response.text
@staticmethod
def extract_json_data(html):
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
body = soup.find('body')
script_tag = body.find('script')
raw_string = script_tag.text.strip().replace('window._sharedData =', '').replace(';', '')
return json.loads(raw_string)
def profile_page_metrics(self, profile_url):
results =
try:
response = self.__request_url(profile_url)
json_data = self.extract_json_data(response)
metrics = json_data['entry_data']['ProfilePage'][0]['graphql']['user']
except Exception as e:
raise e
else:
for key, value in metrics.items():
if key != 'edge_owner_to_timeline_media':
if value and isinstance(value, dict):
value = value['count']
results[key] = value
elif value:
results[key] = value
return results
def profile_page_recent_posts(self, profile_url):
results = []
try:
response = self.__request_url(profile_url)
json_data = self.extract_json_data(response)
metrics = json_data['entry_data']['ProfilePage'][0]['graphql']['user']['edge_owner_to_timeline_media']["edges"]
except Exception as e:
raise e
else:
for node in metrics:
node = node.get('node')
if node and isinstance(node, dict):
results.append(node)
return results
from pprint import pprint
k = InstagramScraper()
results = k.profile_page_recent_posts('https://www.instagram.com/frank_the_carden/')
pprint(results)
【问题讨论】：
不完全是一个解决方案，但可能会有所启发；查看this blog post 我在从乔·拜登的 Instagram 以及the associated code 上抓取 500 条帖子时写道；诚然，这有点 hacky，但我基本上使用 Selenium 来滚动页面，并且在每次滚动时，我收集了整个 HTML，然后最后我比较了所有 HTML 并解析了 URL 的单独帖子短代码 【参考方案1】：我会直接调用 instagram graph ql api，就像您在“示例 3”中所做的那样。 我有一个工作代码，但他们改变了 query_hash 的生成方式，我无法让它工作，但你可能也面临同样的问题。
除此之外，我目前正在使用 python client 抓取 Instagram 数据。但您需要提供 Instagram 凭据才能使其正常工作。
【讨论】：
感谢您的回复！是的，这实际上是我最近的尝试，我认为这是有道理的。也无法让 query_hash 工作。我尝试从 network-xhr-query 字符串参数中获取值并尝试在代码中输入它们的不同方式，但我得到这些错误：“我的目录”，第 27 行，在您可以使用此查询模板获取包含用户帖子的 json
www.instagram.com/graphql/query/?query_id=17888483320059182&variables=%7B%22id%22%3A%22
查看更多信息。认为它可能会有所帮助 https://github.com/MohanSha/InstagramResearch
【讨论】：
【参考方案3】：我和你一样一直在寻找答案，我发现最好的方法是使用以下步骤：
首先使用请求库并从 Instagram 查询中粘贴
https://www.instagram.com/graphql/query/?query_hash=42323d64886122307be10013ad2dcc44&variables=%22id%22:%22
['data']['user']['edge_owner_to_timeline_media']['edges'][0]['node']['owner']['id']
['data']['user']['edge_owner_to_timeline_media']['page_info']['end_cursor']
那么当您成功获取所有需要的数据后，您可以使用此代码保留 JSON 格式
import json
import request
profilq = request.get('https://www.instagram.com/graphql/query/?query_hash=42323d64886122307be10013ad2dcc44&variables=%22id%22:%22<profile_id>%22,%22first%22:<num_ofpost>,%22after%22:%22<end_cursor>%22')
data = profilq.json()
第二使用递归来帮助你获得帖子。由于一个查询只能承受 50 个帖子，因此您需要创建某种递归函数来重新请求 JSON 并将其放入相应的表中。
注意事项 有时，空白标题会导致索引错误。您可以使用 try 和 except 来消除这种情况。我喜欢使用 IndexError 的异常并将标题替换为字符串
try:
your code
except IndexError:
caption = '*NO CAPTION PROVIDED*'
我在 2020 年 12 月 7 日之前测试了查询链接。如果你想粘贴我的做法，可以查看我的 GitHub 链接 here。
【讨论】：
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