Spring Boot Autowired 存储库不适用于 SpringRunner 和 JPA 数据
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【中文标题】Spring Boot Autowired 存储库不适用于 SpringRunner 和 JPA 数据【英文标题】：Spring boot Autowired repository not working with SpringRunner and JPA data 【发布时间】：2017-11-13 20:20:32 【问题描述】：当我尝试运行我的测试时，我遇到了错误。我是 Spring Boot 新手，所以无法理解确切的问题。
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'api.usecase.createtask.CreateTaskTest': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'taskRepository'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'api.usecase.createtask.repository.CreateTaskRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:588)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:366)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1264)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:386)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:118)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:51)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'api.usecase.createtask.repository.CreateTaskRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1486)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1066)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:585)
... 27 more
我的单元测试
package api.usecase.createtask;
import api.model.Task;
import api.usecase.createtask.contracts.CreateTaskRequest;
import api.usecase.createtask.contracts.CreateTaskResponse;
import api.usecase.createtask.repository.CreateTaskRepository;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import java.util.List;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class CreateTaskTest
@Autowired
private CreateTaskRepository taskRepository;
@Test
public void createSuccessfulTask()
CreateTaskRequest createTaskRequest = new CreateTaskRequest();
createTaskRequest.setDescription("Wash car");
createTaskRequest.setAmount(10);
createTaskRequest.setRecurrenceType("ONE_OFF");
createTaskRequest.setStatus("NOT_COMPLETED");
CreateTaskResponse createTaskResponse = new CreateTaskResponse();
CreateTask createTask = new CreateTask(this.taskRepository);
createTask.handle(createTaskRequest, createTaskResponse);
List<Task> tasks = this.taskRepository.findAll();
tasks.forEach(System.out::println);
我的仓库类
package api.usecase.createtask.repository;
import api.model.Task;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;
@Repository
public interface CreateTaskRepository extends JpaRepository <Task, Long>
List<Task> findAll();
主应用程序文件。我还尝试了 @EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "api.usecase.createtask.repository", ConsiderNestedRepositories = true) 选项，但仍然无法正常工作。
package api;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application
public static void main(String[] args)
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
创建任务逻辑类
package api.usecase.createtask;
import api.model.Task;
import api.usecase.createtask.contracts.CreateTaskRequest;
import api.usecase.createtask.contracts.CreateTaskResponse;
import api.usecase.createtask.repository.CreateTaskRepository;
public class CreateTask
private CreateTaskRepository repository;
public CreateTask(CreateTaskRepository repository)
this.repository = repository;
public void handle(CreateTaskRequest createTaskRequest, CreateTaskResponse createTaskResponse)
Task task = new Task(
createTaskRequest.getDescription(),
createTaskRequest.getAmount(),
createTaskRequest.getRecurrenceType(),
createTaskRequest.getStatus()
);
this.repository.save(task);
型号
package api.model;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name = "CHILD_Tasks")
public class Task
@Id
@Column(name = "id")
private long id;
@Column(name = "description")
private String description;
@Column(name = "amount")
private float amount;
@Column(name = "recurrenceType")
private String recurrenceType;
@Column(name = "status")
private String status;
public Task(String description, Float amount, String recurrenceType, String status)
this.description = description;
this.amount = amount;
this.recurrenceType = recurrenceType;
this.status = status;
public void setId(long id)
this.id = id;
public long getId()
return this.id;
public void setDescription(String description)
this.description = description;
public String getDescription()
return this.description;
public void setAmount(float amount)
this.amount = amount;
public float getAmount()
return this.amount;
public void setRecurrenceType(String recurrenceType)
this.recurrenceType = recurrenceType;
public String getRecurrenceType()
return this.recurrenceType;
public void setStatus(String status)
this.status = status;
public String getStatus()
return this.status;
目录结构
应用程序属性文件
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/tasks_db
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=none
spring.jpa.show-sql = true
spring.jpa.hibernate.naming-strategy = org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
spring.h2.console.enabled=true
spring.h2.console.path=/console
spring.h2.console.settings.trace=false
spring.h2.console.settings.web-allow-others=false
Maven pom.xml 文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
<version>0.7.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
<version>$cucumber.version</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-spring</artifactId>
<version>$cucumber.version</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
<version>$cucumber.version</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<version>1.4.194</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>5.2.9.Final</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<cucumber.version>1.2.5</cucumber.version>
</properties>
<distributionManagement>
<snapshotRepository>
<id>snapshots</id>
<url>http://0.0.0.0:8081/nexus/content/repositories/snapshots</url>
</snapshotRepository>
<repository>
<id>releases</id>
<url>http://0.0.0.0:8081/nexus/content/repositories/releases</url>
</repository>
</distributionManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<skip>true</skip>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.sonatype.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>nexus-staging-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.6.3</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-deploy</id>
<phase>deploy</phase>
<goals>
<goal>deploy</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<serverId>nexus</serverId>
<nexusUrl>http://0.0.0.0:8081/nexus/</nexusUrl>
<skipStaging>true</skipStaging>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
【问题讨论】：
如果您将程序作为启动应用程序启动，是否也会发生这种情况？ 我没有检查过。我只是运行我的测试。 我收到 java.lang.IllegalArgumentException：必须至少存在一个 JPA 元模型！运行应用程序时出错。 @shivanshupatel 尝试删除 spring-data-jpa 的版本声明 尝试了创建名称为“jpaMappingContext”的 bean 时出错：调用 init 方法失败；嵌套异常是 java.lang.IllegalArgumentException：必须存在至少一个 JPA 元模型！错误。谢谢 【参考方案1】：您尚未指定您的 Spring 配置。 Spring 不知道你有什么豆子，也不知道在哪里可以找到它们。
如果您只想测试存储库，则需要添加 DataJpaTest 注释。文档：http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/api/org/springframework/boot/test/autoconfigure/orm/jpa/DataJpaTest.html
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(connection = EmbeddedDatabaseConnection.H2)
public class CreateTaskTest
...
默认情况下，它将配置一个内存嵌入式数据库，扫描 @Entity 类并配置 Spring Data JPA 存储库。常规的 @Component beans 不会被加载到 ApplicationContext 中。
数据 JPA 测试是事务性的，并在每次测试结束时回滚 默认情况下 [...]
Data JPA 测试也可以注入一个 TestEntityManager bean，它提供 专门设计的标准 JPA EntityManager 的替代方案 用于测试。如果您想在外部使用 TestEntityManager @DataJpaTests 你也可以使用 @AutoConfigureTestEntityManager 注解。 [...]
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @DataJpaTest public class ExampleRepositoryTests @Autowired private TestEntityManager entityManager; @Autowired private UserRepository repository; @Test public void testExample() throws Exception this.entityManager.persist(new User("sboot", "1234")); User user = this.repository.findByUsername("sboot"); assertThat(user.getUsername()).isEqualTo("sboot"); assertThat(user.getVin()).isEqualTo("1234");
此外，如果您需要从所有组件创建 bean，您可以使用 SpringBootTest。
我建议您阅读 Spring Boot 测试参考 (link)。 Spring 有非常好的文档。
【讨论】：
添加 JPADataTest 和 TestEntityManager 后，我得到了原因：java.lang.IllegalArgumentException：必须存在至少一个 JPA 元模型！错误。您能给我链接以查找有关弹簧配置的更多信息吗？是的，我没有添加它。 @shivanshupatel 添加 spring data jpa 依赖。 mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/… @shivanshupatel 这里是关于使用 Spring Boot 进行测试的完整文档：docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/… 谢谢，我已经在 POM 文件中找到了，不知道为什么不工作 @shivanshupatel 尝试运行mvn clean install。此外，您可以将您的 pom 添加到问题中以上是关于Spring Boot Autowired 存储库不适用于 SpringRunner 和 JPA 数据的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
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