如何创建 Spring Boot 应用程序并在 Tomcat 中将其作为 .war 运行？ [复制]
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【中文标题】如何创建 Spring Boot 应用程序并在 Tomcat 中将其作为 .war 运行？ [复制]【英文标题】：How to create a Spring Boot application and run it as .war in Tomcat? [duplicate] 【发布时间】：2021-09-20 00:55:30 【问题描述】：总结
我正在尝试从头开始创建一个基本的 Spring Boot 应用程序，构建一个 .war 文件并在 Tomcat 中运行它。我实现了在 Intellij 中运行它，但它没有在 Tomcat 中运行。
复制
我在下面解释如何重现我的问题。如果我遗漏任何相关内容，请发表评论。
如何创建项目？
使用以下选项在https://start.spring.io/ 上生成项目
点击按钮Generate。文件demo.zip 已下载。将其解压缩为目录demo。它应包含以下文件：
├── HELP.md
├── demo.iml
├── mvnw
├── mvnw.cmd
├── pom.xml
└── src
├── main
│ ├── java
│ │ └── com
│ │ └── example
│ │ └── demo
│ │ ├── DemoApplication.java
│ │ └── ServletInitializer.java
│ └── resources
│ ├── application.properties
│ ├── static
│ └── templates
└── test
└── java
└── com
└── example
└── demo
└── DemoApplicationTests.java
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>demo</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
src/main/java/com/example/demo/DemoApplication.java
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication
public static void main(String[] args)
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
src/main/java/com/example/demo/ServletInitializer.java
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;
public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer
@Override
protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application)
return application.sources(DemoApplication.class);
src/main/resources/application.properties 为空
添加带有内容的文件src/main/java/com/example/demo/HelloWorldController.java
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HelloWorldController
@RequestMapping("/")
public String index()
return "Greetings from Spring Boot!";
如何在 Intellij 中运行项目？
在 Intellij 中打开并加载 maven 项目。在菜单中选择Run 和Run 'DemoApplication'。您应该在控制台中看到类似这样的内容：
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v2.5.2)
2021-07-09 17:31:07.447 INFO 7245 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Starting DemoApplication using Java 1.8.0_292 on MY_HOST with PID 7245 (/path/to/demo/target/classes started by USER in /path/to/demo)
2021-07-09 17:31:07.451 INFO 7245 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2021-07-09 17:31:08.636 INFO 7245 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2021-07-09 17:31:08.647 INFO 7245 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat]
2021-07-09 17:31:08.648 INFO 7245 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.48]
2021-07-09 17:31:08.720 INFO 7245 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2021-07-09 17:31:08.720 INFO 7245 --- [ main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1205 ms
2021-07-09 17:31:09.214 INFO 7245 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2021-07-09 17:31:09.229 INFO 7245 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Started DemoApplication in 2.89 seconds (JVM running for 3.783)
在浏览器中打开 http://localhost:8080/。你应该看到
Greetings from Spring Boot!
如何在 Intellij 中构建 .war？
在菜单中选择View > Tool Windows > Maven 并运行生命周期clean 和package
在其他文件中，创建了一个文件target/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war。
如何在Tomcat中运行项目？
注意：我在下面使用 Docker 以使环境尽可能可重现。但是，我也尝试使用 brew 在另一台 Mac 上安装 Tomcat，但遇到了同样的问题。
在终端运行（在项目根目录下）
docker run --rm -p 8081:8080 \
-v $PWD/target/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/demo.war \
tomcat:10-jdk8
你应该得到类似这样的输出：
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.312 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version name: Apache Tomcat/10.0.8
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.315 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built: Jun 25 2021 23:05:41 UTC
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.315 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version number: 10.0.8.0
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.315 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name: Linux
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.315 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version: 5.10.25-linuxkit
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.315 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture: amd64
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.316 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home: /usr/local/openjdk-8/jre
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.316 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version: 1.8.0_292-b10
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.316 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.316 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.316 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.320 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.320 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.320 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.320 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.321 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.321 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dignore.endorsed.dirs=
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.321 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.321 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.321 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.335 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent Loaded Apache Tomcat Native library [1.2.30] using APR version [1.6.5].
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.335 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent APR capabilities: IPv6 [true], sendfile [true], accept filters [false], random [true], UDS [true].
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.339 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.initializeSSL OpenSSL successfully initialized [OpenSSL 1.1.1d 10 Sep 2019]
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.821 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.844 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Server initialization in [769] milliseconds
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.898 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.898 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/10.0.8]
09-Jul-2021 16:44:19.945 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Deploying web application archive [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/demo.war]
09-Jul-2021 16:44:21.248 INFO [main] org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner.scanJars At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
09-Jul-2021 16:44:21.315 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Deployment of web application archive [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/demo.war] has finished in [1,369] ms
09-Jul-2021 16:44:21.321 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
09-Jul-2021 16:44:21.339 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in [1494] milliseconds
注意：我希望我的应用程序的日志，即
. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.5.2) ...这里也出现了，但是不见了。
在浏览器中打开 http://localhost:8081/demo/。我期待看到
Greetings from Spring Boot!
但我明白了
我的项目或 Tomcat 配置/代码中缺少什么？如何在 Tomcat 中将 Spring Boot 应用程序作为 .war 运行？
【问题讨论】：
这也是为什么Docker镜像tomcat:latest是一个运行在OpenJDK 11 JVM上的Tomcat 9.0的原因。
***.com/a/66808062/104891 是否解释了为什么使用 Tomcat 10 会得到 404？
@piotr-p-karwasz 是的，使用 tomcat:9-jdk8 而不是 tomcat:10-jdk8 正在工作。非常感谢:)
@CrazyCoder 感谢您指出解释。
@maiermic：日志可能是空的，因为 Spring 使用 javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer。由于 Tomcat 10 不处理它，您可能会注意到的唯一一件事就是缺少日志。
【参考方案1】：
正如 cmets 中指出的那样，运行 Tomcat 9 而不是 10 可以工作
docker run --rm -p 8081:8080 \
-v $PWD/target/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/demo.war \
tomcat:9-jdk8
【讨论】：
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