使用 boto3 创建自动缩放组 amazon ec2 时出现关键错误
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【中文标题】使用 boto3 创建自动缩放组 amazon ec2 时出现关键错误【英文标题】：key error while creating autoscaling group amazon ec2 using boto3 【发布时间】：2019-02-07 21:47:16 【问题描述】：我有一个亚马逊 ec2 实例，我正在尝试创建一个自动缩放组并在其上使用 cloudwatch 指标等。
import boto3
from boto3 import Session
session = Session()
credentials = session.get_credentials()
current_credentials = credentials.get_frozen_credentials()
if current_credentials.access_key is None:
print("Access Key missing, use `aws configure` to setup")
exit()
if current_credentials.secret_key is None:
print("Secret Key missing, use `aws configure` to setup")
exit()
# VPC design for multi az deployments
globalVars =
globalVars['REGION_NAME'] = "ap-south-1"
globalVars['AZ1'] = "ap-south-1a"
globalVars['AZ2'] = "ap-south-1b"
globalVars['CIDRange'] = "10.240.0.0/23"
globalVars['az1_pvtsubnet_CIDRange'] = "10.240.0.0/25"
globalVars['az1_pubsubnet_CIDRange'] = "10.240.0.128/26"
globalVars['az1_sparesubnet_CIDRange'] = "10.240.0.192/26"
globalVars['az2_pvtsubnet_CIDRange'] = "10.240.1.0/25"
globalVars['az2_pubsubnet_CIDRange'] = "10.240.1.128/26"
globalVars['az2_sparesubnet_CIDRange'] = "10.240.1.192/26"
globalVars['Project'] = 'Key': 'Name', 'Value': 'test1'
globalVars['tags'] = ['Key': 'Owner', 'Value': 'test1',
'Key': 'Environment', 'Value': 'Test',
'Key': 'Department', 'Value': 'TestD']
# EC2 Parameters
globalVars['EC2-Amazon-AMI-ID'] = "ami-00b6a8a2bd28daf19"
globalVars['EC2-InstanceType'] = "t2.micro"
globalVars['EC2-KeyName'] = "datastructutrekey.pem"
# AutoScaling Parameters
globalVars['ASG-LaunchConfigName'] = "ASG-Demo-LaunchConfig"
globalVars['ASG-AutoScalingGroupName'] = "ASG-Demo-AutoScalingGrp"
# Creating a VPC, Subnet, and Gateway
ec2 = boto3.resource('ec2', region_name=globalVars['REGION_NAME'])
ec2Client = boto3.client('ec2', region_name=globalVars['REGION_NAME'])
vpc = ec2.create_vpc(CidrBlock=globalVars['CIDRange'])
asgClient = boto3.client('autoscaling', region_name=globalVars['REGION_NAME'])
rds = boto3.client('rds', region_name=globalVars['REGION_NAME'])
# AZ1 Subnets
az1_pvtsubnet = vpc.create_subnet(CidrBlock=globalVars['az1_pvtsubnet_CIDRange'], AvailabilityZone=globalVars['AZ1'])
az1_pubsubnet = vpc.create_subnet(CidrBlock=globalVars['az1_pubsubnet_CIDRange'], AvailabilityZone=globalVars['AZ1'])
az1_sparesubnet = vpc.create_subnet(CidrBlock=globalVars['az1_sparesubnet_CIDRange'], AvailabilityZone=globalVars['AZ1'])
# AZ2 Subnet
az2_pvtsubnet = vpc.create_subnet(CidrBlock=globalVars['az2_pvtsubnet_CIDRange'], AvailabilityZone=globalVars['AZ2'])
az2_pubsubnet = vpc.create_subnet(CidrBlock=globalVars['az2_pubsubnet_CIDRange'], AvailabilityZone=globalVars['AZ2'])
az2_sparesubnet = vpc.create_subnet(CidrBlock=globalVars['az2_sparesubnet_CIDRange'], AvailabilityZone=globalVars['AZ2'])
# Enable DNS Hostnames in the VPC
vpc.modify_attribute(EnableDnsSupport='Value': True)
vpc.modify_attribute(EnableDnsHostnames='Value': True)
# Create the Internet Gatway & Attach to the VPC
intGateway = ec2.create_internet_gateway()
intGateway.attach_to_vpc(VpcId=vpc.id)
# Create another route table for Public & Private traffic
routeTable = ec2.create_route_table(VpcId=vpc.id)
rtbAssn=[]
rtbAssn.append(routeTable.associate_with_subnet(SubnetId=az1_pubsubnet.id))
rtbAssn.append(routeTable.associate_with_subnet(SubnetId=az1_pvtsubnet.id))
rtbAssn.append(routeTable.associate_with_subnet(SubnetId=az2_pubsubnet.id))
rtbAssn.append(routeTable.associate_with_subnet(SubnetId=az2_pvtsubnet.id))
# Create a route for internet traffic to flow out
intRoute = ec2Client.create_route(RouteTableId=routeTable.id, DestinationCidrBlock='0.0.0.0/0', GatewayId=intGateway.id)
# Tag the resources
vpc.create_tags (Tags=globalVars['tags'])
az1_pvtsubnet.create_tags (Tags=globalVars['tags'])
az1_pubsubnet.create_tags (Tags=globalVars['tags'])
az1_sparesubnet.create_tags(Tags=globalVars['tags'])
az2_pvtsubnet.create_tags (Tags=globalVars['tags'])
az2_pubsubnet.create_tags (Tags=globalVars['tags'])
az2_sparesubnet.create_tags(Tags=globalVars['tags'])
intGateway.create_tags (Tags=globalVars['tags'])
routeTable.create_tags (Tags=globalVars['tags'])
vpc.create_tags (Tags=['Key': 'Name', 'Value': globalVars['Project']['Value'] + '-vpc'])
az1_pvtsubnet.create_tags (Tags=['Key': 'Name', 'Value': globalVars['Project']['Value'] + '-az1-private-subnet'])
az1_pubsubnet.create_tags (Tags=['Key': 'Name', 'Value': globalVars['Project']['Value'] + '-az1-public-subnet'])
az1_sparesubnet.create_tags(Tags=['Key': 'Name', 'Value': globalVars['Project']['Value'] + '-az1-spare-subnet'])
az2_pvtsubnet.create_tags (Tags=['Key': 'Name', 'Value': globalVars['Project']['Value'] + '-az2-private-subnet'])
az2_pubsubnet.create_tags (Tags=['Key': 'Name', 'Value': globalVars['Project']['Value'] + '-az2-public-subnet'])
az2_sparesubnet.create_tags(Tags=['Key': 'Name', 'Value': globalVars['Project']['Value'] + '-az2-spare-subnet'])
intGateway.create_tags (Tags=['Key': 'Name', 'Value': globalVars['Project']['Value'] + '-igw'])
routeTable.create_tags (Tags=['Key': 'Name', 'Value': globalVars['Project']['Value'] + '-rtb'])
# Let create the Public & Private Security Groups
elbSecGrp = ec2.create_security_group(DryRun=False,
GroupName='elbSecGrp',
Description='ElasticLoadBalancer_Security_Group',
VpcId=vpc.id
)
pubSecGrp = ec2.create_security_group(DryRun=False,
GroupName='pubSecGrp',
Description='Public_Security_Group',
VpcId=vpc.id
)
pvtSecGrp = ec2.create_security_group(DryRun=False,
GroupName='pvtSecGrp',
Description='Private_Security_Group',
VpcId=vpc.id
)
elbSecGrp.create_tags(Tags=globalVars['tags'])
pubSecGrp.create_tags(Tags=globalVars['tags'])
pvtSecGrp.create_tags(Tags=globalVars['tags'])
elbSecGrp.create_tags(Tags=['Key': 'Name', 'Value': globalVars['Project']['Value'] + '-elb-security-group'])
pubSecGrp.create_tags(Tags=['Key': 'Name', 'Value': globalVars['Project']['Value'] + '-public-security-group'])
pvtSecGrp.create_tags(Tags=['Key': 'Name', 'Value': globalVars['Project']['Value'] + '-private-security-group'])
# Add a rule that allows inbound SSH, HTTP, HTTPS traffic ( from any source )
ec2Client.authorize_security_group_ingress(GroupId=elbSecGrp.id,
IpProtocol='tcp',
FromPort=80,
ToPort=80,
CidrIp='0.0.0.0/0'
)
# Allow Public Security Group to receive traffic from ELB Security group
ec2Client.authorize_security_group_ingress(GroupId=pubSecGrp.id,
IpPermissions=['IpProtocol': 'tcp',
'FromPort': 80,
'ToPort': 80,
'UserIdGroupPairs': ['GroupId': elbSecGrp.id]
]
)
# Allow Private Security Group to receive traffic from Application Security group
ec2Client.authorize_security_group_ingress(GroupId=pvtSecGrp.id,
IpPermissions=['IpProtocol': 'tcp',
'FromPort': 3306,
'ToPort': 3306,
'UserIdGroupPairs': ['GroupId': pubSecGrp.id]
]
)
ec2Client.authorize_security_group_ingress(GroupId=pubSecGrp.id,
IpProtocol='tcp',
FromPort=80,
ToPort=80,
CidrIp='0.0.0.0/0'
)
ec2Client.authorize_security_group_ingress(GroupId=pubSecGrp.id,
IpProtocol='tcp',
FromPort=443,
ToPort=443,
CidrIp='0.0.0.0/0'
)
ec2Client.authorize_security_group_ingress(GroupId=pubSecGrp.id,
IpProtocol='tcp',
FromPort=22,
ToPort=22,
CidrIp='0.0.0.0/0'
)
# The user defined code to install WebServer & Configure them
userDataCode = """
#!/bin/bash
set -e -x
# Setting up the HTTP server
yum install -y httpd
service httpd start
chkconfig httpd on
groupadd www
usermod -a -G www ec2-user
cd /var/www/
# Set the permissions
chown -R root:www /var/www
chmod 2775 /var/www
find /var/www -type d -exec chmod 2775 +
find /var/www -type f -exec chmod 0664 +
# SE Linux permissive
# setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect=1
service httpd restart
echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > /var/www/html/phptestinfo.php
"""
# Create the Public Instance
##### **DeviceIndex**:The network interface's position in the attachment order. For example, the first attached network interface has a DeviceIndex of 0
instanceLst = ec2.create_instances(ImageId=globalVars['EC2-Amazon-AMI-ID'],
MinCount=1,
MaxCount=2,
KeyName="datastructutrekey.pem",
UserData=userDataCode,
InstanceType=globalVars['EC2-InstanceType'],
NetworkInterfaces=[
'SubnetId': az1_pubsubnet.id,
'Groups': [pubSecGrp.id],
'DeviceIndex': 0,
'DeleteOnTermination': True,
'AssociatePublicIpAddress': True,
]
)
# Create the Launch Configuration
# InstanceId = 'string'
asgLaunchConfig = asgClient.create_launch_configuration(
LaunchConfigurationName=globalVars['ASG-LaunchConfigName'],
ImageId=globalVars['EC2-Amazon-AMI-ID'],
KeyName=globalVars['EC2-KeyName'],
SecurityGroups=[pubSecGrp.id],
UserData=userDataCode,
InstanceType=globalVars['EC2-InstanceType'],
InstanceMonitoring='Enabled': False ,
EbsOptimized=False,
AssociatePublicIpAddress=False
)
# create Auto-Scaling Group
ASGSubnets = az1_pubsubnet.id + "," +az2_pubsubnet.id
asGroup=asgClient.create_auto_scaling_group(
AutoScalingGroupName=globalVars['ASG-AutoScalingGroupName'],
LaunchConfigurationName=globalVars['ASG-LaunchConfigName'],
MinSize=1,
MaxSize=3,
DesiredCapacity=2,
DefaultCooldown=120,
HealthCheckType='EC2',
HealthCheckGracePeriod=60,
Tags=globalVars['tags'],
VPCZoneIdentifier=ASGSubnets
)
asgClient.create_or_update_tags(
Tags=[
'ResourceId': globalVars['ASG-AutoScalingGroupName'],
'ResourceType': 'auto-scaling-group',
'Key': 'Name',
'Value': globalVars['Project']['Value'] + '-ASG-Group',
'PropagateAtLaunch': True
,
]
)
###### Print to Screen ########
print("VPC ID : 0".format(vpc.id))
print("AZ1 Public Subnet ID : 0".format(az1_pubsubnet.id))
print("AZ1 Private Subnet ID : 0".format(az1_pvtsubnet.id))
print("AZ1 Spare Subnet ID : 0".format(az1_sparesubnet.id))
print("Internet Gateway ID : 0".format(intGateway.id))
print("Route Table ID : 0".format(routeTable.id))
print("Public Security Group ID : 0".format(pubSecGrp.id))
print("Private Security Group ID : 0".format(pvtSecGrp.id))
print("EC2 Key Pair : 0".format(globalVars['EC2-KeyName']))
print("EC2 PublicIP : 0".format(globalVars['EC2-KeyName']))
print("RDS Endpoint : 0".format(globalVars['Endpoint']))
###### Print to Screen ########
"""
Function to clean up all the resources
"""
def cleanAll(resourcesDict=None):
# Delete the instances
ids = []
for i in instanceLst:
ids.append(i.id)
ec2.instances.filter(InstanceIds=ids).terminate()
# Wait for the instance to be terminated
waiter = ec2Client.get_waiter('instance_terminated')
waiter.wait(InstanceIds=[ids])
ec2Client.delete_key_pair(KeyName=globalVars['EC2-KeyName'])
# Delete Routes & Routing Table
for assn in rtbAssn:
ec2Client.disassociate_route_table(AssociationId=assn.id)
routeTable.delete()
# Delete Subnets
az1_pvtsubnet.delete()
az1_pubsubnet.delete()
az1_sparesubnet.delete()
# Detach & Delete internet Gateway
ec2Client.detach_internet_gateway(InternetGatewayId=intGateway.id, VpcId=vpc.id)
intGateway.delete()
# Delete Security Groups
pubSecGrp.delete()
pvtSecGrp.delete()
vpc.delete()
脚本运行良好，除了最后一行我得到以下输出
VPC ID : vpc-047839873c2b62b51
AZ1 Public Subnet ID : subnet-0c8db93f160c952b3
AZ1 Private Subnet ID : subnet-00e2068c36695cf47
AZ1 Spare Subnet ID : subnet-0521b503114f92f97
Internet Gateway ID : igw-020b3e284d591e977
Route Table ID : rtb-0e83e29fed23f6773
Public Security Group ID : sg-05bbc53b9cad2a6db
Private Security Group ID : sg-028d432258e825562
EC2 Key Pair : datastructutrekey.pem
EC2 PublicIP : datastructutrekey.pem
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\programming \autoscaling.py", line 281, in <module>
print("RDS Endpoint : 0".format(globalVars['Endpoint']))
KeyError: 'Endpoint'
我无法理解这里出现的最后一个错误 1) RDS 端点错误 为什么会出现。我登录到 https://ap-south-1.console.aws.amazon.com/vpc/home?region=ap-south-1#igws:sort=internetGatewayId 和 https://ap-south-1.console.aws.amazon.com/vpc/home?region=ap-south-1#vpcs：但我在这里找不到任何错误我已经创建了 test1-vpc，它显示给我.任何人都可以在这里指出为什么会出现此错误以及如何摆脱它。我正在创建的这些实例是 Amazon Linux 2 AMI (HVM)、SSD 卷类型，默认情况下 ap-south-1 不支持自动缩放，这可能是我出错的原因。
2）此外，当我进行控制台日志记录时，我看到 4 个实例正在运行。在 2 个实例名称为空白，而两个实例作为 test1-ASG-Group 时，为什么 2 个实例通过上面的脚本具有空白名称。这是一个截图第2点 图像中的最后 4 个实例是创建的实例编号 2,3 没有任何名称。在我看来应该存在。
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：这里的问题是 Python 编程错误，而不是您使用 AWS 的问题。
您的 globarVars dict 没有键为“Endpoint”的值，因此当您尝试访问 globalVars['Endpoint'] 时 Python 会抛出 KeyError。您需要填充一个值。
此外，您可能需要考虑使用AWS CloudFormation，而不是编写 100 行代码来构建 AWS 基础设施，它允许您编写 YAML 模板来做同样的事情。
最后，填充 globalVars 字典的首选方法是：
globalVars =
'REGION_NAME': 'ap-south-1',
'AZ1': 'ap-south-1a',
'AZ2': 'ap-south-1b',
# others here
【讨论】：
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