如何让 JetBrains CLion 中的“cmake”工作来编译 Emscripten/WebAssembly？
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【中文标题】如何让 JetBrains CLion 中的“cmake”工作来编译 Emscripten/WebAssembly？【英文标题】：How can I get `cmake` work in JetBrains CLion to compile Emscripten/WebAssembly? 【发布时间】：2019-09-24 12:51:03 【问题描述】：我正在尝试正确设置 JetBrains CLion 2019.1 以从 C 源代码构建 WebAssembly。 我几乎尝试了所有方法，但是，没有任何效果。我没有得到任何 WebAssembly 构建。我得到的只是：
WasmText.js
WasmTest.js.mem
WasmTest.cbp
当我在命令行上运行em++ main.cpp -o out/index.html -s WASM=1 -O3 时，我实际上得到了
index.html
index.js
index.wasm
结果的尺寸也小得多。
我已经设置了 Build、Executen、Deployment -> CMake 配置，其中包含以下设置：
构建类型
MinSizeRel
工具链
使用默认值：系统
（我尝试使用 emscripten sdk 设置我自己的工具链，但是，CLion 对设置进行了一些测试，并抱怨它无法使用 em++ 编译简单的测试文件。）
CMake 选项
我在 CLion 中设置了一个路径变量 $EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT$。我可以确认它可以正常工作，将其作为 $EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT 传递给 CMakeLists.txt 作为参数。
-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT/cmake/Modules/Platform/Emscripten.cmake
-G"Unix Makefiles"
--debug-output
环境
EMSDK=/wrk/dev/emsdk
EMSCRIPTEN=/wrk/dev/emsdk/emscripten/1.37.12
EMSDK_NODE=/wrk/dev/emsdk/node/4.1.1_64bit/bin/node
LLVM_ROOT=/wrk/dev/emsdk/clang/e1.37.12_64bit
BINARYEN_ROOT=/wrk/dev/emsdk/clang/e1.37.12_64bit/binaryen
EMSCRIPTEN_NATIVE_OPTIMIZER=/wrk/dev/emsdk/clang/e1.37.12_64bit/optimizer
EM_CONFIG=/home/webmaster/.emscripten
PATH=/wrk/dev/emsdk:/wrk/dev/emsdk/clang/e1.37.12_64bit:/wrk/dev/emsdk/node/4.1.1_64bit/bin:/wrk/dev/emsdk/emscripten/1.37.12:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/lib/bin
构建选项
-j 2
（字段为空时自动设置）
源文件
#include <iostream>
int main()
std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
return 0;
CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)
project(WasmTest)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(FLAGS "-o index.html -s WASM=1 -O3")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE "$FLAGS" CACHE STRING "Emscripten-overridden CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL "$FLAGS" CACHE STRING "Emscripten-overridden CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "$FLAGS" CACHE STRING "Emscripten-overridden CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "$FLAGS" CACHE STRING "Emscripten-overridden CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL "$FLAGS" CACHE STRING "Emscripten-overridden CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "$FLAGS" CACHE STRING "Emscripten-overridden CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO")
set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE "$FLAGS" CACHE STRING "Emscripten-overridden CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE")
set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL "$FLAGS" CACHE STRING "Emscripten-overridden CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL")
set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "$FLAGS" CACHE STRING "Emscripten-overridden CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO")
set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE "$FLAGS" CACHE STRING "Emscripten-overridden CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE")
set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL "$FLAGS" CACHE STRING "Emscripten-overridden CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL")
set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "$FLAGS" CACHE STRING "Emscripten-overridden CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO")
set(CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE "$FLAGS" CACHE STRING "Emscripten-overridden CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE")
set(CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL "$FLAGS" CACHE STRING "Emscripten-overridden CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL")
set(CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "$FLAGS" CACHE STRING "Emscripten-overridden CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO")
add_executable(WasmTest main.cpp)
重置缓存并重新加载项目
/opt/jetbrains/apps/CLion/ch-1/191.6707.69/bin/cmake/linux/bin/cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=MinSizeRel -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=/wrk/dev/emsdk/emscripten/1.37.12/cmake/Modules/Platform/Emscripten.cmake "-GUnix Makefiles" --debug-output -G "CodeBlocks - Unix Makefiles" /wrk/c/WasmTest
Running with debug output on.
-- Configuring done
-- Generating /wrk/c/WasmTest/cmake-build-minsizerel
Called from: [1] /wrk/c/WasmTest/CMakeLists.txt
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /wrk/c/WasmTest/cmake-build-minsizerel
[Finished]
在“MinSizeRel”中重建全部
====================[ Clean | MinSizeRel ]======================================
/opt/jetbrains/apps/CLion/ch-1/191.6707.69/bin/cmake/linux/bin/cmake --build /wrk/c/WasmTest/cmake-build-minsizerel --target clean -- -j 2
Clean finished
====================[ Build | all | MinSizeRel ]================================
/opt/jetbrains/apps/CLion/ch-1/191.6707.69/bin/cmake/linux/bin/cmake --build /wrk/c/WasmTest/cmake-build-minsizerel --target all -- -j 2
Scanning dependencies of target WasmTest
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/WasmTest.dir/main.cpp.o
[100%] Linking CXX executable WasmTest.js
[100%] Built target WasmTest
Build finished
仅供参考：这是Emscripten.cmake 文件
来自参数引用的原始 emscripten 源
-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT/cmake/Modules/Platform/Emscripten.cmake
# This file is a 'toolchain description file' for CMake.
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# from CMakeLists.txt that invoke emcc.
# Since updating to LLVM 3.9, its build system requires CMake 3.4.3 or newer, so use this as a
# baseline requirement for Emscripten toolchain as well, as developers will have this version or
# they would have been unable to build LLVM in the first place.
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.3)
# To use this toolchain file with CMake, invoke CMake with the following command line parameters
# cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=<EmscriptenRoot>/cmake/Modules/Platform/Emscripten.cmake
# -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=<Debug|RelWithDebInfo|Release|MinSizeRel>
# -G "Unix Makefiles" (Linux and OSX)
# -G "MinGW Makefiles" (Windows)
# <path/to/CMakeLists.txt> # Note, pass in here ONLY the path to the file, not the filename 'CMakeLists.txt' itself.
# After that, build the generated Makefile with the command 'make'. On Windows, you may download and use 'mingw32-make' instead.
# The following variable describes the target OS we are building to.
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Emscripten)
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION 1)
set(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING TRUE)
# Advertise Emscripten as a 32-bit platform (as opposed to CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=x86_64 for 64-bit platform),
# since some projects (e.g. OpenCV) use this to detect bitness.
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set(CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SONAME_C_FLAG "-Wl,-soname,")
# In CMake, CMAKE_HOST_WIN32 is set when we are cross-compiling from Win32 to Emscripten: http://www.cmake.org/cmake/help/v2.8.12/cmake.html#variable:CMAKE_HOST_WIN32
# The variable WIN32 is set only when the target arch that will run the code will be WIN32, so unset WIN32 when cross-compiling.
set(WIN32)
# The same logic as above applies for APPLE and CMAKE_HOST_APPLE, so unset APPLE.
set(APPLE)
# And for UNIX and CMAKE_HOST_UNIX. However, Emscripten is often able to mimic being a Linux/Unix system, in which case a lot of existing CMakeLists.txt files can be configured for Emscripten while assuming UNIX build, so this is left enabled.
set(UNIX 1)
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if (CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE)
endif()
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set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "-s ERROR_ON_UNDEFINED_SYMBOLS=1")
# Locate where the Emscripten compiler resides in relative to this toolchain file.
if ("$EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH" STREQUAL "")
get_filename_component(GUESS_EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH "$CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR/../../../" ABSOLUTE)
if (EXISTS "$GUESS_EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH/emranlib")
set(EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH "$GUESS_EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH")
endif()
endif()
# If not found by above search, locate using the EMSCRIPTEN environment variable.
if ("$EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH" STREQUAL "")
set(EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH "$ENVEMSCRIPTEN")
endif()
# Abort if not found.
if ("$EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH" STREQUAL "")
message(FATAL_ERROR "Could not locate the Emscripten compiler toolchain directory! Either set the EMSCRIPTEN environment variable, or pass -DEMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH=xxx to CMake to explicitly specify the location of the compiler!")
endif()
# Normalize, convert Windows backslashes to forward slashes or CMake will crash.
get_filename_component(EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH "$EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH" ABSOLUTE)
list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "$EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH/cmake/Modules")
list(APPEND CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH "$EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH/system")
if (CMAKE_HOST_WIN32)
set(EMCC_SUFFIX ".bat")
else()
set(EMCC_SUFFIX "")
endif()
# Specify the compilers to use for C and C++
if ("$CMAKE_C_COMPILER" STREQUAL "")
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER "$EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH/emcc$EMCC_SUFFIX")
endif()
if ("$CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER" STREQUAL "")
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "$EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH/em++$EMCC_SUFFIX")
endif()
if ("$CMAKE_AR" STREQUAL "")
set(CMAKE_AR "$EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH/emar$EMCC_SUFFIX" CACHE FILEPATH "Emscripten ar")
endif()
if ("$CMAKE_RANLIB" STREQUAL "")
set(CMAKE_RANLIB "$EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH/emranlib$EMCC_SUFFIX" CACHE FILEPATH "Emscripten ranlib")
endif()
# Don't allow CMake to autodetect the compiler, since it does not understand Emscripten.
# Pass -DEMSCRIPTEN_FORCE_COMPILERS=OFF to disable (sensible mostly only for testing/debugging purposes).
option(EMSCRIPTEN_FORCE_COMPILERS "Force C/C++ compiler" ON)
if (EMSCRIPTEN_FORCE_COMPILERS)
# Detect version of the 'emcc' executable. Note that for CMake, we tell it the version of the Clang compiler and not the version of Emscripten,
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if (NOT CMAKE_C_COMPILER_VERSION) # Toolchain script is interpreted multiple times, so don't rerun the check if already done before.
execute_process(COMMAND "$CMAKE_C_COMPILER" "-v" RESULT_VARIABLE _cmake_compiler_result ERROR_VARIABLE _cmake_compiler_output OUTPUT_QUIET)
if (NOT _cmake_compiler_result EQUAL 0)
message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to fetch compiler version information with command \"'$CMAKE_C_COMPILER' -v\"! Process returned with error code $_cmake_compiler_result.")
endif()
if (NOT "$_cmake_compiler_output" MATCHES "Emscripten")
message(FATAL_ERROR "System LLVM compiler cannot be used to build with Emscripten! Check Emscripten's LLVM toolchain location in .emscripten configuration file, and make sure to point CMAKE_C_COMPILER to where emcc is located. (was pointing to \"$CMAKE_C_COMPILER\")")
endif()
string(REGEX MATCH "clang version ([0-9\.]+)" _dummy_unused "$_cmake_compiler_output")
if (NOT CMAKE_MATCH_1)
message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to regex parse Clang compiler version from version string: $_cmake_compiler_output")
endif()
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_VERSION "$CMAKE_MATCH_1")
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION "$CMAKE_MATCH_1")
if ($CMAKE_C_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.9.0)
message(WARNING "CMAKE_C_COMPILER version looks too old. Was $CMAKE_C_COMPILER_VERSION, should be at least 3.9.0.")
endif()
endif()
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID_RUN TRUE)
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_FORCED TRUE)
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_WORKS TRUE)
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID Clang)
set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_COMPUTED_DEFAULT 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID_RUN TRUE)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_FORCED TRUE)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_WORKS TRUE)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID Clang)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_COMPUTED_DEFAULT 98)
set(CMAKE_C_PLATFORM_ID "emscripten")
set(CMAKE_CXX_PLATFORM_ID "emscripten")
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILE_FEATURES "c_function_prototypes;c_restrict;c_variadic_macros;c_static_assert")
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endif()
# To find programs to execute during CMake run time with find_program(), e.g. 'git' or so, we allow looking
# into system paths.
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
# Since Emscripten is a cross-compiler, we should never look at the system-provided directories like /usr/include and so on.
# Therefore only CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH should be used as a find directory. See http://www.cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.0/variable/CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE.html
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE ONLY)
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_PATH "$EMSCRIPTEN_ROOT_PATH/system/include")
# We would prefer to specify a standard set of Clang+Emscripten-friendly common convention for suffix files, especially for CMake executable files,
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option(EMSCRIPTEN_GENERATE_BITCODE_STATIC_LIBRARIES "If set, static library targets generate LLVM bitcode files (.bc). If disabled (default), UNIX ar archives (.a) are generated." OFF)
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SET(CMAKE_CXX_CREATE_STATIC_LIBRARY "<CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER> -o <TARGET> <LINK_FLAGS> <OBJECTS>")
else()
# Specify the program to use when building static libraries. Force Emscripten-related command line options to clang.
SET(CMAKE_C_CREATE_STATIC_LIBRARY "<CMAKE_AR> rc <TARGET> <LINK_FLAGS> <OBJECTS>")
SET(CMAKE_CXX_CREATE_STATIC_LIBRARY "<CMAKE_AR> rc <TARGET> <LINK_FLAGS> <OBJECTS>")
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SET(CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX ".js")
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set(CMAKE_C_RESPONSE_FILE_LINK_FLAG "@")
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set(EMSCRIPTEN 1 CACHE BOOL "If true, we are targeting Emscripten output.")
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function(em_validate_asmjs_after_build target)
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# depend directly on a source file. Instead, we must make a dummy no-op build target on that source file, and make the project depend on
# that target.
# Sanitate the source .js filename to a good symbol name to use as a dummy filename.
get_filename_component(jsname "$jsfile" NAME)
string(REGEX REPLACE "[/:\\\\.\ ]" "_" dummy_js_target $jsname)
set(dummy_lib_name $target_$link_js_counter_$dummy_js_target)
set(dummy_c_name "$CMAKE_BINARY_DIR/$dummy_js_target_tracker.c")
# Create a new static library target that with a single dummy .c file.
add_library($dummy_lib_name STATIC $dummy_c_name)
# Make the dummy .c file depend on the .js file we are linking, so that if the .js file is edited, the dummy .c file, and hence the static library will be rebuild (no-op). This causes the main application to be relinked, which is what we want.
# This approach was recommended by http://www.cmake.org/pipermail/cmake/2010-May/037206.html
add_custom_command(OUTPUT $dummy_c_name COMMAND $CMAKE_COMMAND -E touch $dummy_c_name DEPENDS $jsfile)
target_link_libraries($target $dummy_lib_name)
# Link the js-library to the target
# When a linked library starts with a "-" cmake will just add it to the linker command line as it is.
# The advantage of doing it this way is that the js-library will also be automatically linked to targets
# that depend on this target.
get_filename_component(js_file_absolute_path "$jsfile" ABSOLUTE )
target_link_libraries($target "$flagname \"$js_file_absolute_path\"")
math(EXPR link_js_counter "$link_js_counter + 1")
endforeach()
endforeach()
endfunction()
# This function links a (list of ) .js library file(s) to the given CMake project.
# Example: em_link_js_library(my_executable "lib1.js" "lib2.js")
# will result in emcc passing --js-library lib1.js --js-library lib2.js to the emscripten linker, as well as
# tracking the modification timestamp between the linked .js files and the main project, so that editing the .js file
# will cause the target project to be relinked.
function(em_link_js_library target)
em_add_tracked_link_flag($target "--js-library" $ARGN)
endfunction()
# This function is identical to em_link_js_library(), except the .js files will be added with '--pre-js file.js' command line flag,
# which is generally used to add some preamble .js code to a generated output file.
function(em_link_pre_js target)
em_add_tracked_link_flag($target "--pre-js" $ARGN)
endfunction()
# This function is identical to em_link_js_library(), except the .js files will be added with '--post-js file.js' command line flag,
# which is generally used to add some postamble .js code to a generated output file.
function(em_link_post_js target)
em_add_tracked_link_flag($target "--post-js" $ARGN)
endfunction()
# Experimental support for targeting generation of Visual Studio project files (vs-tool) of Emscripten projects for Windows.
# To use this, pass the combination -G "Visual Studio 10" -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=Emscripten.cmake
if ("$CMAKE_GENERATOR" MATCHES "^Visual Studio.*")
# By default, CMake generates VS project files with a <GenerateManifest>true</GenerateManifest> directive.
# This causes VS to attempt to invoke rc.exe during the build, which will fail since app manifests are meaningless for Emscripten.
# To disable this, add the following linker flag. This flag will not go to emcc, since the Visual Studio CMake generator will swallow it.
set(EMSCRIPTEN_VS_LINKER_FLAGS "/MANIFEST:NO")
# CMake is hardcoded to write a ClCompile directive <ObjectFileName>$(IntDir)</ObjectFileName> in all VS project files it generates.
# This makes VS pass emcc a -o param that points to a directory instead of a file, which causes emcc autogenerate the output filename.
# CMake is hardcoded to assume all object files have the suffix .obj, so adjust the emcc-autogenerated default suffix name to match.
set(EMSCRIPTEN_VS_LINKER_FLAGS "$EMSCRIPTEN_VS_LINKER_FLAGS --default-obj-ext .obj")
# Also hint CMake that it should not hardcode <ObjectFileName> generation. Requires a custom CMake build for this to work (ignored on others)
# See http://www.cmake.org/Bug/view.php?id=14673 and https://github.com/juj/CMake
set(CMAKE_VS_NO_DEFAULT_OBJECTFILENAME 1)
# Apply and cache Emscripten Visual Studio IDE-specific linker flags.
set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "$CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS $EMSCRIPTEN_VS_LINKER_FLAGS" CACHE STRING "")
set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "$CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS $EMSCRIPTEN_VS_LINKER_FLAGS" CACHE STRING "")
set(CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS "$CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS $EMSCRIPTEN_VS_LINKER_FLAGS" CACHE STRING "")
endif()
if (NOT DEFINED CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING_EMULATOR)
find_program(NODE_JS_EXECUTABLE NAMES nodejs node)
if(NODE_JS_EXECUTABLE)
set(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING_EMULATOR "$NODE_JS_EXECUTABLE" CACHE FILEPATH "Path to the emulator for the target system.")
endif()
endif()
# No-op on CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING_EMULATOR so older versions of cmake do not
# complain about unused CMake variable.
if(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING_EMULATOR)
endif()
【问题讨论】：
你确定你在发布模式下运行它吗？看起来 emscripten 标志将在调试模式下被忽略。 你有没有想过这个问题？ 【参考方案1】：这里需要加空格：
-G"Unix Makefiles"
这应该是：
-G "Unix Makefiles"
您可以从输出中看到它没有使用您的生成器
【讨论】：
【参考方案2】：我设法通过使用构建模板“shell脚本”添加新的构建配置来使其工作，只需将 somescript.sh 放在项目中的某个位置，其中包含您需要执行的所有命令，例如
cd build || exit
mcmake cmake ..
make
然后创建新的构建配置
构建后，我在构建目录下获得 .wsam 文件。正在使用 this 关于将 c++ 编译为 WebAssembly 的指南。
【讨论】：
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