Linux 非阻塞 fifo(按需日志记录)
Posted
技术标签:
【中文标题】Linux 非阻塞 fifo(按需日志记录)【英文标题】:Linux non-blocking fifo (on demand logging) 【发布时间】:2011-11-13 16:47:00 【问题描述】:我喜欢“按需”记录程序输出。例如。输出记录到终端,但另一个进程可以随时挂接当前输出。
经典的方法是:
myprogram 2>&1 | tee /tmp/mylog
随需应变
tail /tmp/mylog
但是,即使在驱动器空间用完之前不使用,这也会创建一个不断增长的日志文件。所以我的尝试是:
mkfifo /tmp/mylog
myprogram 2>&1 | tee /tmp/mylog
随需应变
cat /tmp/mylog
现在我可以随时阅读 /tmp/mylog。但是,在读取 /tmp/mylog 之前,任何输出都会阻塞程序。我喜欢先进先出刷新任何未读回的传入数据。该怎么做?
【问题讨论】:
好吧,虽然有几个答案可以绕过日志记录的非阻塞 fifo 问题(使用 logrotate、screen 等),但对于大多数用途来说效果很好,但原始问题似乎无法通过简单的 bash 魔法来解决。因此,也许正确的答案是“做不到”。赏金用于实现小缺失工具的答案。 看来魔法确实存在;看我的回答。 【参考方案1】:受您的问题启发,我编写了一个简单的程序,可以让您这样做:
$ myprogram 2>&1 | ftee /tmp/mylog
它的行为与tee
类似,但将标准输入克隆到标准输出和命名管道(现在是必需的)而不会阻塞。这意味着如果您想以这种方式记录,您可能会丢失日志数据,但我想这在您的场景中是可以接受的。
诀窍是阻止 SIGPIPE
信号并忽略写入损坏的 fifo 时的错误。 当然,这个示例可以通过各种方式进行优化,但到目前为止,我猜它已经完成了工作。
/* ftee - clone stdin to stdout and to a named pipe
(c) racic@***
WTFPL Licence */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
int readfd, writefd;
struct stat status;
char *fifonam;
char buffer[BUFSIZ];
ssize_t bytes;
signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
if(2!=argc)
printf("Usage:\n someprog 2>&1 | %s FIFO\n FIFO - path to a"
" named pipe, required argument\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
fifonam = argv[1];
readfd = open(fifonam, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
if(-1==readfd)
perror("ftee: readfd: open()");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
if(-1==fstat(readfd, &status))
perror("ftee: fstat");
close(readfd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
if(!S_ISFIFO(status.st_mode))
printf("ftee: %s in not a fifo!\n", fifonam);
close(readfd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
writefd = open(fifonam, O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
if(-1==writefd)
perror("ftee: writefd: open()");
close(readfd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
close(readfd);
while(1)
bytes = read(STDIN_FILENO, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
if (bytes < 0 && errno == EINTR)
continue;
if (bytes <= 0)
break;
bytes = write(STDOUT_FILENO, buffer, bytes);
if(-1==bytes)
perror("ftee: writing to stdout");
bytes = write(writefd, buffer, bytes);
if(-1==bytes);//Ignoring the errors
close(writefd);
return(0);
你可以用这个标准命令编译它:
$ gcc ftee.c -o ftee
您可以通过运行例如:
快速验证它$ ping www.google.com | ftee /tmp/mylog
$ cat /tmp/mylog
另请注意 - 这不是多路复用器。一次只能有一个进程执行$ cat /tmp/mylog
。
【讨论】:
按预期工作。很好!如果事实证明没有仅限 bash 的解决方案,那么您将获得赏金。而且我们必须使您的工具成为 GNU 标准的工具,随每个 vanilla 发行版一起提供...... 你想要实现的目标并不常见,这种方法适用于构建应用程序时。对于大多数情况,tail -f logfile.log
工作得很好。
我认为这对于任何无人看管的长期运行程序都非常有用,只要没有问题,它就可以生成大量没有任何意义的 dbeug 输出。例如,考虑单一用途的嵌入式设备。如果系统多年无人看管,日志文件就不是很有用。甚至可能有一个只读文件系统来保护嵌入式功能免受 fs 垃圾和断电的影响。所以日志文件没有意义。
对于嵌入式设备,我现在解决它就像我上面的 BusyBox 回答一样,效果很好。但我并没有将我的问题限制在此类系统上,所以这是一个解决方案。一个非常好的工具!
@racic:哇!!!这些天你真的看不到多少C。如果可以的话,我会给你 10 分,所以我也为你的评论 +1。【参考方案2】:
为了跟随 Fabraxia 的脚步,我将分享我对 racic 代码的小修改。在我的一个用例中,我需要禁止对STDOUT
的写入,因此我添加了另一个参数:swallow_stdout
。如果那不是0
,那么输出到STDOUT
将被关闭。
由于我不是 C
编码器,我在阅读代码时添加了 cmets,也许它们对其他人有用。
/* ftee - clone stdin to stdout and to a named pipe
(c) racic@***
WTFPL Licence */
// gcc /tmp/ftee.c -o /usr/local/bin/ftee
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
int readfd, writefd; // read & write file descriptors
struct stat status; // read file descriptor status
char *fifonam; // name of the pipe
int swallow_stdout; // 0 = write to STDOUT
char buffer[BUFSIZ]; // read/write buffer
ssize_t bytes; // bytes read/written
signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
if(3!=argc)
printf("Usage:\n someprog 2>&1 | %s [FIFO] [swallow_stdout] \n"
"FIFO - path to a named pipe (created beforehand with mkfifo), required argument\n"
"swallow_stdout - 0 = output to PIPE and STDOUT, 1 = output to PIPE only, required argument\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
fifonam = argv[1];
swallow_stdout = atoi(argv[2]);
readfd = open(fifonam, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK); // open read file descriptor in non-blocking mode
if(-1==readfd) // read descriptor error!
perror("ftee: readfd: open()");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
if(-1==fstat(readfd, &status)) // read descriptor status error! (?)
perror("ftee: fstat");
close(readfd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
if(!S_ISFIFO(status.st_mode)) // read descriptor is not a FIFO error!
printf("ftee: %s in not a fifo!\n", fifonam);
close(readfd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
writefd = open(fifonam, O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK); // open write file descriptor non-blocking
if(-1==writefd) // write file descriptor error!
perror("ftee: writefd: open()");
close(readfd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
close(readfd); // reading complete, close read file descriptor
while(1) // infinite loop
bytes = read(STDIN_FILENO, buffer, sizeof(buffer)); // read STDIN into buffer
if (bytes < 0 && errno == EINTR)
continue; // skip over errors
if (bytes <= 0)
break; // no more data coming in or uncaught error, let's quit since we can't write anything
if (swallow_stdout == 0)
bytes = write(STDOUT_FILENO, buffer, bytes); // write buffer to STDOUT
if(-1==bytes) // write error!
perror("ftee: writing to stdout");
bytes = write(writefd, buffer, bytes); // write a copy of the buffer to the write file descriptor
if(-1==bytes);// ignore errors
close(writefd); // close write file descriptor
return(0); // return exit code 0
【讨论】:
【参考方案3】:日志记录可以定向到 UDP 套接字。由于 UDP 是无连接的,它不会阻塞发送程序。当然,如果接收方或网络跟不上,日志会丢失。
myprogram 2>&1 | socat - udp-datagram:localhost:3333
那么当你想观察日志时:
socat udp-recv:3333 -
还有其他一些很酷的好处,例如能够同时附加多个侦听器或广播到多个设备。
【讨论】:
【参考方案4】:如果您的进程写入任何日志文件,然后擦除文件并不时重新启动,因此它不会变得太大,或者使用logrotate
。
tail --follow=name --retry my.log
这就是你所需要的。您将获得与终端一样多的回滚。
不需要任何非标准的东西。我没有用小日志文件尝试过,但我们所有的日志都像这样轮换,我从来没有注意到丢失的行。
【讨论】:
此方法的一个优点是,如果您在 vi 中打开日志,并且在后台将其删除,则整个文件将保留在磁盘上,直到您完成它为止。如果您减少日志,您可以按照它被附加到。【参考方案5】:这是一个(非常)旧的线程,但我最近遇到了类似的问题。事实上,我需要的是将 stdin 克隆到 stdout 并复制到非阻塞管道。第一个答案中提议的 ftee 确实有帮助,但(对于我的用例)太不稳定了。这意味着我丢失了如果我及时得到它可以处理的数据。
我遇到的情况是我有一个进程(some_process),它聚合一些数据并每三秒将其结果写入标准输出。 (简化的)设置看起来像这样(在实际设置中我使用的是命名管道):
some_process | ftee >(onlineAnalysis.pl > results) | gzip > raw_data.gz
现在,raw_data.gz 必须被压缩并且必须是完整的。 ftee 很好地完成了这项工作。但是我在中间使用的管道太慢了,无法抓取刷新出来的数据 - 但它足够快,可以处理所有事情,如果它可以到达它,这是用普通三通测试的。但是,如果未命名的管道发生任何事情,普通的 tee 会阻塞,并且因为我希望能够按需挂接,所以 tee 不是一个选项。回到正题:中间放一个缓冲就更好了,结果是:
some_process | ftee >(mbuffer -m 32M| onlineAnalysis.pl > results) | gzip > raw_data.gz
但这仍然会丢失我本可以处理的数据。所以我继续将之前提出的 ftee 扩展为缓冲版本 (bftee)。它仍然具有所有相同的属性,但使用(低效?)内部缓冲区以防写入失败。如果缓冲区已满,它仍然会丢失数据,但它非常适合我的情况。与往常一样,还有很大的改进空间,但是当我从这里复制代码时,我想将其分享给可能有用的人。
/* bftee - clone stdin to stdout and to a buffered, non-blocking pipe
(c) racic@***
(c) fabraxias@***
WTFPL Licence */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
// the number of sBuffers that are being held at a maximum
#define BUFFER_SIZE 4096
#define BLOCK_SIZE 2048
typedef struct
char data[BLOCK_SIZE];
int bytes;
sBuffer;
typedef struct
sBuffer *data; //array of buffers
int bufferSize; // number of buffer in data
int start; // index of the current start buffer
int end; // index of the current end buffer
int active; // number of active buffer (currently in use)
int maxUse; // maximum number of buffers ever used
int drops; // number of discarded buffer due to overflow
int sWrites; // number of buffer written to stdout
int pWrites; // number of buffers written to pipe
sQueue;
void InitQueue(sQueue*, int); // initialized the Queue
void PushToQueue(sQueue*, sBuffer*, int); // pushes a buffer into Queue at the end
sBuffer *RetrieveFromQueue(sQueue*); // returns the first entry of the buffer and removes it or NULL is buffer is empty
sBuffer *PeakAtQueue(sQueue*); // returns the first entry of the buffer but does not remove it. Returns NULL on an empty buffer
void ShrinkInQueue(sQueue *queue, int); // shrinks the first entry of the buffer by n-bytes. Buffer is removed if it is empty
void DelFromQueue(sQueue *queue); // removes the first entry of the queue
static void sigUSR1(int); // signal handled for SUGUSR1 - used for stats output to stderr
static void sigINT(int); // signla handler for SIGKILL/SIGTERM - allows for a graceful stop ?
sQueue queue; // Buffer storing the overflow
volatile int quit; // for quiting the main loop
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
int readfd, writefd;
struct stat status;
char *fifonam;
sBuffer buffer;
ssize_t bytes;
int bufferSize = BUFFER_SIZE;
signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
signal(SIGUSR1, sigUSR1);
signal(SIGTERM, sigINT);
signal(SIGINT, sigINT);
/** Handle commandline args and open the pipe for non blocking writing **/
if(argc < 2 || argc > 3)
printf("Usage:\n someprog 2>&1 | %s FIFO [BufferSize]\n"
"FIFO - path to a named pipe, required argument\n"
"BufferSize - temporary Internal buffer size in case write to FIFO fails\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
fifonam = argv[1];
if (argc == 3)
bufferSize = atoi(argv[2]);
if (bufferSize == 0) bufferSize = BUFFER_SIZE;
readfd = open(fifonam, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
if(-1==readfd)
perror("bftee: readfd: open()");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
if(-1==fstat(readfd, &status))
perror("bftee: fstat");
close(readfd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
if(!S_ISFIFO(status.st_mode))
printf("bftee: %s in not a fifo!\n", fifonam);
close(readfd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
writefd = open(fifonam, O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
if(-1==writefd)
perror("bftee: writefd: open()");
close(readfd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
close(readfd);
InitQueue(&queue, bufferSize);
quit = 0;
while(!quit)
// read from STDIN
bytes = read(STDIN_FILENO, buffer.data, sizeof(buffer.data));
// if read failed due to interrupt, then retry, otherwise STDIN has closed and we should stop reading
if (bytes < 0 && errno == EINTR) continue;
if (bytes <= 0) break;
// save the number if read bytes in the current buffer to be processed
buffer.bytes = bytes;
// this is a blocking write. As long as buffer is smaller than 4096 Bytes, the write is atomic to a pipe in Linux
// thus, this cannot be interrupted. however, to be save this should handle the error cases of partial or interrupted write none the less.
bytes = write(STDOUT_FILENO, buffer.data, buffer.bytes);
queue.sWrites++;
if(-1==bytes)
perror("ftee: writing to stdout");
break;
sBuffer *tmpBuffer = NULL;
// if the queue is empty (tmpBuffer gets set to NULL) the this does nothing - otherwise it tries to write
// the buffered data to the pipe. This continues until the Buffer is empty or the write fails.
// NOTE: bytes cannot be -1 (that would have failed just before) when the loop is entered.
while ((bytes != -1) && (tmpBuffer = PeakAtQueue(&queue)) != NULL)
// write the oldest buffer to the pipe
bytes = write(writefd, tmpBuffer->data, tmpBuffer->bytes);
// the written bytes are equal to the buffer size, the write is successful - remove the buffer and continue
if (bytes == tmpBuffer->bytes)
DelFromQueue(&queue);
queue.pWrites++;
else if (bytes > 0)
// on a positive bytes value there was a partial write. we shrink the current buffer
// and handle this as a write failure
ShrinkInQueue(&queue, bytes);
bytes = -1;
// There are several cases here:
// 1.) The Queue is empty -> bytes is still set from the write to STDOUT. in this case, we try to write the read data directly to the pipe
// 2.) The Queue was not empty but is now -> bytes is set from the last write (which was successful) and is bigger 0. also try to write the data
// 3.) The Queue was not empty and still is not -> there was a write error before (even partial), and bytes is -1. Thus this line is skipped.
if (bytes != -1) bytes = write(writefd, buffer.data, buffer.bytes);
// again, there are several cases what can happen here
// 1.) the write before was successful -> in this case bytes is equal to buffer.bytes and nothing happens
// 2.) the write just before is partial or failed all together - bytes is either -1 or smaller than buffer.bytes -> add the remaining data to the queue
// 3.) the write before did not happen as the buffer flush already had an error. In this case bytes is -1 -> add the remaining data to the queue
if (bytes != buffer.bytes)
PushToQueue(&queue, &buffer, bytes);
else
queue.pWrites++;
// once we are done with STDIN, try to flush the buffer to the named pipe
if (queue.active > 0)
//set output buffer to block - here we wait until we can write everything to the named pipe
// --> this does not seem to work - just in case there is a busy loop that waits for buffer flush aswell.
int saved_flags = fcntl(writefd, F_GETFL);
int new_flags = saved_flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
int res = fcntl(writefd, F_SETFL, new_flags);
sBuffer *tmpBuffer = NULL;
//TODO: this does not handle partial writes yet
while ((tmpBuffer = PeakAtQueue(&queue)) != NULL)
int bytes = write(writefd, tmpBuffer->data, tmpBuffer->bytes);
if (bytes != -1) DelFromQueue(&queue);
close(writefd);
/** init a given Queue **/
void InitQueue (sQueue *queue, int bufferSize)
queue->data = calloc(bufferSize, sizeof(sBuffer));
queue->bufferSize = bufferSize;
queue->start = 0;
queue->end = 0;
queue->active = 0;
queue->maxUse = 0;
queue->drops = 0;
queue->sWrites = 0;
queue->pWrites = 0;
/** push a buffer into the Queue**/
void PushToQueue(sQueue *queue, sBuffer *p, int offset)
if (offset < 0) offset = 0; // offset cannot be smaller than 0 - if that is the case, we were given an error code. Set it to 0 instead
if (offset == p->bytes) return; // in this case there are 0 bytes to add to the queue. Nothing to write
// this should never happen - offset cannot be bigger than the buffer itself. Panic action
if (offset > p->bytes) perror("got more bytes to buffer than we read\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
// debug output on a partial write. TODO: remove this line
// if (offset > 0 ) fprintf(stderr, "partial write to buffer\n");
// copy the data from the buffer into the queue and remember its size
memcpy(queue->data[queue->end].data, p->data + offset , p->bytes-offset);
queue->data[queue->end].bytes = p->bytes - offset;
// move the buffer forward
queue->end = (queue->end + 1) % queue->bufferSize;
// there is still space in the buffer
if (queue->active < queue->bufferSize)
queue->active++;
if (queue->active > queue->maxUse) queue->maxUse = queue->active;
else
// Overwriting the oldest. Move start to next-oldest
queue->start = (queue->start + 1) % queue->bufferSize;
queue->drops++;
/** return the oldest entry in the Queue and remove it or return NULL in case the Queue is empty **/
sBuffer *RetrieveFromQueue(sQueue *queue)
if (!queue->active) return NULL;
queue->start = (queue->start + 1) % queue->bufferSize;
queue->active--;
return &(queue->data[queue->start]);
/** return the oldest entry in the Queue or NULL if the Queue is empty. Does not remove the entry **/
sBuffer *PeakAtQueue(sQueue *queue)
if (!queue->active) return NULL;
return &(queue->data[queue->start]);
/*** Shrinks the oldest entry i the Queue by bytes. Removes the entry if buffer of the oldest entry runs empty*/
void ShrinkInQueue(sQueue *queue, int bytes)
// cannot remove negative amount of bytes - this is an error case. Ignore it
if (bytes <= 0) return;
// remove the entry if the offset is equal to the buffer size
if (queue->data[queue->start].bytes == bytes)
DelFromQueue(queue);
return;
;
// this is a partial delete
if (queue->data[queue->start].bytes > bytes)
//shift the memory by the offset
memmove(queue->data[queue->start].data, queue->data[queue->start].data + bytes, queue->data[queue->start].bytes - bytes);
queue->data[queue->start].bytes = queue->data[queue->start].bytes - bytes;
return;
// panic is the are to remove more than we have the buffer
if (queue->data[queue->start].bytes < bytes)
perror("we wrote more than we had - this should never happen\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
return;
/** delete the oldest entry from the queue. Do nothing if the Queue is empty **/
void DelFromQueue(sQueue *queue)
if (queue->active > 0)
queue->start = (queue->start + 1) % queue->bufferSize;
queue->active--;
/** Stats output on SIGUSR1 **/
static void sigUSR1(int signo)
fprintf(stderr, "Buffer use: %i (%i/%i), STDOUT: %i PIPE: %i:%i\n", queue.active, queue.maxUse, queue.bufferSize, queue.sWrites, queue.pWrites, queue.drops);
/** handle signal for terminating **/
static void sigINT(int signo)
quit++;
if (quit > 1) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
这个版本需要一个额外的(可选的)参数,它指定要为管道缓冲的块的数量。我的示例调用现在如下所示:
some_process | bftee >(onlineAnalysis.pl > results) 16384 | gzip > raw_data.gz
导致在丢弃发生之前缓冲 16384 个块。这使用了大约 32 MB 更多的内存,但是......谁在乎呢?
当然,在实际环境中,我使用的是命名管道,以便我可以根据需要进行附加和分离。看起来是这样的:
mkfifo named_pipe
some_process | bftee named_pipe 16384 | gzip > raw_data.gz &
cat named_pipe | onlineAnalysis.pl > results
此外,该过程对信号的反应如下: SIGUSR1 -> 将计数器打印到 STDERR SIGTERM, SIGINT -> 首先退出主循环并将缓冲区刷新到管道,第二个立即终止程序。
也许这对将来的某人有帮助... 享受
【讨论】:
【参考方案6】:似乎 bash <>
重定向运算符 (3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and WritingSee) 使得写入文件/fifo 以非阻塞方式打开。
这应该有效:
$ mkfifo /tmp/mylog
$ exec 4<>/tmp/mylog
$ myprogram 2>&1 | tee >&4
$ cat /tmp/mylog # on demend
gniourf_gniourf 在#bash IRC 频道上给出的解决方案。
【讨论】:
这实际上是在 fifo 没有阻塞的情况下工作的。tail
不会在那个 fifo 上工作,也许它会等待 EOF
永远不会出现。 cat
的输出有效,但提供了自上次 cat
以来的任何输出。所以我想知道使用的是什么缓冲区(通常的管道/fifo缓冲区?)以及它会持续多长时间,以及当它被填充时会发生什么。
经过一些 k 后,缓冲区已用完,程序暂停执行,直到 fifo 耗尽。所以这并不能真正解决我的问题。【参考方案7】:
给定的fifo
方法的问题是,当管道缓冲区被填满并且没有读取过程发生时,整个事情都会挂起。
对于fifo
的工作方法,我认为您必须实现一个命名管道客户端-服务器模型,类似于BASH: Best architecture for reading from two input streams 中提到的模型(请参阅下面稍作修改的代码,示例代码2)。
对于解决方法,您还可以使用while ... read
构造而不是tee
ing stdout 到命名管道,方法是在while ... read
循环内实现计数机制,该循环将定期覆盖指定行数的日志文件.这将防止日志文件不断增长(示例代码 1)。
# sample code 1
# terminal window 1
rm -f /tmp/mylog
touch /tmp/mylog
while sleep 2; do date '+%Y-%m-%d_%H.%M.%S'; done 2>&1 | while IFS="" read -r line; do
lno=$((lno+1))
#echo $lno
array[$lno]="$line"
if [[ $lno -eq 10 ]]; then
lno=$((lno+1))
array[$lno]="-------------"
printf '%s\n' "$array[@]" > /tmp/mylog
unset lno array
fi
printf '%s\n' "$line"
done
# terminal window 2
tail -f /tmp/mylog
#------------------------
# sample code 2
# code taken from:
# https://***.com/questions/6702474/bash-best-architecture-for-reading-from-two-input-streams
# terminal window 1
# server
(
rm -f /tmp/to /tmp/from
mkfifo /tmp/to /tmp/from
while true; do
while IFS="" read -r -d $'\n' line; do
printf '%s\n' "$line"
done </tmp/to >/tmp/from &
bgpid=$!
exec 3>/tmp/to
exec 4</tmp/from
trap "kill -TERM $bgpid; exit" 0 1 2 3 13 15
wait "$bgpid"
echo "restarting..."
done
) &
serverpid=$!
#kill -TERM $serverpid
# client
(
exec 3>/tmp/to;
exec 4</tmp/from;
while IFS="" read -r -d $'\n' <&4 line; do
if [[ "$line:0:1" == $'\177' ]]; then
printf 'line from stdin: %s\n' "$line:1" > /dev/null
else
printf 'line from fifo: %s\n' "$line" > /dev/null
fi
done &
trap "kill -TERM $"'!; exit' 1 2 3 13 15
while IFS="" read -r -d $'\n' line; do
# can we make it atomic?
# sleep 0.5
# dd if=/tmp/to iflag=nonblock of=/dev/null # flush fifo
printf '\177%s\n' "$line"
done >&3
) &
# kill -TERM $!
# terminal window 2
# tests
echo hello > /tmp/to
yes 1 | nl > /tmp/to
yes 1 | nl | tee /tmp/to
while sleep 2; do date '+%Y-%m-%d_%H.%M.%S'; done 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/to
# terminal window 3
cat /tmp/to | head -n 10
【讨论】:
【参考方案8】:嵌入式设备上经常使用的BusyBox可以通过
syslogd -C
可以用
填充logger
并由
阅读logread
效果很好,但只提供了一个全局日志。
【讨论】:
【参考方案9】:如果您可以在嵌入式设备上安装 screen,那么您可以在其中运行“myprogram”并将其分离,然后在您想查看日志时随时重新附加它。比如:
$ screen -t sometitle myprogram
Hit Ctrl+A, then d to detach it.
当您想查看输出时,重新附加它:
$ screen -DR sometitle
Hit Ctrl-A, then d to detach it again.
这样您就完全不用担心程序输出会占用磁盘空间。
【讨论】:
甚至更好,因为screen
捕获多个屏幕,您可以使用Ctrl-A ESC
输入copy mode
并使用箭头键向上滚动相当多的量。完成后再次使用ESC
退出模式。【参考方案10】:
但是,即使在驱动器空间用完之前不使用,这也会创建一个不断增长的日志文件。
为什么不定期轮换日志?甚至还有一个程序可以为你做这件事logrotate
。
还有一个用于生成日志消息并根据类型对它们执行不同操作的系统。它叫syslog
。
您甚至可以将两者结合起来。让您的程序生成 syslog 消息,配置 syslog 以将它们放在一个文件中,并使用 logrotate 确保它们不会填满磁盘。
如果您正在为一个小型嵌入式系统编写代码并且程序的输出量很大,那么您可以考虑多种技术。
远程系统日志:将系统日志消息发送到网络上的系统日志服务器。 使用 syslog 中可用的严重级别对消息执行不同的操作。例如。丢弃“INFO”但记录并转发“ERR”或更大。例如。安慰 在您的程序中使用信号处理程序重新读取 HUP 上的配置,并以这种方式“按需”更改日志生成。 让您的程序在 unix 套接字上侦听并在打开时将消息写下来。您甚至可以通过这种方式在您的程序中实现交互式控制台。 使用配置文件,提供对日志输出的精细控制。【讨论】:
嗯,它适用于小型嵌入式系统,程序输出很重。所以我喜欢只在需要时获取数据,而不是存储任何东西或很少存储任何东西,而不依赖于常规运行工具。 我想要类似 'dmesg' 的东西,只存储非常有限数量的消息。 在嵌入式设备上,通用二进制 BusyBox 包含一个环形缓冲日志,可以由 'logger' 填充并由 'logread' 读取。效果很好。注意事项:只能使用一个全局日志。以上是关于Linux 非阻塞 fifo(按需日志记录)的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章