JavaMail 从字符串发送邮件附件 - 编码 UTF-8
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【中文标题】JavaMail 从字符串发送邮件附件 - 编码 UTF-8【英文标题】:JavaMail sending mail attachment from string - encoding UTF-8 【发布时间】:2011-06-25 00:54:03 【问题描述】:我的应用程序必须发送一个文本文件,它首先必须将其生成为字符串。文本包含非 ASCII 符号,所以我希望它是 UTF-8。我尝试了很多变体,但我收到的附件只是一些问号。而且,当我发送与消息正文相同的文本时,它可以正常工作。
这是生成带有附件的 MimeBodyPart 的代码行:
String attachment = "Привет";
messageBodyPart.setContent(new String(attachment.getBytes("UTF-8"),
"UTF-8"),"text/plain; charset=UTF-8");
我还尝试使用不进行任何转换的字符串,只使用字节,现在,如您所见,我正在尝试从字节生成字符串...
我做错了什么? (而且我确实记得在另一个项目中这样做,它有效,但我不再有权访问它的源代码)。
提前谢谢你。 蒂莫菲。
更新
阅读了您的回复,经过一些不成功的实验后,我认为最好发布我的邮件代码。我有Mailer
类,它负责发送邮件,其他类可以调用它的静态sendMessage()
方法来发送消息。所有这些都在 Google App Engine 上运行。
public static void sendMessage(String to, String subject, String msgBody,
String attachment) throws AddressException, MessagingException
Properties props = new Properties();
Session mailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null);
Message msg = new MimeMessage(mailSession);
String email = "bla-bla-bla"; // userService.getCurrentUser().getEmail();
msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(email));
msg.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));
InternetAddress[] addresses = new InternetAddress("bla-bla-bla") ;
msg.setReplyTo(addresses);
msg.setSubject(subject);
Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
String fileName = cal.get(Calendar.YEAR) + "_"
+ cal.get(Calendar.MONTH) + "_"
+ cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH) + "_"
+ cal.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY) + "_"
+ cal.get(Calendar.MINUTE) + "_" + cal.get(Calendar.SECOND)
+ "_" + cal.get(Calendar.MILLISECOND) + ".txt";
// create the message part
MimeBodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
// fill message
// Here we should have the msgBody.
// Sending attachment contents for debugging only.
messageBodyPart.setText(attachment + " - 4", "UTF-8", "plain");
Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();
multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);
MimeBodyPart att = new MimeBodyPart();
att.setText(attachment, "UTF-8", "plain");
att.addHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=UTF-8");
att.setFileName(fileName);
multipart.addBodyPart(att);
// Put parts in message
msg.setContent(multipart);
Transport.send(msg);
在另一个类中调用这个东西的行是:
Mailer.sendMessage("mymail@example.com", "Test", "No body", "Привет, Я кусок текста");
奇怪的是,邮件的原始来源是(省略了看似不相关的标题):
Message-ID: <00163662e7107ccbe3049c1402fb@google.com>
Date: Sat, 12 Feb 2011 11:21:01 +0000
Subject: Pages
From: mymail@example.com
To: mymail@example.com
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=00163662e7107ccbd4049c1402fa
--00163662e7107ccbd4049c1402fa
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=KOI8-R; format=flowed; delsp=yes
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
8NLJ18XULCDxIMvV08/LINTFy9PUwSAtIDQNCg==
--00163662e7107ccbd4049c1402fa
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; name="2011_1_12_11_21_1_691.txt"
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="2011_1_12_11_21_1_691.txt"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Pz8/Pz8/LCA/ID8/Pz8/ID8/Pz8/Pw==
--00163662e7107ccbd4049c1402fa--
我只是不明白,为什么字符集与我尝试设置的字符集不同,以及它们来自何处。
【问题讨论】:
您在生成的文件中看到正确的字符编码了吗? 没有。在生成的文件中,我只看到问号。 【参考方案1】:设置内容类型为application/octet-stream
:
MimeBodyPart attachmentPart = new MimeBodyPart();
try
DataSource ds = new ByteArrayDataSource(attachment.getBytes("UTF-8"), "application/octet-stream");
attachmentPart = new MimeBodyPart();
attachmentPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(ds));
catch (Exception e)
Logger.getLogger("Blina").log(Level.SEVERE, Misc.getStackTrace(e));
attachmentPart.setFileName(fileName);
multipart.addBodyPart(attachmentPart);
// Put parts in message
msg.setContent(multipart);
【讨论】:
【参考方案2】:有类似的情况,下面的代码解决了:
MimeBodyPart att = new MimeBodyPart();
att.setFileName(MimeUtility.encodeText(fileName));
【讨论】:
【参考方案3】:如果问题出在文件名而不是正文中,以下代码在我的(希伯来语)案例中有所帮助:
MimeBodyPart attachment = new MimeBodyPart();
attachment.setFileName(MimeUtility.encodeText(filename, "UTF-8", null));
【讨论】:
在我的情况下,附件名称是日文字符集,我尝试了上面的代码行,但我收到的电子邮件中出现了垃圾字符集(既不是日文也不是 ?????)。你能帮我解决我做错的地方吗? @Akshada 您的附件名称应为 UTF-8。但它可能不是。上面的代码不会将字符串从任何编码转换为 UTF-8。它只是指定其实际编码,以便正确地将其转换为字节并返回字符串。 即使文件名包含德语变音符号 (ae) 等国际字符也无济于事【参考方案4】:这是我用来发送文件的示例代码(与编码或数据结构无关)。
BodyPart fileBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
fileBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(fileDataSource));
fileBodyPart.setFileName(attachment.getName());
fileBodyPart.setHeader("Content-Type", fileDataSource.getContentType());
fileBodyPart.setHeader("Content-ID", attachment.getName());
fileBodyPart.setDisposition(Part.INLINE);
其中fileDataSource
是javax.activation.DataSource
(文本文件将在此处),并且
fileBodyPart.setDisposition(Part.INLINE);
(PART.INLINE
表示数据源与邮件正文内联,就像 html 电子邮件一样,PART.ATTACHMENT
表示数据源是附件)。
希望这会有所帮助。
【讨论】:
问题是我没有这样的文件,我需要能够将字符串作为附件发送。 如果我没记错的话,你可以使用一个接收 InputStream 的数据源。您可以使用具有您的字符串的 InputStream 或将包含您的字符串的临时文件传递给数据源。我必须在早上给你看。 是否有描述附件文件名编码的标题?使用非拉丁文件名时,我的显示为问号。【参考方案5】:试试这个:
String attachment = "Привет";
DataSource ds = new ByteArrayDataSource(attachment, "text/plain; charset=UTF-8");
messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(ds));
更新:(完整示例)
import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.DataSource;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import javax.mail.util.ByteArrayDataSource;
public class Main
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
String attachment = "Привет";
DataSource ds = new ByteArrayDataSource(attachment, "text/plain; charset=UTF-8");
MimeBodyPart attachmentPart = new MimeBodyPart();
attachmentPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(ds));
MimeBodyPart bodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
bodyPart.setText("Hello this is some text");
MimeMultipart mp = new MimeMultipart("mixed");
mp.addBodyPart(bodyPart);
mp.addBodyPart(attachmentPart);
MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage((Session)null);
msg.setContent(mp);
msg.writeTo(System.out);
输出:
Message-ID: <1439781957.1.1297366787857.JavaMail.dnault@dnault.local>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/mixed;
boundary="----=_Part_0_1579321858.1297366787792"
------=_Part_0_1579321858.1297366787792
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Hello this is some text
------=_Part_0_1579321858.1297366787792
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
0J/RgNC40LLQtdGC
------=_Part_0_1579321858.1297366787792--
【讨论】:
我刚试了下,还是不行,...= new ByteArrayDataSource(attachment.getBytes("UTF-8") ... 你能把收到的邮件的原始出处贴出来吗? 另外,如果您在这里没有得到答案,请尝试 JavaMail 论坛。比尔香农提供了惊人的支持水平。 forums.oracle.com/forums/forum.jspa?forumID=975 原始数据源(省略开头):Content-Type:multipart/mixed;边界=.. --002354867bdc4c631e049bf21caf 内容类型:文本/纯文本;字符集=ISO-8859-1;格式=流动; delsp=yes 还没有正文 --002354867bdc4c631e049bf21caf 内容类型:文本/纯文本; charset=US-ASCII; name="2011_1_10_18_54_25_835.txt" 内容配置:附件; filename="2011_1_10_18_54_25_835.txt" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Pz8/Pz8/LCA/ID8/Pz8/ID8/Pz8/Pw== --002354867bdc4c631e049bf21caf-- 这很奇怪,因为我确实将编码设置为 UTF-8 ...setHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=UTF-8"); 不知道您的问题是否与编译器的字符编码有关? ***.com/questions/4927575/…【参考方案6】:另一种可能性:
String attachment = "älytöntä";
MimeBodyPart part = new MimeBodyPart();
part.setText(attachment, "UTF-8");
part.setDisposition("attachment");
part.setFileName("attachment.txt");
part.setHeader("Content-Transfer-Encoding", "base64");
part.setHeader("Content-type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8");
【讨论】:
【参考方案7】:这行得通:
MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(session);
msg.setFrom(sendFrom);
msg.setSubject(subject, "utf-8");
msg.setSentDate(new Date());
// create and fill the first message part
MimeBodyPart mbp1 = new MimeBodyPart();
mbp1.setContent(message,"text/plain; charset=UTF-8");
// mbp1.setContent(message,"text/html; charset=UTF-8"); // with this the attachment will fail
// create the Multipart and its parts to it
Multipart mp = new MimeMultipart();
mp.addBodyPart(mbp1);
if (attachment!=null)
// Part two is attachment
MimeBodyPart mbp2 = new MimeBodyPart();
mbp2 = new MimeBodyPart();
DataSource ds = null;
try
ds = new ByteArrayDataSource(attachment.getBytes("UTF-8"), "application/octet-stream");
catch (IOException e)
e.printStackTrace();
mbp2.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(ds));
mbp2.addHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=\"UTF-8\"");
mbp2.addHeader("Content-Transfer-Encoding", "base64");
mbp2.setFileName("attachment.txt");
mbp2.setDisposition(Part.ATTACHMENT);
mp.addBodyPart(mbp2);
// add the Multipart to the message
msg.setContent(mp);
msg.saveChanges();
// send the message
Transport.send(msg);
【讨论】:
【参考方案8】:我曾经尝试以 url 编码发送文件名。它适用于gmail
messageBodyPart.setFileName(UriUtils.encodePath(attachment.getAttachmentName(), "UTF-8"))
完整代码在这里:
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(requestMessage.getAttachments()))
MimeBodyPart messageBodyPart;
String fileName;
File file;
for (Attachment attachment : requestMessage.getAttachments())
messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
fileName = attachment.getAttachmentName();
file = new File(fileName);
FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(file, attachment.getAttachment());
messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new FileDataSource(file)));
messageBodyPart.setFileName(UriUtils.encodePath(attachment.getAttachmentName(), "UTF-8"));
messageBodyPart.setDisposition(Part.ATTACHMENT);
multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);
【讨论】:
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