使用 flexbox 并保持 1:1 的纵横比,即使内容大小不同
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【中文标题】使用 flexbox 并保持 1:1 的纵横比,即使内容大小不同【英文标题】:Use flexbox and maintain a 1:1 aspect ratio even though content is sized differently 【发布时间】:2017-10-15 23:33:04 【问题描述】:关于保持元素的纵横比(有或没有 flexbox)有很多关于 SO 的问题。但是,我的问题略有不同,因为我想覆盖子图像元素的纵横比:
-
确保图片完全覆盖元素 (
object-fit: cover
)
确保元素为 1:1(即完美的圆)
确保溢出的图像被隐藏
换句话说,图像必须表现得好像它是元素的背景(但我不能将它们用作背景图像),其纵横比始终为 1:1 并且具有响应性时间>。
在下面的示例中,除了 <a>
元素适应其图像后代之外,一切正常。但我希望它们保持 1:1 的比例,这样我就能得到完美的圆圈。 (不过,第一行的中间部分必须比其他部分大。)
html 无法更改,但我可以使用现代 CSS 属性,例如 object-fit 和 flexbox。 (只要最新版本的 Chrome/Firefox 支持它。)
*,
*::before,
*::after
box-sizing: border-box;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
.img-gallery
background: #fafafa;
padding: 24px;
min-width: 320px;
width: 90%;
margin: 0 auto;
.img-gallery .row
display: flex;
flex-wrap: nowrap;
justify-content: space-around;
align-items: center;
.img-gallery a
display: block;
text-decoration: none;
background-image: linear-gradient(60deg, #004494 0%, #7db9e8 78%, #c2dfed 100%);
overflow: hidden;
border-radius: 50%;
padding: 3px;
flex: 1;
margin: 0 24px;
transition: padding 200ms;
.img-gallery a:hover,
#s_country .img-gallery .row:first-of-type a:nth-child(2):hover
padding: 0;
.img-gallery a:hover span
transform: scale(1.25);
.img-gallery .row:first-of-type a:not(:nth-child(2))
width: 30%;
width: calc((60% - 96px) / 2);
.img-gallery .row:first-of-type a:nth-child(2)
flex: 2;
padding: 4px;
.img-gallery span
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
display: block;
border-radius: 50%;
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
transition: transform 250ms;
z-index: 2;
.img-gallery img
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
object-fit: cover;
.img-gallery span::before
content: "";
background-image: linear-gradient(60deg, transparent 48%, #ffc5e7 100%);
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
position: absolute;
z-index: 2;
border-radius: 50%;
opacity: .72;
<div class="img-gallery">
<div class="row">
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/b3/9c/54/b39c54776074d07ee0b567826768730a.jpg" id="img-1-3"></span></a>
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/d6/df/51/d6df512a2f15f517767b4d82d2d97a4c.jpg" id="img-1-4"></span></a>
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/ec/a9/dd/eca9dd106a04cdbee399870252ef711f.jpg" id="img-1-5"></span></a>
</div>
<div class="row">
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/7d/01/19/7d0119a2fec989e208f288326c7cad0f.jpg" id="img-1-6"></span></a>
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/d8/c3/32/d8c332d09b03673845b2e92a48816233.jpg" id="img-1-7"></span></a>
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/88/3b/dd/883bddab14168f5f0807fec021002d8d.jpg" id="img-1-8"></span></a>
</div>
<div class="row">
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/8e/4f/bb/8e4fbb89b155d15521b80d1baf9290d1.jpg" id="img-1-9"></span></a>
</div>
</div>
说明当 Terry 的代码不起作用时的代码:风景图片。
*,
*::before,
*::after
box-sizing: border-box;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
.img-gallery
background: #fafafa;
padding: 24px;
min-width: 320px;
width: 90%;
margin: 0 auto;
.img-gallery .row
display: flex;
flex-wrap: nowrap;
justify-content: space-around;
align-items: center;
.img-gallery a
display: block;
text-decoration: none;
background-image: linear-gradient(60deg, #004494 0%, #7db9e8 78%, #c2dfed 100%);
overflow: hidden;
border-radius: 50%;
padding: 3px;
flex: 1;
margin: 0 24px;
transition: padding 200ms;
.img-gallery .row:first-of-type a:not(:nth-child(2))
width: 30%;
width: calc((60% - 96px) / 2);
.img-gallery .row:first-of-type a:nth-child(2)
flex: 2;
padding: 4px;
.img-gallery span
height: 0;
display: block;
border-radius: 50%;
position: relative;
padding-bottom: 100%;
overflow: hidden;
transition: transform 250ms;
z-index: 2;
.img-gallery img
width: 100%;
object-fit: cover;
transition: transform 250ms;
.img-gallery a:hover img
transform: scale(1.25);
.img-gallery span::before
content: "";
background-image: linear-gradient(60deg, transparent 48%, #ffc5e7 100%);
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
position: absolute;
z-index: 2;
border-radius: 50%;
opacity: .72;
<div class="img-gallery">
<div class="row">
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/b3/9c/54/b39c54776074d07ee0b567826768730a.jpg" id="img-1-3"></span></a>
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/d6/df/51/d6df512a2f15f517767b4d82d2d97a4c.jpg" id="img-1-4"></span></a>
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/ec/a9/dd/eca9dd106a04cdbee399870252ef711f.jpg" id="img-1-5"></span></a>
</div>
<div class="row">
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/7d/01/19/7d0119a2fec989e208f288326c7cad0f.jpg" id="img-1-6"></span></a>
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/d8/c3/32/d8c332d09b03673845b2e92a48816233.jpg" id="img-1-7"></span></a>
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/13/7c/3d/137c3d3bd9f25aa9d2677136d9336d74.jpg" id="img-1-8"></span></a>
</div>
<div class="row">
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/8e/4f/bb/8e4fbb89b155d15521b80d1baf9290d1.jpg" id="img-1-9"></span></a>
</div>
</div>
【问题讨论】:
所有图片都是纵向模式? (即高度>宽度) @vals 不,尺寸无法提前知道。 【参考方案1】:要保持响应式元素的纵横比,您可以使用padding technique。请注意,您不应该在 flex 子元素的底部/顶部填充上使用百分比, see here for more info. 您可以制作responsive squares 的网格并添加边框半径以使它们成为圆形。
对于图像,object-fit: cover;
属性完全符合您的需要:保持图像原始纵横比并完全覆盖元素。
我将第一张图像更改为风景图像,以显示该技术也适用于这些图像。
这是一个如何实现目标的示例(我删除了一些 CSS 以保持演示简单):
*,*::before,*::after
box-sizing: border-box;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
.img-gallery
background: #fafafa;
padding: 24px;
min-width: 320px;
width: 90%;
margin: 0 auto;
.img-gallery .row
display: flex;
flex-wrap: nowrap;
justify-content: space-around;
align-items: center;
.img-gallery a
display: block;
position:relative;
text-decoration: none;
background-image: linear-gradient(60deg, #004494 0%, #7db9e8 78%, #c2dfed 100%);
overflow: hidden;
border-radius: 50%;
flex: 1;
margin: 24px;
.img-gallery a::before
content:'';
display:block;
padding-bottom:100%;
.img-gallery .row:first-of-type a:not(:nth-child(2))
width: 30%;
width: calc((60% - 96px) / 2);
.img-gallery .row:first-of-type a:nth-child(2)
flex: 2;
.img-gallery span
position:absolute;
top:3px;left:3px;right:3px;bottom:3px;
border-radius: 50%;
overflow: hidden;
transition: transform 250ms;
.img-gallery img
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
object-fit: cover;
transition:transform 0.5s;
.img-gallery a:hover img
transform:scale(1.25);
<div class="img-gallery">
<div class="row">
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://farm7.staticflickr.com/6217/6216951796_e50778255c.jpg" id="img-1-3"></span></a>
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/d6/df/51/d6df512a2f15f517767b4d82d2d97a4c.jpg" id="img-1-4"></span></a>
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/ec/a9/dd/eca9dd106a04cdbee399870252ef711f.jpg" id="img-1-5"></span></a>
</div>
<div class="row">
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/7d/01/19/7d0119a2fec989e208f288326c7cad0f.jpg" id="img-1-6"></span></a>
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/d8/c3/32/d8c332d09b03673845b2e92a48816233.jpg" id="img-1-7"></span></a>
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/88/3b/dd/883bddab14168f5f0807fec021002d8d.jpg" id="img-1-8"></span></a>
</div>
<div class="row">
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/8e/4f/bb/8e4fbb89b155d15521b80d1baf9290d1.jpg" id="img-1-9"></span></a>
</div>
</div>
请注意,根据您需要支持的浏览器,您需要为转换和转换属性添加供应商前缀。 transforms 和 transitions 参见 canIuse。
【讨论】:
这与特里的答案之间的差异并不明显。提问者可能应该提供一些风景图片以供使用,这样您就可以展示您的图片是否可以与它们一起使用(提问者需要)。 好点@BoltClock。我将第一张图片更改为横向图片,以表明object-fit : cover;
属性也适用于这些。
哦,好东西。我也没有注意到提问者确实已经编辑以添加风景图像。【参考方案2】:
这很简单:您可以使用padding-bottom: 100%
hack 来强制设置 1:1 的纵横比。根据 CSS 规范,垂直边距/填充,当以百分比声明时,引用父宽度。这背后的逻辑从未被清楚地解释过,但我怀疑是为了防止循环计算。
无论如何,现在您知道可以使用padding-bottom: <percentage>
来强制固定纵横比;)现在我们只需将其应用于.img-gallery span
。请记住将其高度设置为 0,因为我们不再需要指定高度:
.img-gallery span
height: 0;
display: block;
border-radius: 50%;
position: relative;
padding-bottom: 100%;
overflow: hidden;
transition: transform 250ms;
z-index: 2;
p/s:我不太清楚您为什么在悬停时将 :nth-child(2n)
元素上的填充设置为 0,所以我现在将其删除。
这是一个概念验证示例:
*,
*::before,
*::after
box-sizing: border-box;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
.img-gallery
background: #fafafa;
padding: 24px;
min-width: 320px;
width: 90%;
margin: 0 auto;
.img-gallery .row
display: flex;
flex-wrap: nowrap;
justify-content: space-around;
align-items: center;
.img-gallery a
display: block;
text-decoration: none;
background-image: linear-gradient(60deg, #004494 0%, #7db9e8 78%, #c2dfed 100%);
overflow: hidden;
border-radius: 50%;
padding: 3px;
flex: 1;
margin: 0 24px;
transition: padding 200ms;
.img-gallery .row:first-of-type a:not(:nth-child(2))
width: 30%;
width: calc((60% - 96px) / 2);
.img-gallery .row:first-of-type a:nth-child(2)
flex: 2;
padding: 4px;
.img-gallery span
height: 0;
display: block;
border-radius: 50%;
position: relative;
padding-bottom: 100%;
overflow: hidden;
transition: transform 250ms;
z-index: 2;
.img-gallery img
width: 100%;
object-fit: cover;
transition: transform 250ms;
.img-gallery a:hover img
transform: scale(1.25);
.img-gallery span::before
content: "";
background-image: linear-gradient(60deg, transparent 48%, #ffc5e7 100%);
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
position: absolute;
z-index: 2;
border-radius: 50%;
opacity: .72;
<div class="img-gallery">
<div class="row">
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/b3/9c/54/b39c54776074d07ee0b567826768730a.jpg" id="img-1-3"></span></a>
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/d6/df/51/d6df512a2f15f517767b4d82d2d97a4c.jpg" id="img-1-4"></span></a>
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/ec/a9/dd/eca9dd106a04cdbee399870252ef711f.jpg" id="img-1-5"></span></a>
</div>
<div class="row">
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/7d/01/19/7d0119a2fec989e208f288326c7cad0f.jpg" id="img-1-6"></span></a>
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/d8/c3/32/d8c332d09b03673845b2e92a48816233.jpg" id="img-1-7"></span></a>
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/88/3b/dd/883bddab14168f5f0807fec021002d8d.jpg" id="img-1-8"></span></a>
</div>
<div class="row">
<a href="#" title="Show large image"><span><img itemprop="image" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/8e/4f/bb/8e4fbb89b155d15521b80d1baf9290d1.jpg" id="img-1-9"></span></a>
</div>
</div>
【讨论】:
不幸的是,这遇到了我之前遇到的问题:这仅在所有图片都具有纵向方向时才有效,而我的所有示例都巧合。在我的 OP 中,我添加了一个风景图片的示例,表明这不能按预期工作。 (跨度没有被图像覆盖。)以上是关于使用 flexbox 并保持 1:1 的纵横比,即使内容大小不同的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
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