本地指针的奇怪行为[关闭]
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【中文标题】本地指针的奇怪行为[关闭]【英文标题】:Weird behaviour of a local pointer [closed] 【发布时间】:2015-10-22 22:22:10 【问题描述】:此代码使用分治法找出数组中的最小和最大元素:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define MAX(a, b) ((a>=b)?a:b)
#define MIN(a, b) ((a<=b)?a:b)
void printarr(int *arr, int base, int height)
int i;
for (i = base; i <=height; i++)
printf("arr[%d] = %d \n", i, arr[i]);
//This function divides the array into partition recursively until a partition of 1 / 2 element(s) is reached
//and then compares the elements
int* partition(int *arr, int base, int height)
printf("\n\n");
printarr(arr, base, height);
int mid = (base + height)/2;
//The local array holds the largest and smallest elements
//of the partition in max_min[0] and max_min[1] respectively
int max_min[2];
//The next two integer pointers will point to the base
//address of the array returned(max_min[2]) by next recursive call
//Please continue reading to get it
int *max_min_temp;
int *max_min_temp_1;
//The if block is executed when the partition holds exactly one
//element the largest and the smallest elements are the same
if(base == height)
max_min[0] = arr[base];
max_min[1] = arr[height];
//The max_min[0] and max_min[1] holds the same element
printf("%d %d\n", max_min[0], max_min[1]);
//The base address of the array is now returned
return max_min;
//This else if block is executed when the there's exactly two elements
//In the partition and a simple comparison is done to find the minimum
//and maximum elements of the partition and store in max_min[1] and max_min[0]
//respectively
else if((height - base) == 1)
max_min[0] = MAX(arr[base], arr[height]);
max_min[1] = MIN(arr[base], arr[height]);
printf("%d %d\n", max_min[0], max_min[1]);
//The base address of the array is now returned
return max_min;
//This block is executed when more than two elements are there in the partition
else
//Now the local partition is divided into two partition from the middle
//The max_min of the first half of the partition is pointed by max_min_temp
max_min_temp = partition(arr, base, mid);
//The max_min of the second half of the partition is pointed by max_min_temp_1
max_min_temp_1 = partition(arr, mid+1, height);
//----------------------THE PROBLEM ARISES HERE----------------------------//
//The max_min_temp and max_min_temp_1 act as if they point to the same array
// and hence compares the same elements
max_min[0] = MAX(max_min_temp[0], max_min_temp_1[0]);
max_min[1] = MIN(max_min_temp[1], max_min_temp_1[1]);
//It can be seen here in the following printf statement
printf("\nCHECKPOINT #1 - %d %d %d %d\n",max_min_temp[0], max_min_temp[1],max_min_temp_1[0], max_min_temp_1[1]);
//Check the corresponding output of the printf statement
printf("\nCHECKPOINT #2 - %d %d\n", max_min[0], max_min[1]);
return max_min;
/*int main(int argc, int *argv[])
int i;
int arr[argc-1];
int *max_min;
for(i=1; i<argc; i++)
sscanf(argv[i],"%d",&arr[i-1]);
max_min = partition(arr, 0, argc-2);
printf("\nMax = %d Min = %d\n", max_min[0], max_min[1]);
return 0;
*/
int main()
int arr[] = 20, 30, 5, 10;
int *max_min = partition(arr, 0, 3);
printf("\nMax = %d Min = %d\n", max_min[0], max_min[1]);
return 0;
输出是:
arr[0] = 20
arr[1] = 30
arr[2] = 5
arr[3] = 10
arr[0] = 20
arr[1] = 30
30 20
arr[2] = 5
arr[3] = 10
10 5
CHECKPOINT #1 - 10 5 10 5
CHECKPOINT #2 - 10 5
Max = 10 Min = 5
这是不正确的。
现在如果我用下面的 else 块替换 else 块,它工作正常。
else
max_min_temp = partition(arr, mid+1, height);
max_min[0] = max_min_temp[0];
max_min[1] = max_min_temp[1];
max_min_temp_1 = partition(arr, base, mid);
max_min[0] = MAX(max_min[0],max_min_temp_1[0]);
max_min[1] = MIN(max_min[1],max_min_temp_1[1]);
//printf("%d %d\n", max_min[0], max_min[1]);
return max_min;
现在输出是:
arr[0] = 20
arr[1] = 30
arr[2] = 5
arr[3] = 10
arr[2] = 5
arr[3] = 10
10 5
arr[0] = 20
arr[1] = 30
30 20
Max = 30 Min = 5
这是想要的。
似乎两个本地指针都持有同一个数组...但是如何?请帮忙。谢谢
【问题讨论】:
你使用调试器了吗? 究竟哪里出错了?哪个指针表现出意外? 请调试程序。您拥有所有必需的工具。 现在请帮忙。我已经添加了输出。 我不知道为什么人们不赞成这个问题。我的意思是很多人回答了这个问题——所以他们理解了,我很清楚问题出在哪里。我是这个论坛的新手,也许人们误会了我的意思 【参考方案1】:您将一个指针传回数组max_min
,该数组分配在上一个堆栈帧上。
现在在第一个实现中,您连续两次调用partition
。第二次调用将覆盖您的 first max_min
数组的值(即,您的max_min_temp
应该指向的值)。因此,您获得的 max_min
值始终来自第二次调用。
在第二个实现中,您将max_min
的值复制到当前 堆栈帧上的变量中,在再次调用partition
。这就是为什么你的价值观是正确的。
底线是,要么将当前堆栈帧上的 max
和 min
指针传递给 partition
,要么按照 Ajit 所说的那样使用 malloc
。
void partition(int* arr, int base, int height, int* max, int* min)
// your code...
int max_1, max_2, min_1, min_2;
partition(arr, base, mid, &max_1, &min_1);
partition(arr, mid+1, height, &max_2, &min_2);
*max = MAX(max_1 , max_2);
*min = MIN(min_1 , min_2);
【讨论】:
【参考方案2】:数组max_min
正在返回一个本地地址,每次结果都相同。可能的解决方案是进行动态内存分配。
int *max_min;
max_min = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*2);
将int* max_min[2]
行替换为以上两行。
【讨论】:
是的,非常感谢,但是请您解释一下您的答案.. 就像返回动态分配的数组和静态分配的数组时,return 语句有何不同。 动态分配在堆上分配内存,而相反的局部变量在堆栈中分配。每个堆栈只有在特定的函数调用之前才有生命。因此,返回值之一,您的地址将变为无效。如果它在堆上,那么当控件从您的函数返回时可以访问它。【参考方案3】:正如其他答案中所解释的,您正在做的是覆盖先前分配的堆栈,并且您也有解决方案来分配动态内存。我只想添加一件事,不要忘记到free()
分配的内存,否则你的代码会有内存泄漏。如果函数返回指向动态分配内存的指针,则由调用者负责free()
内存。所以在main()
,在返回free()
之前的内存。
int *max_min = partition(arr, 0, 3);
printf("\nMax = %d Min = %d\n", max_min[0], max_min[1]);
free(max_min); //frees the memory allocated in partition().
max_min = NULL; //Make it point to null, so that it is not pointing to any random location.
return 0;
【讨论】:
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