多对多关系中的 JPA 条件查询

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【中文标题】多对多关系中的 JPA 条件查询【英文标题】:JPA criteria query in a many-to-many relationship 【发布时间】:2013-11-18 19:14:09 【问题描述】:

我在 EclipseLink 2.3.2 中使用 JPA 2.0,其中产品及其颜色之间存在多对多关系。一种产品可以有多种颜色,一种颜色可以与多种产品相关联。这种关系在数据库中用三个表来表示。

产品 prod_colour(连接表) 颜色

prod_colour 表有两个引用列 prod_idcolour_id 分别来自其相关父表 productcolour

很明显,实体类Product 有一组颜色——java.util.Set<Colour>,命名为colourSet

实体类Colour有一组产品——java.util.Set<Product>,命名为productSet

我需要从colour 表中获取颜色列表基于提供的prodId,它prod_colour 表中的颜色匹配。


对应的 JPQL 如下所示。

FROM Colour colour 
WHERE colour.colourId 
NOT IN(
SELECT colours.colourId 
     FROM Product product 
     INNER JOIN product.colourSet colours 
     WHERE product.prodId=:id) 
ORDER BY colour.colourId DESC

它会生成以下 SQL 语句。

SELECT t0.colour_id, t0.colour_hex, t0.colour_name 
FROM projectdb.colour t0 
WHERE t0.colour_id 
NOT IN (
       SELECT DISTINCT t1.colour_id 
       FROM prod_colour t3, projectdb.product t2, projectdb.colour t1 
       WHERE ((t2.prod_id = ?)
       AND ((t3.prod_id = t2.prod_id) 
       AND (t1.colour_id = t3.colour_id)))) 
ORDER BY t0.colour_id DESC

因为这又是一个运行时查询,所以最好有一个条件查询。在这种复杂的关系中,我没有洞察力来制造条件查询。

到目前为止,我有以下查询,它与前面的 JPQL 完全无关。

CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder=entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<Colour>criteriaQuery=criteriaBuilder.createQuery(Colour.class);
Metamodel metamodel = entityManager.getMetamodel();
EntityType<Colour> entityType = metamodel.entity(Colour.class);
Root<Colour> root = criteriaQuery.from(entityType);
SetJoin<Colour, Product> join = root.join(Colour_.productSet, JoinType.INNER);
ParameterExpression<Long> parameterExpression=criteriaBuilder.parameter(Long.class);
criteriaQuery.where(criteriaBuilder.equal(join.get(Product_.prodId), parameterExpression));  

TypedQuery<Colour> typedQuery = entityManager.createQuery(criteriaQuery).setParameter(parameterExpression, prodId);
List<Colour> list=typedQuery.getResultList();

如何编写与给定 JPQL 对应的条件查询?


编辑:

此条件查询:

CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder=entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<Tuple>criteriaQuery=criteriaBuilder.createQuery(Tuple.class);
Metamodel metamodel = entityManager.getMetamodel();
EntityType<Colour> entityType = metamodel.entity(Colour.class);
Root<Colour> root = criteriaQuery.from(entityType);
criteriaQuery.multiselect(root.get(Colour_.colourId));
SetJoin<Colour, Product> join = root.join(Colour_.productSet, JoinType.INNER);
ParameterExpression<Long> parameterExpression=criteriaBuilder.parameter(Long.class);
criteriaQuery.where(criteriaBuilder.equal(join.get(Product_.prodId), parameterExpression));

TypedQuery<Tuple> typedQuery = entityManager.createQuery(criteriaQuery).setParameter(parameterExpression, prodId);
List<Tuple> list = typedQuery.getResultList();

依次生成以下 SQL 查询。

SELECT t0.colour_id 
FROM projectdb.colour t0, prod_colour t2, projectdb.product t1 
WHERE ((t1.prod_id = 1) 
AND ((t2.colour_id = t0.colour_id) 
AND (t1.prod_id = t2.prod_id))))

如何将此查询关联到子查询,以便生成以下 SQL 查询?

SELECT t0.colour_id, t0.colour_hex, t0.colour_name 
FROM projectdb.colour t0 
WHERE t0.colour_id 
NOT IN (
       SELECT t0.colour_id 
       FROM projectdb.colour t0, prod_colour t2, projectdb.product t1 
       WHERE ((t1.prod_id = 1) 
       AND ((t2.colour_id = t0.colour_id) 
       AND (t1.prod_id = t2.prod_id))))
ORDER BY t0.colour_id DESC   

编辑:

以下条件查询与NOT EXISTS() 一起工作。

CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder=entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<Colour>criteriaQuery=criteriaBuilder.createQuery(Colour.class);
Metamodel metamodel = entityManager.getMetamodel();
EntityType<Colour> entityType = metamodel.entity(Colour.class);
Root<Colour> root = criteriaQuery.from(entityType);
criteriaQuery.select(root);
Subquery<Long>subquery=criteriaQuery.subquery(Long.class);
Root<Product> subRoot = subquery.from(Product.class);
subquery.select(root.get(Colour_.colourId));
Predicate paramPredicate = criteriaBuilder.equal(subRoot.get(Product_.prodId), prodId);
Predicate correlatePredicate = criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get(Colour_.productSet), subRoot);
subquery.where(criteriaBuilder.and(paramPredicate, correlatePredicate));
criteriaQuery.where(criteriaBuilder.exists(subquery).not());
criteriaQuery.orderBy(criteriaBuilder.desc(root.get(Colour_.colourId)));

TypedQuery<Colour> typedQuery = entityManager.createQuery(criteriaQuery);
List<Colour>list= typedQuery.getResultList();

但是,它会生成带有不必要/额外/冗余连接的 SQL 查询,如下所示(它返回所需的结果集,尽管看起来是这样)。

SELECT t0.colour_id, t0.colour_hex, t0.colour_name 
FROM projectdb.colour t0 
WHERE 
NOT (EXISTS (
       SELECT t0.colour_id 
       FROM prod_colour t3, projectdb.product t2, projectdb.product t1 
       WHERE (((t1.prod_id = 1) 
       AND (t1.prod_id = t2.prod_id)) 
       AND ((t3.colour_id = t0.colour_id) 
       AND (t2.prod_id = t3.prod_id)))))
ORDER BY t0.colour_id DESC

这应该是这样的,

SELECT t0.colour_id, t0.colour_hex, t0.colour_name 
FROM projectdb.colour t0 
WHERE 
NOT (EXISTS (
       SELECT t0.colour_id 
       FROM prod_colour t3, projectdb.product t2
       WHERE (((t2.prod_id = 1)) 
       AND ((t3.colour_id = t0.colour_id) 
       AND (t2.prod_id = t3.prod_id)))))
ORDER BY t0.colour_id DESC

有没有办法使用NOT IN() 子句而不是NOT EXISTS() 进行子查询并摆脱这种冗余连接?

此查询产生的冗余连接已报告为bug。

【问题讨论】:

【参考方案1】:

以下是关于NOT IN() 的条件查询(不过,我更喜欢NOT EXISTS() 而不是NOT IN())。

CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder=entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<Colour>criteriaQuery=criteriaBuilder.createQuery(Colour.class);
Metamodel metamodel = entityManager.getMetamodel();
EntityType<Colour> entityType = metamodel.entity(Colour.class);
Root<Colour> root = criteriaQuery.from(entityType);
criteriaQuery.select(root);

Subquery<Long>subquery=criteriaQuery.subquery(Long.class);
Root<Product> subRoot = subquery.from(Product.class);
subquery.select(root.get(Colour_.colourId));

Predicate paramPredicate = criteriaBuilder.equal(subRoot.get(Product_.prodId), prodId);
Predicate correlatePredicate = criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get(Colour_.productSet), subRoot);

subquery.where(criteriaBuilder.and(paramPredicate, correlatePredicate));
criteriaQuery.where(criteriaBuilder.in(root.get(Colour_.colourId)).value(subquery).not());
criteriaQuery.orderBy(criteriaBuilder.desc(root.get(Colour_.colourId)));

TypedQuery<Colour> typedQuery = entityManager.createQuery(criteriaQuery);
List<Colour> list=typedQuery.getResultList();

这会产生以下 SQL 查询。

SELECT t0.colour_id, t0.colour_hex, t0.colour_name 
FROM projectdb.colour t0 
WHERE NOT 
(t0.colour_id IN (
                 SELECT t0.colour_id 
                 FROM prod_colour t3, projectdb.product t2, projectdb.product t1 
                 WHERE (((t1.prod_id = ?) 
                 AND (t1.prod_id = t2.prod_id)) 
                 AND ((t3.colour_id = t0.colour_id) 
                 AND (t2.prod_id = t3.prod_id))))) 
ORDER BY t0.colour_id DESC

此查询返回所需的结果集。然而,它产生了一个冗余连接,可以看出,但这似乎是一个bug。


编辑:

在 Hibernate 上尝试the same query,编写此条件查询的方式看起来不正确。连接和子查询的组合会产生正确的 SQL 查询。

CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder=entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<Colour>criteriaQuery=criteriaBuilder.createQuery(Colour.class);
Metamodel metamodel = entityManager.getMetamodel();
EntityType<Colour> entityType = metamodel.entity(Colour.class);
Root<Colour> root = criteriaQuery.from(entityType);
criteriaQuery.select(root);

Subquery<Long>subquery=criteriaQuery.subquery(Long.class);
Root<Colour> subRoot = subquery.from(Colour.class);
subquery.select(subRoot.get(Colour_.colourId));
SetJoin<Colour, Product> join = subRoot.join(Colour_.productSet, JoinType.INNER);

ParameterExpression<Long> parameterExpression=criteriaBuilder.parameter(Long.class);
criteriaQuery.where(criteriaBuilder.in(root.get(Colour_.colourId)).value(subquery).not());
subquery.where(criteriaBuilder.equal(join.get(Product_.prodId), parameterExpression));
criteriaQuery.orderBy(criteriaBuilder.desc(root.get(Colour_.colourId)));

TypedQuery<Colour> typedQuery = entityManager.createQuery(criteriaQuery);
List<Colour> list = typedQuery.setParameter(parameterExpression, 1L).getResultList();

这将产生以下 SQL 查询,该查询又将委托给 mysql

SELECT t0.colour_id, t0.colour_name, t0.colour_hex
FROM projectdb.colour t0
WHERE NOT (t0.colour_id IN 
          (SELECT t1.colour_id
           FROM prod_colour t3, projectdb.product t2, projectdb.colour t1
           WHERE ((t2.prod_id = ?)
           AND ((t3.colour_id = t1.colour_id)
           AND (t2.prod_id = t3.prod_id)))))
ORDER BY t0.colour_id DESC

【讨论】:

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