为啥在将 Jedis 与 Spring Data 结合使用时,数据会以奇怪的键存储在 Redis 中?

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【中文标题】为啥在将 Jedis 与 Spring Data 结合使用时,数据会以奇怪的键存储在 Redis 中?【英文标题】:Why is data getting stored with weird keys in Redis when using Jedis with Spring Data?为什么在将 Jedis 与 Spring Data 结合使用时,数据会以奇怪的键存储在 Redis 中? 【发布时间】:2012-10-24 06:43:50 【问题描述】:

我正在将 Spring Data Redis 与 Jedis 一起使用。我正在尝试使用密钥vc:$list_id 存储散列。我能够成功插入到redis。但是,当我使用 redis-cli 检查密钥时,我看不到密钥 vc:501381。相反,我看到了\xac\xed\x00\x05t\x00\tvc:501381

为什么会发生这种情况,我该如何改变?

【问题讨论】:

【参考方案1】:

好的,在 Google 上搜索了一段时间,并在 http://java.dzone.com/articles/spring-data-redis 找到了帮助。

这是因为 Java 序列化而发生的。

redisTemplate 的密钥序列化器需要配置为StringRedisSerializer,即像这样:

<bean 
    id="jedisConnectionFactory" 
    class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory" 
    p:host-name="$redis.server" 
    p:port="$redis.port" 
    p:use-pool="true"/>

<bean 
    id="stringRedisSerializer" 
    class="org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer"/>

<bean 
    id="redisTemplate" 
    class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate"
    p:connection-factory-ref="jedisConnectionFactory" 
    p:keySerializer-ref="stringRedisSerializer"
    p:hashKeySerializer-ref="stringRedisSerializer" 
/>

现在redis中的key是vc:501381

或者像@niconic 说的那样,我们也可以将默认序列化器本身设置为字符串序列化器,如下所示:

<bean 
    id="redisTemplate" 
    class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate"
    p:connection-factory-ref="jedisConnectionFactory" 
    p:defaultSerializer-ref="stringRedisSerializer"
/>

这意味着我们所有的键和值都是字符串。但是请注意,这可能并不可取,因为您可能希望您的值不仅仅是字符串。

如果您的值是域对象,那么您可以使用 Jackson 序列化器并配置序列化器,如 here 所述,即:

<bean id="userJsonRedisSerializer" class="org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer">
    <constructor-arg type="java.lang.Class" value="com.mycompany.redis.domain.User"/>
</bean>

并将您的模板配置为:

<bean 
    id="redisTemplate" 
    class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate"
    p:connection-factory-ref="jedisConnectionFactory" 
    p:keySerializer-ref="stringRedisSerializer"
    p:hashKeySerializer-ref="stringRedisSerializer" 
    p:valueSerialier-ref="userJsonRedisSerializer"
/>

【讨论】:

如果更改所有序列化程序引用,直接更改默认序列化程序可能很有用。 请注意,如果将convertAndSendredisTemplate 一起使用,则p:keySerializerhashKeySerializer 是不够的。更改 default serializer 完成了这项工作 谢谢!因为我使用了spring boot,我通过参考这个文档解决了这个问题:***.com/questions/34201135/…【参考方案2】:

我知道这个问题已经有一段时间了,但是我最近又对这个话题做了一些研究,所以我想在这里分享一下这个“半散列”密钥是如何通过部分 spring 源代码生成的。

首先,Spring利用AOP来解析@Cacheable, @CacheEvict or @CachePut等注解。通知类是来自Spring-context依赖的CacheInterceptor,它是CacheAspectSupport的子类(也来自Spring-context)。为了便于解释,我将使用@Cacheable 作为示例,在这里查看部分源代码。

当注解为@Cacheable 的方法被调用时,AOP 会将其从CacheAspectSupport 类路由到此方法protected Collection&lt;? extends Cache&gt; getCaches(CacheOperationInvocationContext&lt;CacheOperation&gt; context, CacheResolver cacheResolver),并在其中尝试解析此@Cacheable 注解。反过来,它会导致在实现 CacheManager 中调用此方法public Cache getCache(String name)。对于这个解释,实现 CacheManage 将是RedisCacheManager(来自 Spring-data-redis 依赖项)。

如果缓存没有被命中,它将继续创建缓存。下面是来自RedisCacheManager的关键方法:

protected Cache getMissingCache(String name) 
    return this.dynamic ? createCache(name) : null;


@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
protected RedisCache createCache(String cacheName) 
    long expiration = computeExpiration(cacheName);
    return new RedisCache(cacheName, (usePrefix ? cachePrefix.prefix(cacheName) : null), redisOperations, expiration,
            cacheNullValues);

本质上,它将实例化一个RedisCache 对象。为此,它需要 4 个参数,即 cacheName、prefix(这是回答这个问题的关键参数)、redisOperation(也就是配置的 redisTemplate)、expiration(默认为 0)和 cacheNullValues(默认为 false)。下面的构造函数展示了更多关于 RedisCache 的细节。

/**
 * Constructs a new @link RedisCache instance.
 *
 * @param name cache name
 * @param prefix must not be @literal null or empty.
 * @param redisOperations
 * @param expiration
 * @param allowNullValues
 * @since 1.8
 */
public RedisCache(String name, byte[] prefix, RedisOperations<? extends Object, ? extends Object> redisOperations,
        long expiration, boolean allowNullValues) 

    super(allowNullValues);

    Assert.hasText(name, "CacheName must not be null or empty!");

    RedisSerializer<?> serializer = redisOperations.getValueSerializer() != null ? redisOperations.getValueSerializer()
            : (RedisSerializer<?>) new JdkSerializationRedisSerializer();

    this.cacheMetadata = new RedisCacheMetadata(name, prefix);
    this.cacheMetadata.setDefaultExpiration(expiration);
    this.redisOperations = redisOperations;
    this.cacheValueAccessor = new CacheValueAccessor(serializer);

    if (allowNullValues) 

        if (redisOperations.getValueSerializer() instanceof StringRedisSerializer
                || redisOperations.getValueSerializer() instanceof GenericToStringSerializer
                || redisOperations.getValueSerializer() instanceof JacksonJsonRedisSerializer
                || redisOperations.getValueSerializer() instanceof Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer) 
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
                    "Redis does not allow keys with null value ¯\\_(ツ)_/¯. "
                            + "The chosen %s does not support generic type handling and therefore cannot be used with allowNullValues enabled. "
                            + "Please use a different RedisSerializer or disable null value support.",
                    ClassUtils.getShortName(redisOperations.getValueSerializer().getClass())));
        
    

那么prefix在这个RedisCache中有什么用呢? --> 如构造函数about所示,在this.cacheMetadata = new RedisCacheMetadata(name, prefix);这个语句中使用,下面RedisCacheMetadata的构造函数显示更多细节:

/**
     * @param cacheName must not be @literal null or empty.
     * @param keyPrefix can be @literal null.
     */
    public RedisCacheMetadata(String cacheName, byte[] keyPrefix) 

        Assert.hasText(cacheName, "CacheName must not be null or empty!");
        this.cacheName = cacheName;
        this.keyPrefix = keyPrefix;

        StringRedisSerializer stringSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();

        // name of the set holding the keys
        this.setOfKnownKeys = usesKeyPrefix() ? new byte[]  : stringSerializer.serialize(cacheName + "~keys");
        this.cacheLockName = stringSerializer.serialize(cacheName + "~lock");
    

此时,我们知道一些前缀参数已设置为RedisCacheMetadata,但是这个前缀究竟是如何用于构成Redis中的键的(例如,\xac\xed\x00\x05t\x00\tvc:你提到的501381)?

基本上,CacheInterceptor 随后会向前调用上述RedisCache 对象的private RedisCacheKey getRedisCacheKey(Object key) 方法,该方法通过利用前缀 中的前缀 返回RedisCacheKey 的实例RedisCacheMetadata 和来自 RedisOperation 的 keySerializer。

private RedisCacheKey getRedisCacheKey(Object key) 
    return new RedisCacheKey(key).usePrefix(this.cacheMetadata.getKeyPrefix())
            .withKeySerializer(redisOperations.getKeySerializer());

到此为止,CacheInterceptor 的“pre”advice 就完成了,它会继续执行@Cacheable 注释的实际方法。并且在完成实际方法的执行后,它会做CacheInterceptor 的“post”advice,本质上是把结果放到RedisCache。下面是将结果放入redis缓存的方法:

public void put(final Object key, final Object value) 

    put(new RedisCacheElement(getRedisCacheKey(key), toStoreValue(value))
            .expireAfter(cacheMetadata.getDefaultExpiration()));


/**
 * Add the element by adding @link RedisCacheElement#get() at @link RedisCacheElement#getKeyBytes(). If the cache
 * previously contained a mapping for this @link RedisCacheElement#getKeyBytes(), the old value is replaced by
 * @link RedisCacheElement#get().
 *
 * @param element must not be @literal null.
 * @since 1.5
 */
public void put(RedisCacheElement element) 

    Assert.notNull(element, "Element must not be null!");

    redisOperations
            .execute(new RedisCachePutCallback(new BinaryRedisCacheElement(element, cacheValueAccessor), cacheMetadata));

RedisCachePutCallback对象内部,它的回调方法doInRedis()实际上调用了一个方法来形成redis中的实际key,方法名是getKeyBytes(),来自RedisCacheKey实例。下面展示了这个方法的细节:

/**
 * Get the @link Byte representation of the given key element using prefix if available.
 */
public byte[] getKeyBytes() 

    byte[] rawKey = serializeKeyElement();
    if (!hasPrefix()) 
        return rawKey;
    

    byte[] prefixedKey = Arrays.copyOf(prefix, prefix.length + rawKey.length);
    System.arraycopy(rawKey, 0, prefixedKey, prefix.length, rawKey.length);

    return prefixedKey;

正如我们在 getKeyBytes 方法中看到的那样,它同时使用原始密钥(在您的情况下为 vc:501381)和前缀密钥(在您的情况下为 \xac\xed\x00\x05t\x00\t)。

【讨论】:

解释得很好。【参考方案3】:

这是一个非常古老的问题,但我的回答可能对在使用 Redis using Spring Boot 时遇到同样问题的人有所帮助。在 redis 中存储哈希类型数据时,我遇到了同样的问题。我已经为RedisTemplate 编写了所需的配置文件更改。

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.redis")
public class AppCofiguration 

    @Bean
    JedisConnectionFactory jedisConnectionFactory() 
        JedisConnectionFactory jedisConFactory = new JedisConnectionFactory();
        jedisConFactory.setHostName("127.0.0.1");
        jedisConFactory.setPort(6379);
        return jedisConFactory;
    

    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate() 
        final RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<String, Object>();
        template.setConnectionFactory(jedisConnectionFactory());
        template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        template.setValueSerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());

        // the following is not required      
        template.setHashValueSerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        template.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());

        return template;
    


如果数据类型是字符串,则不需要template.setHashValueSerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());template.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());

【讨论】:

是的,它会起作用,但这会产生与开始使用 StringRedisTemplate 完全相同的行为,除了它涉及冗余配置。【参考方案4】:

使用StringRedisTemplate 替换RedisTemplate

默认情况下,RedisTemplate 使用 Java 序列化,StringRedisTemplate 使用 StringRedisSerializer

<bean id="stringRedisTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate">
    <property name="connectionFactory" ref="jedisConnectionFactory" />
</bean>

【讨论】:

这是准确的答案。 RedisTemplate 使用 Java 序列化,因此确保您的类是用“implements java.io.Serializable”编写的,这就足够了。 这仅适用于您的 也是字符串的情况,因为 StringRedisTemplate 仅支持字符串值。【参考方案5】:

你必须序列化你发送到 redis 的对象。下面是它的完整运行示例。它使用接口DomainObject作为Serializable

以下是步骤

1) 使用以下 jars 制作您的 maven pom.xml

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>$spring.version</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>$spring.version</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>cglib</groupId>
        <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-data-redis</artifactId>
           <version>1.3.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

            <dependency>
               <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
               <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
               <version>2.4.1</version>
            </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
        <version>2.0</version>
    </dependency>

2) 使您的配置 xml 如下

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
        xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
        xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans     
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd">



    <bean id="jeidsConnectionFactory"
      class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory"
      p:host-name="localhost" p:port="6379" p:password="" />

     <bean id="redisTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate"
      p:connection-factory-ref="jeidsConnectionFactory" />

     <bean id="imageRepository" class="com.self.common.api.poc.ImageRepository">
      <property name="redisTemplate" ref="redisTemplate"/>
     </bean>

</beans>

3) 使你的类如下

package com.self.common.api.poc;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;

public class RedisMainApp 

 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException 
  ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml");
  ImageRepository imageRepository = (ImageRepository) applicationContext.getBean("imageRepository");

  BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(new File("files/img/TestImage.png"));
  BufferedImage newImg;
  String imagestr;
  imagestr = encodeToString(img, "png");
  Image image1 = new Image("1", imagestr);

  img = ImageIO.read(new File("files/img/TestImage2.png"));
  imagestr = encodeToString(img, "png");
  Image image2 = new Image("2", imagestr);

  imageRepository.put(image1);
  System.out.println(" Step 1 output : " + imageRepository.getObjects());
  imageRepository.put(image2);
  System.out.println(" Step 2 output : " + imageRepository.getObjects());
  imageRepository.delete(image1);
  System.out.println(" Step 3 output : " + imageRepository.getObjects());

 

 /**
  * Decode string to image
  * @param imageString The string to decode
  * @return decoded image
  */
 public static BufferedImage decodeToImage(String imageString) 

     BufferedImage image = null;
     byte[] imageByte;
     try 
         BASE64Decoder decoder = new BASE64Decoder();
         imageByte = decoder.decodeBuffer(imageString);
         ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(imageByte);
         image = ImageIO.read(bis);
         bis.close();
      catch (Exception e) 
         e.printStackTrace();
     
     return image;
 

 /**
  * Encode image to string
  * @param image The image to encode
  * @param type jpeg, bmp, ...
  * @return encoded string
  */
 public static String encodeToString(BufferedImage image, String type) 
     String imageString = null;
     ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

     try 
         ImageIO.write(image, type, bos);
         byte[] imageBytes = bos.toByteArray();

         BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
         imageString = encoder.encode(imageBytes);

         bos.close();
      catch (IOException e) 
         e.printStackTrace();
     
     return imageString;
 


package com.self.common.api.poc;

public class Image implements DomainObject 

 public static final String OBJECT_KEY = "IMAGE";

 public Image() 
 

 public Image(String imageId, String imageAsStringBase64)
  this.imageId = imageId;
  this.imageAsStringBase64 = imageAsStringBase64;
 
 private String imageId;
 private String imageAsStringBase64;

 public String getImageId() 
  return imageId;
 

 public void setImageId(String imageId) 
  this.imageId = imageId;
 

 public String getImageName() 
  return imageAsStringBase64;
 

 public void setImageName(String imageAsStringBase64) 
  this.imageAsStringBase64 = imageAsStringBase64;
 

 @Override
 public String toString() 
  return "User [id=" + imageAsStringBase64 + ", imageAsBase64String=" + imageAsStringBase64 + "]";
 

 @Override
 public String getKey() 
  return getImageId();
 

 @Override
 public String getObjectKey() 
  return OBJECT_KEY;
 


package com.self.common.api.poc;

import java.io.Serializable;

public interface DomainObject extends Serializable 

 String getKey();

 String getObjectKey();


package com.self.common.api.poc;

import java.util.List;

import com.self.common.api.poc.DomainObject;

public interface Repository<V extends DomainObject> 

 void put(V obj);

 V get(V key);

 void delete(V key);

 List<V> getObjects();


package com.self.common.api.poc;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;

import com.self.common.api.poc.DomainObject;

public class ImageRepository implements Repository<Image>

 @Autowired
 private RedisTemplate<String,Image> redisTemplate;

 public RedisTemplate<String,Image> getRedisTemplate() 
  return redisTemplate;
 

 public void setRedisTemplate(RedisTemplate<String,Image> redisTemplate) 
  this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate;
 

 @Override
 public void put(Image image) 
  redisTemplate.opsForHash()
    .put(image.getObjectKey(), image.getKey(), image);
 

 @Override
 public void delete(Image key) 
  redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(key.getObjectKey(), key.getKey());
 

 @Override
 public Image get(Image key) 
  return (Image) redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(key.getObjectKey(),
    key.getKey());
 

 @Override
 public List<Image> getObjects() 
  List<Image> users = new ArrayList<Image>();
  for (Object user : redisTemplate.opsForHash().values(Image.OBJECT_KEY) )
   users.add((Image) user);
  
  return users;
 


有关 srinf jedis 的更多参考,您可以查看http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2012/06/using-redis-with-spring.html

示例代码取自http://javakart.blogspot.in/2012/12/spring-data-redis-hello-world-example.html

【讨论】:

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