当我尝试将用户上传的图像保存在视图中时，为啥 ImageField 中的 upload_to 根本不起作用

Posted 2023-03-22

【中文标题】当我尝试将用户上传的图像保存在视图中时，为啥 ImageField 中的 upload_to 根本不起作用

【英文标题】：Why does upload_to in ImageField not working at all when i try to save uploaded image from user in views当我尝试将用户上传的图像保存在视图中时，为什么 ImageField 中的 upload_to 根本不起作用

【发布时间】：2021-12-19 19:40:39

【问题描述】：

我正在尝试用非常简单的架构项目制作一个简单的邮件服务。此时我的后端部分开发几乎完成了，但我已经停止了两天，因为我不知道为什么图像保存不起作用。

显然，我希望用户上传他的个人资料头像，并将其保存到我在 upload_to 中设置的路径。 图片路径必须类似于profiles/UserName/his_profile_img.jpeg

在过去的两天里，我花了超过 12 个小时试图解决它。

这是我的模型 ImageField 哪里出了问题：

from django.db import models
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from django.contrib.auth.models import User


def username(user, file):
    string_username = str(user).split()[0]
    return f"profiles/string_username/file"


class Profile(models.Model):
    user                 = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="Profile")

    ##### This is here
    avatar               = models.ImageField(default="/profiles/profile.png", upload_to=username)
    
    name                 = models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=True)
    surname              = models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=True)

    email                = models.EmailField(max_length=64, blank=True)
    bio                  = models.CharField(max_length=1024, blank=True)

    def username(self):
        return self.user.username

    @property
    def joined(self):

        joined = self.user.date_joined.strftime("%d %B %Y")

        is_today = joined == datetime.today().strftime("%d %B %Y")
        if is_today:
            return "today"

        is_yesterday = joined == datetime.date(datetime.today() - timedelta(days=1)).strftime("%d %B %Y")  
        if is_yesterday:
            return "yesterday"

        return f"joined"

    def __str__(self):
        return f"self.user profile"

这是一个视图函数，不保存图像：

def my_profile(request):

    if not request.user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect('login') 

    user_profile = Profile.objects.get(user=request.user)
    sent_messages = Mail.objects.filter(from_user_inf=request.user).count()
    received_messages = Mail.objects.filter(to_user_inf=request.user).count()

    context = 
        "profile": user_profile,
        "sent": sent_messages, 
        "received": received_messages
    
    if request.method == 'POST':
        user_profile.name      = request.POST.get("name")
        user_profile.surname   = request.POST.get("surname")
        user_profile.email     = request.POST.get("email")
        user_profile.bio       = request.POST.get("bio")

        avatar = request.FILES.get("avatar")

        # I've also tried get image by:
        ##### request.POST.get("avatar")
        ##### saving image by "with open" command(this is too weird)

        if avatar:
            user_profile.avatar = avatar
            
        user_profile.save()
        messages.info(request, "Saved successfully !")
        return render(request, 'my_profile.html', context=context)

    return render(request, 'my_profile.html', context=context)

还有 my_profile.html 文件和我设置图片上传的一段代码：

<div>
    <img class="img" src=" profile.avatar.url "  >
    <label for="file" cursor="pointer" class="btn">Change Photo</label>
    <input id="file" style="visibility:hidden;" name="avatar" type="file" accept="image/*">
</div>

是的，我做了正确的设置并将其添加到网址中。

settings.py ---> ROOT 和 URL 媒体，静态设置：

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'static'

MEDIA_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'media'
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

urls.py：

urlpatterns = [
    ### There are my urls
]

if settings.DEBUG:
    urlpatterns += static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)
    urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

感谢关注，希望能解决！

【参考方案1】：

ModelForms 很容易：

# forms.py

from django import forms
# import your model here

class ProfileForm(forms.ModelForm):
    
    class Meta:
        model = Profile
        fields = ('name', 'surname', 'email', 'bio', 'avatar')

# views.py
# imports...


def my_profile(request):

    if not request.user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect('login') 

    user_profile = Profile.objects.get(user=request.user)
    sent_messages = Mail.objects.filter(from_user_inf=request.user).count()
    received_messages = Mail.objects.filter(to_user_inf=request.user).count()

    context = 
        "profile": user_profile,
        "sent": sent_messages, 
        "received": received_messages
    
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ProfileForm(
            instance=user_profile, data=request.POST, files=request.FILES
        )
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            messages.info(request, "Saved successfully !")
            # Best use a redirect to a success page here.
            # Otherwise, if the user clicks reload, the form will be resent.
            return render(request, 'my_profile.html', context=context)
    else:
       form = ProfileForm(instance=user_profile)

    # Use the form in the template! @see: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/forms/#the-template
    # If you need personalize for bootstrap, etc @see: https://github.com/django-crispy-forms/django-crispy-forms
    context['form'] = form
    return render(request, 'my_profile.html', context=context)

如果您需要上传不带ModelForm 的文件，请手动将文件保存到服务器路径，然后在模型中设置此路径（相对于MEDIA_ROOT）。请参阅此链接中的handle_uploaded_file https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/http/file-uploads/#basic-file-uploads。

【讨论】：

它不起作用...这是相同的结果。图片未保存

我们可以在任何社交媒体平台上找到彼此吗？我真的需要帮助，我很困惑，它不起作用

@proghb，我在 github 上上传了一个最小的 Django 3 示例：github.com/t-cc/django-uploads-example。希望对你有帮助。