如何使用自定义 WebResponse 创建 WebException

Posted 2023-02-16

【中文标题】如何使用自定义 WebResponse 创建 WebException

【英文标题】：How do you create a WebException with a custom WebResponse

【发布时间】：2013-02-20 15:31:59

【问题描述】：

我使用 MVC4 Web API 创建了一个 RESTful Web 服务。如果出现问题，我将抛出 WebException。

throw new WebException("Account not found");

这是处理异常的客户端代码：

private void webClientPost_DownloadStringCompleted(object sender, DownloadStringCompletedEventArgs e)
    
        try
        
            if (e.Error == null)
            
                // Display result
                textBoxResult.Text = e.Result;
            
            else
            
                // Display status code
                if (e.Error is WebException)
                
                    StringBuilder displayMessage = new StringBuilder();

                    WebException we = (WebException)e.Error;
                    HttpWebResponse webResponse = (System.Net.HttpWebResponse)we.Response;

                    displayMessage.AppendLine(webResponse.StatusDescription);

                    // Gets the stream associated with the response.
                    Stream receiveStream = webResponse.GetResponseStream();
                    Encoding encode = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8");

                    // Pipes the stream to a higher level stream reader with the required encoding format. 
                    StreamReader readStream = new StreamReader(receiveStream, encode);

                    displayMessage.Append(readStream.ReadToEnd());

                    readStream.Close();

                    textBoxResult.Text = displayMessage.ToString();
                
            
        
        catch (Exception ex)
        
            textBoxResult.Text = ex.Message;
        
    

如您所见，客户端代码正在显示 WebException 中包含的 HttpWebResponse。但是显示的是：

Internal Server Error "Message":"An error has occurred."

这不是我的错误信息 :-( 所以我想我会使用 Mircosoft MSDN WebException 4th Constructor 指定的 WebException 的替代构造函数

在 MSDN 示例中，他们通过以下方式创建 WebResponse：

MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream(recvBytes);
getStream = (Stream) memoryStream;

// Create a 'WebResponse' object
WebResponse myWebResponse = (WebResponse) new HttpConnect(getStream);
Exception myException = new Exception("File Not found");

// Throw the 'WebException' object with a message string, message status,InnerException and WebResponse 
throw new WebException("The Requested page is not found.", myException, WebExceptionStatus.ProtocolError, myWebResponse);

但是 .Net Framework 中不存在 HttpConnect :-(.

有谁知道如何使用特定的 WebResponse 创建 WebException？ 谢谢， 马特

【参考方案1】：

如果出现问题，我会抛出 WebException

哦，不，不要。如果您的 Web API 出现问题，请设置相应的响应状态代码。

例如：

public HttpResponseMessage Get(int id)

    var model = this.repository.Get(id);
    if (model == null)
    
        return Request.CreateErrorResponse(
            HttpStatusCode.NotFound, 
            string.Format("Sorry but we couldn't find a resource with id=0", id)
        );
    

    return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, model);

然后在客户端：

using (var client = new WebClient())

    try
    
        string result = client.DownloadString("http://example.com/api/someresources/123");
    
    catch (WebException ex)
    
        // get the status code:
        var response = (HttpWebResponse)ex.Response;
        var statusCode = response.StatusCode;
        // you could also read the response stream:
        using (var reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()))
        
            // now you could read the body
            string body = reader.ReadToEnd();
        
    

【讨论】：

您确实想使用 CreateErrorResponse 而不是 CreateResponse 以与 Web API 的其他错误消息保持一致。

@YoussefMoussaoui，说得好。我已经更新了我的答案以考虑到这一点。