Linux 非阻塞 fifo(按需日志记录)

Posted

技术标签:

【中文标题】Linux 非阻塞 fifo(按需日志记录)【英文标题】:Linux non-blocking fifo (on demand logging) 【发布时间】:2011-11-13 16:47:00 【问题描述】:

我喜欢“按需”记录程序输出。例如。输出记录到终端,但另一个进程可以随时挂接当前输出。

经典的方法是:

myprogram 2>&1 | tee /tmp/mylog

随需应变

tail /tmp/mylog

但是,即使在驱动器空间用完之前不使用,这也会创建一个不断增长的日志文件。所以我的尝试是:

mkfifo /tmp/mylog
myprogram 2>&1 | tee /tmp/mylog

随需应变

cat /tmp/mylog

现在我可以随时阅读 /tmp/mylog。但是,在读取 /tmp/mylog 之前,任何输出都会阻塞程序。我喜欢先进先出刷新任何未读回的传入数据。该怎么做?

【问题讨论】:

好吧,虽然有几个答案可以绕过日志记录的非阻塞 fifo 问题(使用 logrotate、screen 等),但对于大多数用途来说效果很好,但原始问题似乎无法通过简单的 bash 魔法来解决。因此,也许正确的答案是“做不到”。赏金用于实现小缺失工具的答案。 看来魔法确实存在;看我的回答。 【参考方案1】:

受您的问题启发,我编写了一个简单的程序,可以让您这样做:

$ myprogram 2>&1 | ftee /tmp/mylog

它的行为与tee 类似,但将标准输入克隆到标准输出和命名管道(现在是必需的)而不会阻塞。这意味着如果您想以这种方式记录,您可能会丢失日志数据,但我想这在您的场景中是可以接受的。 诀窍是阻止 SIGPIPE 信号并忽略写入损坏的 fifo 时的错误。 当然,这个示例可以通过各种方式进行优化,但到目前为止,我猜它已经完成了工作。

/* ftee - clone stdin to stdout and to a named pipe 
(c) racic@***
WTFPL Licence */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

    int readfd, writefd;
    struct stat status;
    char *fifonam;
    char buffer[BUFSIZ];
    ssize_t bytes;
    
    signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);

    if(2!=argc)
    
        printf("Usage:\n someprog 2>&1 | %s FIFO\n FIFO - path to a"
            " named pipe, required argument\n", argv[0]);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    
    fifonam = argv[1];

    readfd = open(fifonam, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
    if(-1==readfd)
    
        perror("ftee: readfd: open()");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    

    if(-1==fstat(readfd, &status))
    
        perror("ftee: fstat");
        close(readfd);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    

    if(!S_ISFIFO(status.st_mode))
    
        printf("ftee: %s in not a fifo!\n", fifonam);
        close(readfd);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    

    writefd = open(fifonam, O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
    if(-1==writefd)
    
        perror("ftee: writefd: open()");
        close(readfd);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    

    close(readfd);

    while(1)
    
        bytes = read(STDIN_FILENO, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
        if (bytes < 0 && errno == EINTR)
            continue;
        if (bytes <= 0)
            break;

        bytes = write(STDOUT_FILENO, buffer, bytes);
        if(-1==bytes)
            perror("ftee: writing to stdout");
        bytes = write(writefd, buffer, bytes);
        if(-1==bytes);//Ignoring the errors
    
    close(writefd); 
    return(0);

你可以用这个标准命令编译它:

$ gcc ftee.c -o ftee

您可以通过运行例如:

快速验证它

$ ping www.google.com | ftee /tmp/mylog

$ cat /tmp/mylog

另请注意 - 这不是多路复用器。一次只能有一个进程执行$ cat /tmp/mylog

【讨论】:

按预期工作。很好!如果事实证明没有仅限 bash 的解决方案,那么您将获得赏金。而且我们必须使您的工具成为 GNU 标准的工具,随每个 vanilla 发行版一起提供...... 你想要实现的目标并不常见,这种方法适用于构建应用程序时。对于大多数情况,tail -f logfile.log 工作得很好。 我认为这对于任何无人看管的长期运行程序都非常有用,只要没有问题,它就可以生成大量没有任何意义的 dbeug 输出。例如,考虑单一用途的嵌入式设备。如果系统多年无人看管,日志文件就不是很有用。甚至可能有一个只读文件系统来保护嵌入式功能免受 fs 垃圾和断电的影响。所以日志文件没有意义。 对于嵌入式设备,我现在解决它就像我上面的 BusyBox 回答一样,效果很好。但我并没有将我的问题限制在此类系统上,所以这是一个解决方案。一个非常好的工具! @racic:哇!!!这些天你真的看不到多少C。如果可以的话,我会给你 10 分,所以我也为你的评论 +1。【参考方案2】:

为了跟随 Fabraxia 的脚步,我将分享我对 racic 代码的小修改。在我的一个用例中,我需要禁止对STDOUT 的写入,因此我添加了另一个参数:swallow_stdout。如果那不是0,那么输出到STDOUT 将被关闭。

由于我不是 C 编码器,我在阅读代码时添加了 cmets,也许它们对其他人有用。

/* ftee - clone stdin to stdout and to a named pipe 
(c) racic@***
WTFPL Licence */

// gcc /tmp/ftee.c -o /usr/local/bin/ftee

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

    int readfd, writefd;        // read & write file descriptors
    struct stat status;         // read file descriptor status
    char *fifonam;              // name of the pipe
    int swallow_stdout;         // 0 = write to STDOUT
    char buffer[BUFSIZ];        // read/write buffer
    ssize_t bytes;              // bytes read/written

    signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);   

    if(3!=argc)
    
        printf("Usage:\n someprog 2>&1 | %s [FIFO] [swallow_stdout] \n" 
            "FIFO           - path to a named pipe (created beforehand with mkfifo), required argument\n"
            "swallow_stdout - 0 = output to PIPE and STDOUT, 1 = output to PIPE only, required argument\n", argv[0]);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    
    fifonam = argv[1];
    swallow_stdout = atoi(argv[2]);

    readfd = open(fifonam, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK);  // open read file descriptor in non-blocking mode

    if(-1==readfd)  // read descriptor error!
    
        perror("ftee: readfd: open()");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    

    if(-1==fstat(readfd, &status)) // read descriptor status error! (?)
    
        perror("ftee: fstat");
        close(readfd);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    

    if(!S_ISFIFO(status.st_mode)) // read descriptor is not a FIFO error!
    
        printf("ftee: %s in not a fifo!\n", fifonam);
        close(readfd);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    

    writefd = open(fifonam, O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK); // open write file descriptor non-blocking
    if(-1==writefd) // write file descriptor error!
    
        perror("ftee: writefd: open()");
        close(readfd);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    

    close(readfd); // reading complete, close read file descriptor

    while(1) // infinite loop
    
        bytes = read(STDIN_FILENO, buffer, sizeof(buffer)); // read STDIN into buffer
        if (bytes < 0 && errno == EINTR)
            continue;   // skip over errors

        if (bytes <= 0) 
            break; // no more data coming in or uncaught error, let's quit since we can't write anything

        if (swallow_stdout == 0)
            bytes = write(STDOUT_FILENO, buffer, bytes); // write buffer to STDOUT
        if(-1==bytes) // write error!
            perror("ftee: writing to stdout");
        bytes = write(writefd, buffer, bytes); // write a copy of the buffer to the write file descriptor
        if(-1==bytes);// ignore errors
    
    close(writefd); // close write file descriptor
    return(0); // return exit code 0

【讨论】:

【参考方案3】:

日志记录可以定向到 UDP 套接字。由于 UDP 是无连接的,它不会阻塞发送程序。当然,如果接收方或网络跟不上,日志会丢失。

myprogram 2>&1 | socat - udp-datagram:localhost:3333

那么当你想观察日志时:

socat udp-recv:3333 -

还有其他一些很酷的好处,例如能够同时附加多个侦听器或广播到多个设备。

【讨论】:

【参考方案4】:

如果您的进程写入任何日志文件,然后擦除文件并不时重新启动,因此它不会变得太大,或者使用logrotate

tail --follow=name --retry my.log

这就是你所需要的。您将获得与终端一样多的回滚。

不需要任何非标准的东西。我没有用小日志文件尝试过,但我们所有的日志都像这样轮换,我从来没有注意到丢失的行。

【讨论】:

此方法的一个优点是,如果您在 vi 中打开日志,并且在后台将其删除,则整个文件将保留在磁盘上,直到您完成它为止。如果您减少日志,您可以按照它被附加到。【参考方案5】:

这是一个(非常)旧的线程,但我最近遇到了类似的问题。事实上,我需要的是将 stdin 克隆到 stdout 并复制到非阻塞管道。第一个答案中提议的 ftee 确实有帮助,但(对于我的用例)太不稳定了。这意味着我丢失了如果我及时得到它可以处理的数据。

我遇到的情况是我有一个进程(some_process),它聚合一些数据并每三秒将其结果写入标准输出。 (简化的)设置看起来像这样(在实际设置中我使用的是命名管道):

some_process | ftee >(onlineAnalysis.pl > results) | gzip > raw_data.gz

现在,raw_data.gz 必须被压缩并且必须是完整的。 ftee 很好地完成了这项工作。但是我在中间使用的管道太慢了,无法抓取刷新出来的数据 - 但它足够快,可以处理所有事情,如果它可以到达它,这是用普通三通测试的。但是,如果未命名的管道发生任何事情,普通的 tee 会阻塞,并且因为我希望能够按需挂接,所以 tee 不是一个选项。回到正题:中间放一个缓冲就更好了,结果是:

some_process | ftee >(mbuffer -m 32M| onlineAnalysis.pl > results) | gzip > raw_data.gz

但这仍然会丢失我本可以处理的数据。所以我继续将之前提出的 ftee 扩展为缓冲版本 (bftee)。它仍然具有所有相同的属性,但使用(低效?)内部缓冲区以防写入失败。如果缓冲区已满,它仍然会丢失数据,但它非常适合我的情况。与往常一样,还有很大的改进空间,但是当我从这里复制代码时,我想将其分享给可能有用的人。

/* bftee - clone stdin to stdout and to a buffered, non-blocking pipe 
    (c) racic@***
    (c) fabraxias@***
    WTFPL Licence */

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <sys/types.h>
    #include <sys/stat.h>
    #include <fcntl.h>
    #include <errno.h>
    #include <signal.h>
    #include <unistd.h>

    // the number of sBuffers that are being held at a maximum
    #define BUFFER_SIZE 4096
    #define BLOCK_SIZE 2048

    typedef struct 
      char data[BLOCK_SIZE];
      int bytes;
     sBuffer;

    typedef struct 
      sBuffer *data;  //array of buffers
      int bufferSize; // number of buffer in data
      int start;      // index of the current start buffer
      int end;        // index of the current end buffer
      int active;     // number of active buffer (currently in use)
      int maxUse;     // maximum number of buffers ever used
      int drops;      // number of discarded buffer due to overflow
      int sWrites;    // number of buffer written to stdout
      int pWrites;    // number of buffers written to pipe
     sQueue;

    void InitQueue(sQueue*, int);              // initialized the Queue
    void PushToQueue(sQueue*, sBuffer*, int);  // pushes a buffer into Queue at the end 
    sBuffer *RetrieveFromQueue(sQueue*);       // returns the first entry of the buffer and removes it or NULL is buffer is empty
    sBuffer *PeakAtQueue(sQueue*);             // returns the first entry of the buffer but does not remove it. Returns NULL on an empty buffer
    void ShrinkInQueue(sQueue *queue, int);    // shrinks the first entry of the buffer by n-bytes. Buffer is removed if it is empty
    void DelFromQueue(sQueue *queue);          // removes the first entry of the queue

    static void sigUSR1(int);                  // signal handled for SUGUSR1 - used for stats output to stderr
    static void sigINT(int);                   // signla handler for SIGKILL/SIGTERM - allows for a graceful stop ?

    sQueue queue;                              // Buffer storing the overflow
    volatile int quit;                         // for quiting the main loop

    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
       
        int readfd, writefd;
        struct stat status;
        char *fifonam;
        sBuffer buffer;
        ssize_t bytes;
        int bufferSize = BUFFER_SIZE;

        signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
        signal(SIGUSR1, sigUSR1);
        signal(SIGTERM, sigINT);
        signal(SIGINT,  sigINT);

        /** Handle commandline args and open the pipe for non blocking writing **/

        if(argc < 2 || argc > 3)
           
            printf("Usage:\n someprog 2>&1 | %s FIFO [BufferSize]\n"
                   "FIFO - path to a named pipe, required argument\n"
                   "BufferSize - temporary Internal buffer size in case write to FIFO fails\n", argv[0]);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        

        fifonam = argv[1];
        if (argc == 3) 
          bufferSize = atoi(argv[2]);
          if (bufferSize == 0) bufferSize = BUFFER_SIZE;
        

        readfd = open(fifonam, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
        if(-1==readfd)
           
            perror("bftee: readfd: open()");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        

        if(-1==fstat(readfd, &status))
        
            perror("bftee: fstat");
            close(readfd);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        

        if(!S_ISFIFO(status.st_mode))
        
            printf("bftee: %s in not a fifo!\n", fifonam);
            close(readfd);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        

        writefd = open(fifonam, O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
        if(-1==writefd)
        
            perror("bftee: writefd: open()");
            close(readfd);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        

        close(readfd);


        InitQueue(&queue, bufferSize);
        quit = 0;

        while(!quit)
        
            // read from STDIN
            bytes = read(STDIN_FILENO, buffer.data, sizeof(buffer.data));

            // if read failed due to interrupt, then retry, otherwise STDIN has closed and we should stop reading
            if (bytes < 0 && errno == EINTR) continue;
            if (bytes <= 0) break;

            // save the number if read bytes in the current buffer to be processed
            buffer.bytes = bytes;

            // this is a blocking write. As long as buffer is smaller than 4096 Bytes, the write is atomic to a pipe in Linux
            // thus, this cannot be interrupted. however, to be save this should handle the error cases of partial or interrupted write none the less.
            bytes = write(STDOUT_FILENO, buffer.data, buffer.bytes);
            queue.sWrites++;

            if(-1==bytes) 
                perror("ftee: writing to stdout");
                break;
            

            sBuffer *tmpBuffer = NULL;

            // if the queue is empty (tmpBuffer gets set to NULL) the this does nothing - otherwise it tries to write
            // the buffered data to the pipe. This continues until the Buffer is empty or the write fails.
            // NOTE: bytes cannot be -1  (that would have failed just before) when the loop is entered. 
            while ((bytes != -1) && (tmpBuffer = PeakAtQueue(&queue)) != NULL) 
               // write the oldest buffer to the pipe
               bytes = write(writefd, tmpBuffer->data, tmpBuffer->bytes);

               // the  written bytes are equal to the buffer size, the write is successful - remove the buffer and continue
               if (bytes == tmpBuffer->bytes) 
                 DelFromQueue(&queue);
                 queue.pWrites++;
                else if (bytes > 0) 
                 // on a positive bytes value there was a partial write. we shrink the current buffer
                 //  and handle this as a write failure
                 ShrinkInQueue(&queue, bytes);
                 bytes = -1;
               
            
            // There are several cases here:
            // 1.) The Queue is empty -> bytes is still set from the write to STDOUT. in this case, we try to write the read data directly to the pipe
            // 2.) The Queue was not empty but is now -> bytes is set from the last write (which was successful) and is bigger 0. also try to write the data
            // 3.) The Queue was not empty and still is not -> there was a write error before (even partial), and bytes is -1. Thus this line is skipped.
            if (bytes != -1) bytes = write(writefd, buffer.data, buffer.bytes);

            // again, there are several cases what can happen here
            // 1.) the write before was successful -> in this case bytes is equal to buffer.bytes and nothing happens
            // 2.) the write just before is partial or failed all together - bytes is either -1 or smaller than buffer.bytes -> add the remaining data to the queue
            // 3.) the write before did not happen as the buffer flush already had an error. In this case bytes is -1 -> add the remaining data to the queue
            if (bytes != buffer.bytes)
              PushToQueue(&queue, &buffer, bytes);
            else 
              queue.pWrites++;
        

        // once we are done with STDIN, try to flush the buffer to the named pipe
        if (queue.active > 0) 
           //set output buffer to block - here we wait until we can write everything to the named pipe
           // --> this does not seem to work - just in case there is a busy loop that waits for buffer flush aswell. 
           int saved_flags = fcntl(writefd, F_GETFL);
           int new_flags = saved_flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
           int res = fcntl(writefd, F_SETFL, new_flags);

           sBuffer *tmpBuffer = NULL;
           //TODO: this does not handle partial writes yet
           while ((tmpBuffer = PeakAtQueue(&queue)) != NULL) 
             int bytes = write(writefd, tmpBuffer->data, tmpBuffer->bytes);
             if (bytes != -1) DelFromQueue(&queue);
           
        

        close(writefd);

    


    /** init a given Queue **/
    void InitQueue (sQueue *queue, int bufferSize) 
      queue->data = calloc(bufferSize, sizeof(sBuffer));
      queue->bufferSize = bufferSize;
      queue->start = 0;
      queue->end = 0;
      queue->active = 0;
      queue->maxUse = 0;
      queue->drops = 0;
      queue->sWrites = 0;
      queue->pWrites = 0;
    

    /** push a buffer into the Queue**/
    void PushToQueue(sQueue *queue, sBuffer *p, int offset)
    

        if (offset < 0) offset = 0;      // offset cannot be smaller than 0 - if that is the case, we were given an error code. Set it to 0 instead
        if (offset == p->bytes) return;  // in this case there are 0 bytes to add to the queue. Nothing to write

        // this should never happen - offset cannot be bigger than the buffer itself. Panic action
        if (offset > p->bytes) perror("got more bytes to buffer than we read\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

        // debug output on a partial write. TODO: remove this line
        // if (offset > 0 ) fprintf(stderr, "partial write to buffer\n");

        // copy the data from the buffer into the queue and remember its size
        memcpy(queue->data[queue->end].data, p->data + offset , p->bytes-offset);
        queue->data[queue->end].bytes = p->bytes - offset;

        // move the buffer forward
        queue->end = (queue->end + 1) % queue->bufferSize;

        // there is still space in the buffer
        if (queue->active < queue->bufferSize)
        
            queue->active++;
            if (queue->active > queue->maxUse) queue->maxUse = queue->active;
         else 
            // Overwriting the oldest. Move start to next-oldest
            queue->start = (queue->start + 1) % queue->bufferSize;
            queue->drops++;
        
    

    /** return the oldest entry in the Queue and remove it or return NULL in case the Queue is empty **/
    sBuffer *RetrieveFromQueue(sQueue *queue)
    
        if (!queue->active)  return NULL; 

        queue->start = (queue->start + 1) % queue->bufferSize;
        queue->active--;
        return &(queue->data[queue->start]);
    

    /** return the oldest entry in the Queue or NULL if the Queue is empty. Does not remove the entry **/
    sBuffer *PeakAtQueue(sQueue *queue)
    
        if (!queue->active)  return NULL; 
        return &(queue->data[queue->start]);
    

    /*** Shrinks the oldest entry i the Queue by bytes. Removes the entry if buffer of the oldest entry runs empty*/
    void ShrinkInQueue(sQueue *queue, int bytes) 

      // cannot remove negative amount of bytes - this is an error case. Ignore it
      if (bytes <= 0) return;

      // remove the entry if the offset is equal to the buffer size
      if (queue->data[queue->start].bytes == bytes) 
        DelFromQueue(queue);
        return;
      ;

      // this is a partial delete
      if (queue->data[queue->start].bytes > bytes) 
        //shift the memory by the offset
        memmove(queue->data[queue->start].data, queue->data[queue->start].data + bytes, queue->data[queue->start].bytes - bytes);
        queue->data[queue->start].bytes = queue->data[queue->start].bytes - bytes;
        return;
      

      // panic is the are to remove more than we have the buffer
      if (queue->data[queue->start].bytes < bytes) 
        perror("we wrote more than we had - this should never happen\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        return;
      
    

    /** delete the oldest entry from the queue. Do nothing if the Queue is empty **/
    void DelFromQueue(sQueue *queue)
    
        if (queue->active > 0) 
          queue->start = (queue->start + 1) % queue->bufferSize;
          queue->active--;
        
    

    /** Stats output on SIGUSR1 **/
    static void sigUSR1(int signo) 
      fprintf(stderr, "Buffer use: %i (%i/%i), STDOUT: %i PIPE: %i:%i\n", queue.active, queue.maxUse, queue.bufferSize, queue.sWrites, queue.pWrites, queue.drops);
    

    /** handle signal for terminating **/
    static void sigINT(int signo) 
      quit++;
      if (quit > 1) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    

这个版本需要一个额外的(可选的)参数,它指定要为管道缓冲的块的数量。我的示例调用现在如下所示:

some_process | bftee >(onlineAnalysis.pl > results) 16384 | gzip > raw_data.gz

导致在丢弃发生之前缓冲 16384 个块。这使用了大约 32 MB 更多的内存,但是......谁在乎呢?

当然,在实际环境中,我使用的是命名管道,以便我可以根据需要进行附加和分离。看起来是这样的:

mkfifo named_pipe
some_process | bftee named_pipe 16384 | gzip > raw_data.gz &
cat named_pipe | onlineAnalysis.pl > results

此外,该过程对信号的反应如下: SIGUSR1 -> 将计数器打印到 STDERR SIGTERM, SIGINT -> 首先退出主循环并将缓冲区刷新到管道,第二个立即终止程序。

也许这对将来的某人有帮助... 享受

【讨论】:

【参考方案6】:

似乎 bash &lt;&gt; 重定向运算符 (3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and WritingSee) 使得写入文件/fifo 以非阻塞方式打开。 这应该有效:

$ mkfifo /tmp/mylog
$ exec 4<>/tmp/mylog
$ myprogram 2>&1 | tee >&4
$ cat /tmp/mylog # on demend

gniourf_gniourf 在#bash IRC 频道上给出的解决方案。

【讨论】:

这实际上是在 fifo 没有阻塞的情况下工作的。 tail 不会在那个 fifo 上工作,也许它会等待 EOF 永远不会出现。 cat 的输出有效,但提供了自上次 cat 以来的任何输出。所以我想知道使用的是什么缓冲区(通常的管道/fifo缓冲区?)以及它会持续多长时间,以及当它被填充时会发生什么。 经过一些 k 后,缓冲区已用完,程序暂停执行,直到 fifo 耗尽。所以这并不能真正解决我的问题。【参考方案7】:

给定的fifo 方法的问题是,当管道缓冲区被填满并且没有读取过程发生时,整个事情都会挂起。

对于fifo 的工作方法,我认为您必须实现一个命名管道客户端-服务器模型,类似于BASH: Best architecture for reading from two input streams 中提到的模型(请参阅下面稍作修改的代码,示例代码2)。

对于解决方法,您还可以使用while ... read 构造而不是teeing stdout 到命名管道,方法是在while ... read 循环内实现计数机制,该循环将定期覆盖指定行数的日志文件.这将防止日志文件不断增长(示例代码 1)。

# sample code 1

# terminal window 1
rm -f /tmp/mylog
touch /tmp/mylog
while sleep 2; do date '+%Y-%m-%d_%H.%M.%S'; done 2>&1 | while IFS="" read -r line; do 
  lno=$((lno+1))
  #echo $lno
  array[$lno]="$line"
  if [[ $lno -eq 10 ]]; then
    lno=$((lno+1))
    array[$lno]="-------------"
    printf '%s\n' "$array[@]" > /tmp/mylog
    unset lno array
  fi
  printf '%s\n' "$line"
done

# terminal window 2
tail -f /tmp/mylog


#------------------------


# sample code 2

# code taken from: 
# https://***.com/questions/6702474/bash-best-architecture-for-reading-from-two-input-streams
# terminal window 1

# server
(
rm -f /tmp/to /tmp/from
mkfifo /tmp/to /tmp/from
while true; do 
  while IFS="" read -r -d $'\n' line; do 
    printf '%s\n' "$line"
  done </tmp/to >/tmp/from &
  bgpid=$!
  exec 3>/tmp/to
  exec 4</tmp/from
  trap "kill -TERM $bgpid; exit" 0 1 2 3 13 15
  wait "$bgpid"
  echo "restarting..."
done
) &
serverpid=$!
#kill -TERM $serverpid

# client
(
exec 3>/tmp/to;
exec 4</tmp/from;
while IFS="" read -r -d $'\n' <&4 line; do
  if [[ "$line:0:1" == $'\177' ]]; then 
    printf 'line from stdin: %s\n' "$line:1"  > /dev/null
  else       
    printf 'line from fifo: %s\n' "$line"       > /dev/null
  fi
done &
trap "kill -TERM $"'!; exit' 1 2 3 13 15
while IFS="" read -r -d $'\n' line; do
  # can we make it atomic?
  # sleep 0.5
  # dd if=/tmp/to iflag=nonblock of=/dev/null  # flush fifo
  printf '\177%s\n' "$line"
done >&3
) &
# kill -TERM $!


# terminal window 2
# tests
echo hello > /tmp/to
yes 1 | nl > /tmp/to
yes 1 | nl | tee /tmp/to
while sleep 2; do date '+%Y-%m-%d_%H.%M.%S'; done 2>&1 | tee -a /tmp/to


# terminal window 3
cat /tmp/to | head -n 10

【讨论】:

【参考方案8】:

嵌入式设备上经常使用的BusyBox可以通过

syslogd -C

可以用

填充
logger

并由

阅读
logread

效果很好,但只提供了一个全局日志。

【讨论】:

【参考方案9】:

如果您可以在嵌入式设备上安装 screen,那么您可以在其中运行“myprogram”并将其分离,然后在您想查看日志时随时重新附加它。比如:

$ screen -t sometitle myprogram
Hit Ctrl+A, then d to detach it.

当您想查看输出时,重新附加它:

$ screen -DR sometitle
Hit Ctrl-A, then d to detach it again.

这样您就完全不用担心程序输出会占用磁盘空间。

【讨论】:

甚至更好,因为screen 捕获多个屏幕,您可以使用Ctrl-A ESC 输入copy mode 并使用箭头键向上滚动相当多的量。完成后再次使用ESC 退出模式。【参考方案10】:

但是,即使在驱动器空间用完之前不使用,这也会创建一个不断增长的日志文件。

为什么不定期轮换日志?甚至还有一个程序可以为你做这件事logrotate

还有一个用于生成日志消息并根据类型对它们执行不同操作的系统。它叫syslog

您甚至可以将两者结合起来。让您的程序生成 syslog 消息,配置 syslog 以将它们放在一个文件中,并使用 logrotate 确保它们不会填满磁盘。


如果您正在为一个小型嵌入式系统编写代码并且程序的输出量很大,那么您可以考虑多种技术。

远程系统日志:将系统日志消息发送到网络上的系统日志服务器。 使用 syslog 中可用的严重级别对消息执行不同的操作。例如。丢弃“INFO”但记录并转发“ERR”或更大。例如。安慰 在您的程序中使用信号处理程序重新读取 HUP 上的配置,并以这种方式“按需”更改日志生成。 让您的程序在 unix 套接字上侦听并在打开时将消息写下来。您甚至可以通过这种方式在您的程序中实现交互式控制台。 使用配置文件,提供对日志输出的精细控制。

【讨论】:

嗯,它适用于小型嵌入式系统,程序输出很重。所以我喜欢只在需要时获取数据,而不是存储任何东西或很少存储任何东西,而不依赖于常规运行工具。 我想要类似 'dmesg' 的东西,只存储非常有限数量的消息。 在嵌入式设备上,通用二进制 BusyBox 包含一个环形缓冲日志,可以由 'logger' 填充并由 'logread' 读取。效果很好。注意事项:只能使用一个全局日志。

以上是关于Linux 非阻塞 fifo(按需日志记录)的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章

Lua 对空 FIFO 的非阻塞读访问

在linux / bash中使用非阻塞FIFO流式传输视频

POSIX FIFO 在阻塞模式下打开时冻结

Linux有名管道的 阻塞VS非阻塞 读写

我可以在 Linux 上打开命名管道以在 Python 中进行非阻塞写入吗?

日志快速筛选 之 linux命令grep|uniq|wc|awk