在 CentOS 上为 Django 项目安装 python 3.6 mysqlclient
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【中文标题】在 CentOS 上为 Django 项目安装 python 3.6 mysqlclient【英文标题】：Install python 3.6 mysqlclient for Django project on CentOS 【发布时间】：2018-01-15 09:50:05 【问题描述】：我已经在我的 CentOS 6.9 上成功安装了一个 Django 项目。我已经在使用 python3.6 python3.6 -m venv env 创建的虚拟环境中安装了项目我已经激活了虚拟环境，现在我正在尝试使用运行应用程序；
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
当我运行此命令时，我收到以下错误；
Unhandled exception in thread started by <function check_errors.<locals>.wrapper at 0x7f7f7c5d67b8>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 26, in <module>
import MySQLdb as Database
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MySQLdb'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 228, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 117, in inner_run
autoreload.raise_last_exception()
File "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 251, in raise_last_exception
six.reraise(*_exception)
File "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 685, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 228, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 27, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 108, in populate
app_config.import_models()
File "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 202, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 978, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 961, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 950, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 655, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 205, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/softwareix/storefront/models.py", line 10, in <module>
class Brand(models.Model):
File "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 124, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
File "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 331, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 214, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 33, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 211, in __getitem__
backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
File "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 115, in load_backend
return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 978, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 961, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 950, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 655, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 205, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 30, in <module>
'Did you install mysqlclient or MySQL-python?' % e
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named 'MySQLdb'.
Did you install mysqlclient or MySQL-python?
我发现我缺少 Python mysql 扩展或驱动程序。我已尝试按照建议安装它。当我跑步时； pip install mysqlclient我明白了；
Collecting mysqlclient
Using cached mysqlclient-1.3.10.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: mysqlclient
Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... error
Complete output from command /REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-7g3likz_/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-y1mak800-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/include/site/python3.6/mysqlclient:
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
running build_ext
building '_mysql' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
gcc -pthread -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,3,10,'final',0) -D__version__=1.3.10 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/include -I/usr/local/include/python3.6m -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/_mysql.o
gcc: error trying to exec 'as': execvp: Permission denied
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Command "/REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-7g3likz_/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-y1mak800-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /REMOVED/REMOVED/python3.6/env/include/site/python3.6/mysqlclient" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-7g3likz_/mysqlclient/
这似乎不起作用。搜索互联网后，我尝试使用 yum 安装多个软件包。我尝试安装yum install python3-devel，但这不可用（No package python3-devel available.），我看到它应该在 epel 存储库中。所以我做了yum search python dev，我得到了这个；
dbus-python-devel.x86_64 : Libraries and headers for dbus-python
gstreamer-python-devel.x86_64 : Headers for developing programs that will use gstreamer-python
libimobiledevice-python.x86_64 : Python bindings for libimobiledevice
pyldb-devel.x86_64 : Development files for the Python bindings for the LDB library
python-behave.noarch : Tools for the behavior-driven development, Python style
python-cherrypy.noarch : Pythonic, object-oriented web development framework
python-cherrypy2.noarch : Pythonic, object-oriented web development framework
python-devel.x86_64 : The libraries and header files needed for Python development
python-devel.i686 : The libraries and header files needed for Python development
python-igraph-devel.x86_64 : Development files for igraph
python-imaging-devel.x86_64 : Development files for python-imaging
python-mozdevice.noarch : Mozilla-authored device management
python-pyblock.x86_64 : Python modules for dealing with block devices
python-pyldns.x86_64 : Header files, libraries and development documentation for ldns.
python-pyside-devel.i686 : Development files for python-pyside
python-pyside-devel.x86_64 : Development files for python-pyside
python-tools.x86_64 : A collection of development tools included with Python
python34-devel.i686 : Libraries and header files needed for Python 3 development
python34-devel.x86_64 : Libraries and header files needed for Python 3 development
wxPython-devel.i686 : Development files for wxPython add-on modules
wxPython-devel.x86_64 : Development files for wxPython add-on modules
python-pycxx-devel.noarch : PyCXX header and source files
这是我迄今为止尝试过的。我正在尝试让我的 Django 应用在 MySQL 上运行，但似乎没有安装扩展或模块。
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：gcc: error trying to exec 'as': execvp: Permission denied 诊断非常清楚。使用which as 验证您没有在$PATH 上放置另一个名为as 的文件。您希望能够成功编译一个简单的hello.c Hello World 程序，其中涉及gcc 生成汇编代码，以及as 将其转换为intel x86 目标代码。试试这个：
sudo yum install gcc binutils-devel
通过运行which as; as --version 并看到类似“GNU assembler (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.27”这样的横幅来验证它是否成功。
【讨论】：
运行sudo yum install gcc binutils-devel成功后； which as 显示； /usr/bin/as 对于as --version 我得到类似的东西； GNU assembler version 2.20.51.0.2-5.47.el6_9.1 20100205 .. This assembler was configured for a target of x86_64-redhat-linux'.`
呃！ - 根据这个 lynis 建议，我确实对 as 的权限有限：cisofy.com/lynis/controls/HRDN-7222【参考方案2】：
您目前没有pip install mysqlclient 的权限。由于这是 centos，您可能不想使用pip（除非您设置了virtualenv）。你想跑yum install mysql-python
【讨论】：
运行yum install mysql-python 返回； No package mysql-python available. 我想使用我使用 python 3.6 设置的 virtualenv
以root身份登录并激活virtualenv，然后运行pip install mysqlclient 我设法安装了mysqlclient。所以我只是没有权限。如何授予我的 Cpanel 用户运行 pip install mysqlclient 的权限
啊。以 root 身份安装 virtualenv 可能是您的问题。您需要查看 cpanel 以哪个用户身份运行（我认为它只是 cpanel），并授予他们对 virtualenv 的权限。我可能会做的是：执行 pip freeze 以查看安装了哪些软件包，然后使用 cpanel 用户（sudo su cpanel 或 sudo -u cpanel bash 以该用户身份打开 shell）创建一个新的 virtualenv。以上是关于在 CentOS 上为 Django 项目安装 python 3.6 mysqlclient的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
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